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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-05-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:06:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bertolin_dc_dr_ilha.pdf: 1651986 bytes, checksum: 10399b52ee1922c67368a091e43d8a3b (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O Brasil é o maior consumidor per capita de feijão e possui produtividade média de 946 kg ha-1, e dentre as causas da baixa produtividade Nacional está a falta de utilização de sementes de boa qualidade. O nível de qualidade fisiológica de sementes é avaliado por meio dos parâmetros viabilidade e vigor. A tecnologia de sementes como segmento do processo de produção tem procurado melhorar os testes de vigor com o objetivo de aprimorar a estimativa do potencial fisiológico de um lote de sementes em campo. Atendendo aos interesses da tecnologia de sementes o trabalho objetiva o estudo dos testes de alagamento, envelhecimento acelerado e deterioração controlada para avaliação do vigor de sementes de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.). Para isso foram utilizados 30 genótipos de feijão, sendo que o estudo individual de cada teste foi realizado com 19 genótipos. Para o teste de alagamento foram estudadas variações de períodos de embebição (4, 12, 16, 24 e 30 horas), e quantidades de água (50 e 75mL), para envelhecimento acelerado foram avaliadas variações entre temperaturas (41, 43 e 45°C) e períodos (12, 24, 36, 48 e 60horas) e para deterioração controlada o teste foi realizado com avaliação de períodos (0, 2, 3 e 4 dias), temperaturas (37 e 40°C) e umidades iniciais das sementes (0, 16, 20 e 24%). O estudo foi conduzido no Laboratório de Análise de sementes da Universidade Estadual Paulista, campus de Ilha Solteira-SP, durante o período de março de 2008 a março de 2010. Alguns genótipos apresentam comportamento diferente em relação aos parâmetros envolvidos no teste de envelhecimento acelerado, sendo que este pode ser realizado à 43ºC por 24 horas para determinação do vigor, o teste de alagamento possibilita diferenciar lotes de sementes com qualidade fisiológica distinta quando realizado com 50 ou 75mL de água por 12 horas e é influenciado... / Brazil is the largest per capita consumer of commom beans grains and has an average productivity of 946 kg ha-1, and among the causes of low productivity is the lack of National use of good seeds quality. The level of seed quality is evaluated by the parameters viability and vigor. The seed technology as segment of the production process has sought to improve the vigor tests with objective of improving the estimation of the physiological potential of seeds under field conditions. According to the interests of seed technology this research work objectively study the tests of flooding, accelerated aging and controlled deterioration to assess the vigor of commom bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). For that were used 37 genotypes, and individual study of each test was conducted with 20 genotypes. For the test of flooding were studied variations of soaking periods (4, 12, 16, 24 and 30 hours), and the quantities of water (50 and 75mL) accelerated aging were evaluated for variations between temperatures (41, 43 and 45 ° C) and periods (12, 24, 36, 48 and 60horas) and controlled deterioration test was performed with evaluation periods (0, 2, 3 and 4 days), temperatures (37 and 40 ° C) and seed moisture (12, 16, 20 and 24%). The study was conducted at the Laboratório de Análise de Sementes of the Faculdade de Engenharia- Universidade Estadual Paulista, campus of Ilha Solteira-SP during the period 2008/2010. Some genotypes have behavior different regarding the parameters involved in the accelerated aging test, and this can be performed at 43 ° C for 24 hours to determine the vigor level, flooding test allows differentiating seed lots with distinct physiological quality when performed with 75mL of water for 12 hours and is influenced by genotypic characteristics, such as lignin content of seed coat, the controlled deterioration test provides satisfactory results when performed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Grape-derived aroma and flavor precursors exist partially as non-volatile, sugar-bound glycosides. Hydrolysis of these compounds may modify sensory attributes and potentially enhance wine quality. Cold soak (prefermentation skin contact) at two temperatures and alcohol content (%, v/v) at dejuicing were monitored to determine effects on Cabernet Sauvignon glycoside concentration. Total, phenolic-free, and red-free glycoside concentrations were estimated by the quantification of glycosyl-glucose. Cold soak (5 days at 10° C) increased total glycosides by 77%, red-free glycosides by 80%, and phenolic-free glycosides by 96%. Ambient soak (3 days at 20° C) enhanced color extraction, and increased total glycosides by 177%, red-free glycosides by 144%, and phenolic-free glycosides by 106%. Wines produced by early pressing (10% sugar) had 25% more total and red-free glycosides than late press (0.25% sugar). After post-fermentation malolactic fermentation, total glycosides were 14% lower and phenolic-free glycosides were 35% lower. In a second study, the activities of a-L-arabinofuranosidase, b-glucosidase, and a-L-rhamnoyranosidase were determined in model systems for thirty-two strains of yeasts belonging to the following genera: Aureobasidium, Candida, Cryptococcus, Hanseniaspora, Hansenula, Kloeckera, Metschnikowia, Pichia, Saccharomyces, Torulaspora, and Brettanomyces (10 strains); and seven bacteria (Leuconostoc oenos strains). Only one Saccharomyces strain exhibited -glucosidase activity, but several non-Saccharomyces yeast species had substantial production. Aureobasidium pullulans hydrolyzed a-L-arabinofuranoside, b-glucoside, and a-L-rhamnoyranoside. Eight Brettanomyces strains had -glucosidase activity. Location of enzyme activity was determined for those species with enzymatic activity. The majority of -glucosidase was located in the whole cell fraction (66%), followed by the permeabilized fraction (35%), and extracellular production (2%). Aureobasidium pullulans was also capable of hydrolyzing grape glycosides. / Master of Science

The use of the electronic nose in the wine industry is an emerging technology. Although electronic nose systems have been used in other industries as tools to monitor fruit maturity or quality control, the use of these systems for wine analysis has been debated. Many electronic nose sensor types exist, but have often been accused of primarily discriminating varying ethanol concentrations of wines as opposed to aroma and flavor volatiles. This study evaluated the use of a commercial conducting polymer electronic nose to evaluate wines while minimizing ethanol interference. The first study presented evaluated the discrimination ability of an electronic nose with use of an ethanol baseline prior to wine evaluation. This experiment also determined the optimal wine temperature for electronic nose analysis. A second study reviewed the ability of the electronic nose to discriminate Cabernet Sauvignon grape and wine volatiles based on a pre-fermentation cold soak treatment. The electronic nose was used to monitor volatile changes throughout a five day cold soak, and to discriminate differences in control versus cold soak wines. These results were compared with juice and wine analytical data, GC-MS evaluation of individual volatiles, and sensory analysis of the finished wines. It was found that discrimination of wines improved from 33% to 60% when using an ethanol baseline. Influence of the baseline was indicated by a drop in sensor response prior to wine evaluation. A 30°C sample temperature was chosen for wine analysis based on sensor response and adequate discrimination in canonical distributions. The electronic nose was found to discriminate grape volatiles in cold soak musts as shown in canonical distributions at a 95% significance level. PCA distributions of electronic nose data, chemistry data, and GC-MS data showed varying degrees of discrimination based on analysis. Electronic nose data often showed 100% of variation of samples accounted by PC1. Despite differences in treatment by ENose and analytical data, sensory results did not find a difference in control and cold soak wines. / Master of Science

The equipment for dosing out the solution has been created and the research of its technical characteristics has been done. It appeared that during a certain period of time, depending upon the quantity of solution, the concentration of the solution changes. Besides, with the help of the model, experiments concerning concentration of a solution were done, and the results about the changes of concentration are shown on a graphic.

Orientador: Marco Eustaquio de Sa / Banca: Salatiér Buzetti / Banca: Edson Lazarini / Banca: Francisco Carlos Krzyzanowski / Banca: José de Barros França Neto / Resumo: O Brasil é o maior consumidor per capita de feijão e possui produtividade média de 946 kg ha-1, e dentre as causas da baixa produtividade Nacional está a falta de utilização de sementes de boa qualidade. O nível de qualidade fisiológica de sementes é avaliado por meio dos parâmetros viabilidade e vigor. A tecnologia de sementes como segmento do processo de produção tem procurado melhorar os testes de vigor com o objetivo de aprimorar a estimativa do potencial fisiológico de um lote de sementes em campo. Atendendo aos interesses da tecnologia de sementes o trabalho objetiva o estudo dos testes de alagamento, envelhecimento acelerado e deterioração controlada para avaliação do vigor de sementes de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.). Para isso foram utilizados 30 genótipos de feijão, sendo que o estudo individual de cada teste foi realizado com 19 genótipos. Para o teste de alagamento foram estudadas variações de períodos de embebição (4, 12, 16, 24 e 30 horas), e quantidades de água (50 e 75mL), para envelhecimento acelerado foram avaliadas variações entre temperaturas (41, 43 e 45°C) e períodos (12, 24, 36, 48 e 60horas) e para deterioração controlada o teste foi realizado com avaliação de períodos (0, 2, 3 e 4 dias), temperaturas (37 e 40°C) e umidades iniciais das sementes (0, 16, 20 e 24%). O estudo foi conduzido no Laboratório de Análise de sementes da Universidade Estadual Paulista, campus de Ilha Solteira-SP, durante o período de março de 2008 a março de 2010. Alguns genótipos apresentam comportamento diferente em relação aos parâmetros envolvidos no teste de envelhecimento acelerado, sendo que este pode ser realizado à 43ºC por 24 horas para determinação do vigor, o teste de alagamento possibilita diferenciar lotes de sementes com qualidade fisiológica distinta quando realizado com 50 ou 75mL de água por 12 horas e é influenciado... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Brazil is the largest per capita consumer of commom beans grains and has an average productivity of 946 kg ha-1, and among the causes of low productivity is the lack of National use of good seeds quality. The level of seed quality is evaluated by the parameters viability and vigor. The seed technology as segment of the production process has sought to improve the vigor tests with objective of improving the estimation of the physiological potential of seeds under field conditions. According to the interests of seed technology this research work objectively study the tests of flooding, accelerated aging and controlled deterioration to assess the vigor of commom bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). For that were used 37 genotypes, and individual study of each test was conducted with 20 genotypes. For the test of flooding were studied variations of soaking periods (4, 12, 16, 24 and 30 hours), and the quantities of water (50 and 75mL) accelerated aging were evaluated for variations between temperatures (41, 43 and 45 ° C) and periods (12, 24, 36, 48 and 60horas) and controlled deterioration test was performed with evaluation periods (0, 2, 3 and 4 days), temperatures (37 and 40 ° C) and seed moisture (12, 16, 20 and 24%). The study was conducted at the Laboratório de Análise de Sementes of the Faculdade de Engenharia- Universidade Estadual Paulista, campus of Ilha Solteira-SP during the period 2008/2010. Some genotypes have behavior different regarding the parameters involved in the accelerated aging test, and this can be performed at 43 ° C for 24 hours to determine the vigor level, flooding test allows differentiating seed lots with distinct physiological quality when performed with 75mL of water for 12 hours and is influenced by genotypic characteristics, such as lignin content of seed coat, the controlled deterioration test provides satisfactory results when performed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

The consequences of pre-fermentation and post-fermentation extended maceration (EM) on colour, mouthfeel and phenolic composition were investigated in Pinot noir (2004), Grenache (2006) and Shiraz (2007) (Vitis vinifera L.) wines. Experimental wines were made using cold soak, post-fermentation EM, and standard fermentation treatments (C). Cold soak treatments included a 3-day cold soak at 10°C (CS), with an additional comparison of plunging effects for the 2004 wines (CSP). Post-fermentation extended maceration treatments were 1- or 3-weeks on skins in 2004 (PS1 and PS3 respectively), and 3-weeks in 2006 and 2007 (PS3). A variety of chemical and sensory test methods were used to determine changes in phenolic components and organoleptic properties between treatments of all 3 varietals as they aged in the bottle. Among other results, it was determined if wines made with a period of cold soak had increased colour intensity, and increased concentrations of monomeric anthocyanins and pigmented polymers compared to control wines. It was also determined if wines made with a period of post-fermentation EM had increased concentrations of the flavan-3-ols (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, and tannin, decreased colour intensity and modified mouthfeel compared to the other wine treatments. A greater understanding of Australian red winemakers’ opinions on EM regimes and their use in Australian wineries was obtained by survey. Survey results confirmed that EM is used extensively in Australian wineries but that winemakers have poor understanding of the consequences of EM regimes for red wine properties. The survey confirmed that winemakers are concerned about the economic cost and logistic pressures associated with the use of EM regimes during vintage. Wines made using EM need to spend longer in fermentation vessels, which are in high demand during this time. Findings from this study provide winemakers with more information to consider before making decisions about their use of EM regimes. Survey findings showed more winemakers would use EM regimes if logistic and economic pressures did not apply. However, results suggest that even if winemakers did adopt EM practices, some may not achieve what they believe to be the outcome of these regimes, such as improved colour or mouthfeel properties. For instance, results showed that cold soaking did not make a difference to wine colour compared to conventional fermentation maceration. Even without cold soaking red must, winemakers may be able to achieve the same or very similar wine organoleptic characteristics at a reduced cost. Similarly, no significant effects of plunging during cold soak were observed. Post-fermentation EM visibly reduced wine colour intensity and imparted a browner hue to the wine compared to red wine that was pressed off skins upon reaching dryness. This EM regime is therefore unlikely to benefit winemakers who are seeking to produce highly coloured wines. However, prolonged maceration post-fermentation did increase the intensity of perceived bitterness and increased the concentration of wine flavan-3-ols and tannins. Winemakers may therefore influence the desired balance between the extraction of these wine phenolics (and the associated outcome for taste and mouthfeel properties) and economic considerations by varying the duration of maceration post-fermentation. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1362928 / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2009.

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The cold test is one of the oldest and most acceptable vigour tests as it is used to simulate stress conditions commonly occurring in the field. In recent years, some of South Africa’s top maize hybrids, with high cold test scores, have shown emergence problems under cold, wet planting conditions. It resulted in major complaints from commercial maize producers with sizable claims involved. Therefore, the need arose to find a more sensitive vigour test that takes into account cold, wet conditions. In practice, South African maize producers would not plant if it is too cold and wet. However, cold, wet conditions are commonly experienced during planting time in the main maize production regions of South Africa, especially during October and even November. Furthermore, in most of the commercial maize production areas, such as the western Free State, chances of thunder and hailstorms are high during the planting period. These weather conditions are major causes for sudden drops in temperature and flooding which can expose maize seed and emerging maize seedlings to stress conditions The effects of cold, wet conditions on germination and emergence of nine maize hybrids were investigated in laboratory, glasshouse and field experiments. Growth chamber and glasshouse experiments were conducted under 10°C, 20°C and 30°C and 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours flooding. Field experiments were conducted under different climatic conditions, resulting in cool and wet, cold and wet and favourable conditions during planting. The objectives were to investigate the correlations between different laboratory vigour tests and field emergence of maize hybrids under cold, wet conditions in order to identify the most suitable laboratory vigour test for predicting field emergence under cold, wet conditions. Eight different vigour tests were conducted and each was compared with field emergence under cold, wet conditions. The eight tests conducted, were the cold test, soak test, complex stressing vigour test, electrical conductivity test, accelerated ageing test, tetrazolium test, fast green test and emergence rate test. The soak test was the most sensitive vigour test when considering cold, wet conditions, as it measures seed germination, based on the warm test, after a 48 hour soak in water at 27°C. Correlations found between the soak test and field emergence (53%) under cold, wet conditions was unexpected, since the soak test does not account for low temperatures. The complex stressing vigour test was conducted to study the effect of fluctuating soaking temperatures on germination of maize seed. Seeds of nine maize hybrids were soaked for 48 hours at a moderate temperature (25°C), followed by another 48 hours soak at a low temperature (5°C), and then planted in sand and grown for 4 days at 25°C, before evaluation. Highly significant correlations were found between the complex stressing vigour test and simulated field emergence under both controlled conditions in a glasshouse (89.9%) and cold, wet conditions in the field (90.0%). The complex stressing vigour test was the best test to predict field performance under a wide range of climatic conditions, especially cold, wet conditions. Implementation of the complex stressing test as a routine vigour test, will be to the advantage of maize seed companies, especially in being proactive in predicting emergence of maize hybrids under cold, wet conditions. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted

Transient vehicle thermal management simulations have the potential to be an important tool to ensure long component lifetimes in heavy-duty vehicles, as well as save development costs by reducing development time. Time-resolved computational fluid dynamics simulations of complete vehicles are however typically very computationally expensive, and approximation methods must be employed to keep computational costs and turn-around times at a reasonable level. In this thesis, two transient methods are used to simulate two important time-dependent scenarios for complete vehicles; hot shutdowns and long dynamic drive cycles. An approach using a time scaling between fluid solver and thermal solver is evaluated for a short drive cycle and heat soak. A quasi-transient method, utilizing limited steady-state computational fluid dynamics data repeatedly, is used for a long drive cycle. The simulation results are validated and compared with measurements from a climatic wind tunnel. The results indicate that the time-scaling approach is appropriate when boundary conditions are not changing rapidly. Heat-soak simulations show reasonable agreement between three cases with different thermal scale factors. The quasi-transient simulations suggest that complete vehicle simulations for durations of more than one hour are feasible. The quasi-transient results partly agree with measurements, although more component temperature measurements are required to fully validate the method.