<p> The importance of snow surface albedo has been recorded by many authors. Techniques have been attempted with less than favorable results by D.E. Petzold (1977). This paper investigates the methods proposed by Petzold and offers alternative methods of albedo estimations using polar, sub-polar and continental stations as data sources. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

Snow/ice events are indeed a rare occurrence in the southeast United States. As a result, residents of the Southeast often exemplify a passive attitude towards winter weather and are often unprepared when it strikes. This study analyzed every recorded winter weather event that struck the Southeast (Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia) from the winter season of 1961-'62 through 2000-'01 from both a spatial and temporal standpoint. Through the results of this study, it was evident that Georgia saw the most overall winter weather events and January seemed to be the most productive month overall. This study also analyzed teleconnection (ENSO, PNA, NAO, AO) indices per study period season in order to deduce correlations with active/inactive Southeast winters. Through statistical analyses, correlations were deemed insignificant.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

A computer program was written to calculate snow albedos for the months of January, March, and May in western Canada. Snow depth as well as water equivalent depth data was obtained from snow cover records and climatic maps. It was found that for the months of January and March, the snow depths were all greater than 10 cm and so the snow albedo was not a function of the surface type rather only the snow cover. For May, however, snow depths of less than 10 cm were obtained and the albedo became a function of both the water equivalent as well as surface type. The method of data collection is criticized primarily because of the instances of measurements and methods of measurement. Also, the equation in which the snow albedo is calculated is criticized because it only takes into consideration snow depth and not other important factors such as snow age density and crystal structure. However, age, density, and crystal structure are difficult measures to obtain data for on a large scale typical of GCMs. Good comparisons are made with the snow albedo values of forested sites obtained in this study with those in the literature. / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

A well structured computer program has been developed to perform geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis of space trusses and to study the sensitivity of parallel lamella dome under wind and snow loads. The modified Riks/Wempner method is used to perform the prebuckling and postbuckling analysis. The European Convention for Constructional Steelwork (ECCS code) is used as the code of practice for design wind pressures on domes. Failures of domes have occurred during snow storms and have attributed to heavy local snow concentrations. Most codes of practice do not provide design wind and snow loads for domes, and a few international codes do show significant differences in the distributions of design wind pressure for domes. Moreover, current design practices for domes do not reflect the possibility of heavy local snow concentrations. Since wind load data is widely varied among the codes, and specific information on local snow concentrations is not available, the study of the behavior of a full-size lamella dome under different wind pressures and various snow distributions will be carried out with the finite element analysis, and critical load combinations will be obtained with the aid of stability boundary. The proposed study is expected to provide guidelines for the determination of critical wind and snow load conditions. / M.S.

付記する学位プログラム名: 霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス・リーディング大学院 / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第25154号 / 理博第5061号 / 新制||理||1721(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 平田 聡, 教授 松田 一希, 准教授 半谷 吾郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

In 1977, this study was carried out in a small drainage basin (33 km2) near Resolute (74°55'N, 94°50'W), Northwest Territories (1) to examine the manner in which meltwater runoff carves channels in the valley snowpack before the channels become stablised on their clastic beds, and (2) to assess the role played by valley snowpacks on fluvial processes. Major factors controlling channel development in the snowpack include the distribution and the characteristics of the snow, which in turn are related to the local topography and the prevailing directions of winter snowdrift. Based on this relationship, an attempt was made to predict the sequences of channel development in terms of several processes including ponding, tunnelling, lateral and vertical shifting, and stream capturing. Availability of water controls the rate of channel development sequences and hence the magnitude of fluvial processes over a flow season. In the case of substantial runoff, the rate of snowpack depletion is rapid. However, since the bulk of annual water discharge occurs while the snow is interposed between the running water and the bed material, little geomorphic work is performed during the early part of the flow season. For four selected sites, calculations suggest a protective effect of the snow in reducing the potential bed material transport. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Use of remote sensing for snow water content determination Abstract The aim of this diploma thesis is an integration of remote sensing to snow water equivalent measurement in Czech Republic conditions. The summary of present information of snow parameters retrieval is presented. For snow water equivalent obtaining, radar differential interferometry technique was chosen. The technique was carried out with seven ERS-2 radar images. The result of processing was finished after coherence images creation because of low coherence value at all interferometric pairs. The low coherence values did not enable next processing. Terms of the negative result are discussed. In the second part of the thesis, connection between snow characteristics and radar backscattering is searched. Dependence between snow moisture and backscattering is demonstrated. Factors, which impact values of backscattering and correlation with snow parameters, are discussed. In order to obtain snow water equivalent, the processing of remote sensed data was carried out for the first time in Czech Republic region. Therefore the negative result is still valuable information. Keywords: snow cover, snow water equivalent, remote sensing, radar interferometry