The current global environment is vibrant, volatile and highly competitive. Many developing societies and emerging economies are seeking to establish ways in which they can gain advantages at the international level but also lay the basis for strong societies with exemplary economic, social and moral foundations. Towards this end, these countries are investing energies in building a skilled citizenry and socially mobile, achievement-driven, populations. One such society is the rapidly changing Republic of Korea. One of the catalysts for change in Korea has been argued to be education. Educational access has been linked to changes in economic status and to potentially the undermining of inequality and flattening of class hierarchies. Some authors argue that Korea has been gripped by an ‘education fever’ and others argue that persisting educational inequalities reflect differences largely in terms of social capital – rather than economic capital. This thesis uses quantitative survey methodology to explore differences in the educational achievement of Korean high school students. Eleventh (11th) grade students in three ‘achieving schools’ with varied characteristics were subjects of the study. The purpose was to establish the factors driving achievement in these schools. It was believed that the identification of various factors which influence high achievement on the part of some students might offer insight into how low achievement can be addressed and the base of exceptional educational achievement broadened. Parents and teachers were also respondents in this study. Social capital and its physical, relational, structural, and cognitive dimensions present the conceptual and analytical tools of the study. These concepts were explored in terms of the ideas of the founding theorists – Bourdieu, Coleman and Putnam – and applied to three different domains: family, school and community. The findings suggest that high achievement is linked centrally to familial social capital. Boarding school, whether students who live at home have both parents present, and mothers collecting information from school serve as significant determinants of achievement. Together, Korean mothers and fathers can and do carve important outcomes when they are actively engaged in their children’s learning. As far as school social capital is concerned, physical background and public school status were deemed important. Residential district was the most significant component of community social capital. At a theoretical level, the study finds Coleman’s arguments most relevant in the Korean context, in particular his views on parental involvement and socio-economic status and the ways in which networks of trust and reciprocity augment achievement. The study makes an original contribution in the way it adapts theory and builds novel evidence in the Korean context. The study concludes with a list of key recommendations. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Sociology / DPhil / Unrestricted

This study has been undertaken to analyse the potential of sport as cultural capital in the South African Police Service. There is a need to determine the role of sport in the SAPS and its realisation as a cultural capital and to also find out why the SAPS does not fully realise sport as Cultural Capital. The study offers an understanding of aspects of law enforcement agency sport, cultural and social capital, social cohesion, the social role of sport, sport governance, political power and struggle and sport policy in the SAPS. A review of relevant literature dealing with sport in the law enforcement agencies, cultural and social capital and sport policy was carried out. The sources to gather information embody: books, magazines, articles, newspapers, Government media reports, journals and information from the internet. Single stage sampling procedure was used as the researcher has access to names in the population and can sample the people or other elements directly (Creswell, 2009). A schedule of questions served as the main data collection tool, and it was piloted on ten per cent of the members of the population who did not serve in the final sample of respondents. This exercise assisted in validating the questions. The qualitative study was done with face-to-face semi-structured interviews to get the views of SAPS sport participants relating to SAPS sport. The questions schedule was used to conduct face-to-face interviews to collect data analysed using Atlas ti. SAPS sport contributes towards the accrual of cultural capital within the South African Police Service, but with an exception of language culture, embodied cultural capital and objectified cultural capital. The study concludes that workplace sport has a positive influence on employees' performance and it contributes significantly towards the high level of employees' commitment to the organisation. Police officers should be given opportunities to be involved in sport and recreation activities within the working environment. SAPS should ensure that proper resources are provided and are made easily accessible to enable employees to participate in sport regardless of rank. All police personnel should be exposed to opportunities that are there because of participation in sport in the work environment. SAPS top management should give full support to all members who are interested in participating in sport because of the benefits that are accrued when taking part in sport. Proper sport structures should be put in place at all levels of SAPS sphere of operations so that there should not be communication breakdown in relation to sport issues. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / DPhil / Unrestricted

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In recent years, social capital has emerged at the forefront of comparative research in the areas of philanthropy, community development and international aid. The predominant body of research has been conducted in the United States, Netherlands, and other Northern/Western contexts. From this body of knowledge, the academic community has begun to tease out how philanthropic traditions arise within and adapt to a given cultural context. Stemming from the assertions of Fukuyama, Putnam and Banfield, a theory has emerged that high levels of social capital is connected to high levels of philanthropic support (money and time), and low levels of social capital is connected to low levels of philanthropic support. This is to be expected since, theoretically, in cultures with less trust and civic behavior, there is a higher cost to giving and volunteering, and therefore people give less. Research conducted in American and Dutch communities suggests that a high level of philanthropic behavior is expected to be found in places where people share a high level of social capital (Putnam, 2000); that individuals who have more social capital in terms of access to social networks are more likely to be charitable (Brooks, 2005; Brown and Ferris, 2007); that a donor’s perception that a nonprofit organization is trustworthy affects his or her decision to give (Bekkers, 2003); and that an individual’s participation in different types of civic networks relies on varying levels of social trust (Uslaner, 2002). Colombia offers an interesting case study of the interplay between social capital and philanthropy because much is known about the Colombian citizenry’s propensity to trust and associate. Additionally, the incredible growth of nonprofits in Colombia and Latin America since the early 1990s has spurred an increase in qualitative research surrounding Latin American philanthropy.

This study provides valuable insights into the factors making an innovation hub attractive to potential tenants, with a specific emphasis on the role of cognitive social capital (CSC). Drawing on semi-structured interviews with industry professionals, the research uses thematic analysis to parse out key themes and sub-themes. It uncovers the multi-layered value offered by innovation hubs, highlighting the significance of not only tangible elements like physical infrastructure, but also intangible aspects such as networking, collaboration, knowledge, and learning opportunities. Moreover, the strategic role of an innovation hub in helping businesses meet their objectives is accentuated. The research delves deeper into CSC, revealing the intricate interplay of shared values and understanding, trust, and recognition in enriching the attractiveness of innovation hubs. Furthermore, the study suggests potential avenues for additional services, underscoring the desire for consultancy expertise and wellness facilities. The findings underscore the critical role innovation hubs play in fostering entrepreneurship and the potential they hold in contributing to economic development when they focus on building a supportive and interconnected community. The research not only illuminates the importance of CSC in the context of innovation hubs but also indicates future areas of investigation for scholars and practitioners alike.

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Recently the research on family firm internationalization has begun to consider socioemotional criteria (Debellis, Rondi, Plakoyiannaki, & De Massis, 2021). The effect of family social capital on internationalization strategies has received limited attention in the family business research (Debellis, Rondi, Plakoyiannaki, & De Massis, 2021). There are studies that focus on social capital and what role that has on operations in family firms. There is also a considerable amount of research regarding internationalization aspects connected to family firms (Arregle, et al., 2021). However, studies that try to link internationalization strategy with family social capital are lacking. This paper aims to fill that gap. The purpose of this study is to research how family firms’ social capital affects their internationalization strategy. The research strategy for this study was a multiple case study, using grounded analysis to analyze the empirical findings. The empirical data for this study has been collected through 8 semi-structured interviews with 7 family firms operating on an international level. The findings of this study show that family firms with strong family governance and social capital positively support internationalization strategy initiatives, especially in the relational dimension of family social capital. The cognitive dimension was not directly linked to as many of the themes that emerged from the data analysis as the relational dimension, but still proved to be of significant importance in the development of internationalization strategies.

No / Introduction. Recent research on health inequalities moves beyond illustrating the importance of psychosocial factors for health to a more in-depth study of the specific psychosocial pathways involved. Social capital is a concept that captures both a buffer function of the social environment on health, as well as potential negative effects arising from social inequality and exclusion. This systematic review assesses the current evidence, and identifies gaps in knowledge, on the associations and interactions between social capital and socioeconomic inequalities in health. Methods. Through this systematic review we identified studies on the interactions between social capital and socioeconomic inequalities in health published before July 2012. Results: The literature search resulted in 618 studies after removal of duplicates, of which 60 studies were eligible for analysis. Self-reported measures of health were most frequently used, together with different bonding, bridging and linking components of social capital. A large majority, 56 studies, confirmed a correlation between social capital and socioeconomic inequalities in health. Twelve studies reported that social capital might buffer negative health effects of low socioeconomic status and five studies concluded that social capital has a stronger positive effect on health for people with a lower socioeconomic status. Conclusions: There is evidence for both a buffer effect and a dependency effect of social capital on socioeconomic inequalities in health, although the studies that assess these interactions are limited in number. More evidence is needed, as identified hypotheses have implications for community action and for action on the structural causes of social inequalities.

Naujosios technologijos, komunikacijos ir internetas jungia atokiausius pasaulio kampelius. Atstumams netenkant reikšmės, interneto vartotojai atranda naujas formas, kaip palaikyti ryšį. Viena jų – internetiniai socialiniai tinklai, vienijantys milijonus vartotojų visame pasaulyje. Vartotojai, kurių daugumą sudaro jaunimas, integruoja tokius tinklapius į savo kasdieninį gyvenimą. Jeigu keliais klaviatūros paspaudimais galima pasiekti septyniaženklį žmonių skaičių, tai jau turėtų būti įdomu mokslininkams ir tyrinėtojams. Greitas internetinių socialinių tinklų išplitimas Jungtinėse Amerikos Valstijose ir daugelyje kitų pasaulio šalių kelia tam tikrų klausimų ir Lietuvoje. Šio darbo tikslas – ištirti akademinio jaunimo socialinių ryšių kūrimą internetiniuose socialiniuose tinklapiuose. Tyrime bandoma išsiaiškinti jaunimo naudojimąsi internetiniais socialiniais tinklapiais, veiklą juose ir dalyvavimo motyvus bei jų santykį su socialiniu kapitalu. Hipotezės: 1. Moterys, jaunesnio amžiaus ir gyvenantys didesniuose miestuose jaunimas dažniau linkęs dalyvauti internetiniuose socialiniuose tinklapiuose ir juose turėti daugiau socialinių ryšių; 2. Jaunimas dalyvauja internetiniuose socialiniuose tinklapiuose siekdamas bendrauti, praleisti laisvalaikį ir palaikyti santykius su esamais draugais, o ne viešai save pristatyti ar susipažinti su naujais žmonėmis internetiniame pasaulyje; 3. Jaunimas, dalyvaudamas internetiniuose socialiniuose tinklapiuose, tikisi gauti naudingos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / New technology, communications and the Internet connects the most remote corners of the world. Distance loss of interest, internet users are discovering new ways to communicate. One of them - online social networks, connecting millions of users around the world. Users, most of whom are young people, integrating such sites in their daily lives. If a few keyboard clicks can be achieved millions of people, it should already be interesting to scientists and researchers. Rapid spread of online social networks in the United States and many other countries around the world raises some questions and in Lithuania. The aim of the work - to explore social connections creation of youth in the online social websites. The study attempts to clarify the use of youth online social websites, activities and motives for participation and their relationship to social capital. Hypotheses: 1. Women, younger and living in larger towns young people are more inclined to participate in online social sites and they have more social ties; 2. Young people participated in online social sites to communicate, spend free time and maintaining relationships with existing friends, but not publicly present himself or to meet new people in online world; 3. Young people, who participate in online social sites, expects to receive useful information about things that interest them or through weak ties to give a new perspective to one another. On the other hand, online social sites not makes a strong reciprocal... [to full text]