The purpose of this study is to explore meanings of success in watershed restoration projects. Though restoration has both inherent ecological and social components, the social elements often remain unexamined. Using the Mores Creek Watershed Floodplain Restoration Project in Central Idaho as a case study, this study first reviews existing literature pertaining to watershed restoration, landscape ecology, and ecosystem services, and then uses stakeholder interviews to analyze restoration goals, perceptions of success and failure, and perceived benefits and burdens of the restored watershed. Finally, the study concludes with recommendations for maximizing success in watershed restoration projects. / text

The aim of this study was to investigate the contributions of racial identity and racial socialization beyond peer and parental influence, to the development of critical social analysis in African American youth. Young people perceive injustice and inequality in their world in varying ways. The recognition of societal inequalities, or the development of critical social analysis may be a contributing factor to activism for youth. Factors such as sense of agency, parental and peer influence and intellectual curiosity have previously been explored as contributors to activism for African American youth (Watts, 1999). Study results indicated support for the link between racial identity, racial socialization and a specific factor of critical social analysis. Implications of the findings as well as future directions are discussed.

With the coming era of Internet and knowledge economy, the importance of IS/IT(information systems/information technology) to enterprises can not be overemphasized. However, if IS/IT couldn¡¦t be implemented successfully and brings its performance into full play, the effectiveness and usefulness of IS/IT are unmeaningful. The implementation of IS/IT in an organization is a complicated and dynamic process, which is effected by a variety of factors. For instance, technical factors, the psychological and behavior factors of users, even the cultural, political, economic, and institutional factors rest on the level of organization or environment may all cause the critical effects of implementing IS/IT. For the purpose of understanding the whole picture of IS/IT implementation process, this study integrates the perspective of contradiction/opposition into Structuration Theory and then proposes an interpretive framework, which can contribute to the interpretation of how and why the organization changes and develops. The framework can be used to identify the mechanism behind changing events and the context connected with them, therefore, we can adequately make sense of the complicated and dynamic social process of IS/IT implementation. By distinguishing the contradiction/opposition between structures of agents, between social structures, and between agent structure and social structure, the study interprets how and why agents respond to the enabling/constraint forces caused by structures. According to this, we can understand the unique structuration of IS/IT implementation process in an organization. For the application of the integrated framework, this study adopts qualitative research methodology and the framework for guidance to study an intensive case of ERP implementation. Through the data collection and analysis, this study identifies all of the contradiction/opposition between social entities, and the enabling/constraint social forces during the process of ERP implementation. The result reveals that the severe contradictions/oppositions between social entities caused the failure of the ERP project in Phase I. Entering the Phase II, in addition to the transformation of some structures of social entities, the new forming MIS structure exercised its political and expert power to make ERP system finally perform well. In Phase III, the case company went back to the previous stable status, because the ERP project ended and main project members withdrew. At the end of the paper, this study proposes some conclusions and suggestions for practitioners and academia, and also shows the limitation of the study.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-07T15:54:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Rejane Ferreira dos Santos.pdf: 5571375 bytes, checksum: 6054b69ce06fa25c639e9cbf85c095ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T15:54:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Rejane Ferreira dos Santos.pdf: 5571375 bytes, checksum: 6054b69ce06fa25c639e9cbf85c095ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-10 / Starting from the rescue of peasant struggle for field and for the life on the fields, this work is to analyze the social and economic performance of rural settlements of agrarian reform of responsibility of the INCRA of the municipality of Areia, in Paraiba swamp region. The aim of this analysis is to verify if the peasantry that currently reproduces itself in the town makes that autonomously. Autonomy portrayed here is not related to the independence of the markets, or any other institution, nor the rupture with the exploitative relations of capitalist system, but according to a concept set by Campos (2006), based on some key points as: own identity, allowing self reproduction through their own leadership; extensive knowledge about the origin of all the problems currently present in the settlement; break with the world itself, seeking equal participation and; capacity to fight any kind of policy that could jeopardize the peasant livelihood. Faced with the impossibility of a thorough study, dissociated from the historical context in which the settlements are inserted, it became necessary to analyze the production process, evolution and current configuration of the agrarian space of the municipality of Areia. For this, some theoretical and methodological procedures were used, such as: literature review, collection of secondary data, field research, organization of the database, graphic elaboration through the Microsoft Excel program, and the analysis of results, for which used descriptive statistics. With the results, it was observed a change in the agrarian structure of the municipality of sand over time and it was concluded that the creation of settlements in the city contributed to a restructuring of the agricultural space and for keeping people in the field. The most visible and most significant changes were the reduction of the land concentration, replacing the hitherto predominant monoculture for polyculture of food, and the implementation of public policies to fulfill the basic needs of the settled population. From these, several other changes were emerging. Facing the challenges still present in the settlements, it was possible to verify that the peasantry that reproduces itself in the municipality does that autonomously, because regardless of the performance of mediating agents, peasants/settlers have sought and reached more dignified conditions of life. In this sense, the settlements can be evaluated as socially produced space, checking the non-occurrence of classical orthodox theories, according to which the peasantry would tend to disappear. Rather, the peasantry reproduces itself expressly, as noted in heterodox theory. / Partindo do resgate da luta camponesa pela terra e pela vida na terra, este trabalho consiste em analisar o desempenho social e econômico dos assentamentos rurais de reforma agrária de responsabilidade do INCRA do município de Areia, no Brejo Paraibano. Objetiva-se com esta análise, verificar se o campesinato que se reproduz atualmente no município, o faz de maneira autônoma. A autonomia aqui retratada não está relacionada a independência dos mercados, ou a qualquer tipo de instituição, e tampouco ao rompimento com as relações de exploração do sistema capitalista, mas em um conceito definido por Campos (2006), fundamentado em alguns pontos centrais como: identidade própria, permitindo a auto reprodução através de suas próprias lideranças; amplo conhecimento da origem de todos os problemas atualmente presentes no assentamento; rompimento com o próprio mundo, buscando a igualdade de participação e; capacidade de lutar contra qualquer tipo de política que venha a comprometer a reprodução camponesa. Diante da impossibilidade de um estudo aprofundado, dissociado do contexto histórico no qual os assentamentos estão inseridos, tornou-se necessário analisar o processo de produção, evolução e configuração atual do espaço agrário do município de Areia. Para isto, alguns procedimentos teóricos e metodológicos foram utilizados, tais como: revisão bibliográfica, levantamento de dados secundários, pesquisa de campo, organização do banco de dados, elaboração gráfica através do programa Microsoft Excel, e a análise dos resultados, para a qual se utilizou a estatística descritiva. Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível verificar uma transformação na estrutura agrária do município de Areia ao longo do tempo e, concluir que a criação de assentamentos no município, contribuiu para uma reestruturação do espaço agrário e para a fixação do homem no campo. As transformações mais visíveis e mais significativas foram: a redução da concentração fundiária, a substituição da monocultura até então predominante pela policultura alimentar, e a implementação de políticas públicas voltadas para atender as necessidades básicas da população assentada. A partir dessas, várias outras transformações foram emergindo. Diante dos desafios ainda presentes nos assentamentos, foi possível verificar que o campesinato que se reproduz no município, se reproduz de maneira autônoma, pois independente do desempenho dos agentes mediadores, os camponeses/assentados tem buscado e alcançado à sua forma, condições de vida mais dignas. Neste sentido, avalia-se os assentamentos como espaços socialmente produzidos, verificando a não concretização das teorias ortodoxas clássicas, segundo as quais o campesinato tenderia ao desaparecimento. Pelo contrário, o campesinato se reproduz de maneira expressiva, conforme ressalta a teoria heterodoxa.

The rural west in this country faces increased national pressure concerning the iii management of natural resources on public lands. Issues regarding natural resource management are becoming more important as they continue to affect rural communities and capture the attention of a variety of interest groups. Natural resource managers are increasingly required to consider social dimensions of resource use and management. Lack of consideration in these areas can lead to dissatisfied, and even hostile, local residents and interest groups. Often land managers face criticism from many groups at once as a result of management decisions. This study analyzed a particular resource issue in a particular region of the west: grazing management in Catron County, New Mexico. The findings indicate a complex social structure with an historical base in natural resource dependence, and a personal independence from highly regulated grazing management. Changes in national legislation and changes in the Forest Service over time have contributed to the erosion of relationships between the Forest Service and ranchers and environmentalists. A socially informed, pragmatic and proactive approach to grazing management is currently lacking in Catron County.

A indústria de infra-estrutura brasileira que produz, transporta e distribui a eletricidade, como parte integrante da cadeia da indústria elétrica, tem sido submetida, historicamente, a um movimento de permanente mudança em sua estrutura organizacional de produção. Estas, comumente, têm acontecido no interior de discussões realizadas nos meios empresariais, políticos - inclusive com a participação das burocracias de estado - e acadêmicos. De um modo geral, a classe trabalhadora sempre esteve ausente e nunca foi convidada a participar dos debates de como organizar a indústria de eletricidade. Aparentemente, as idéias vencedoras em cada época, acabam determinando a estrutura organizacional para aquele período histórico. Sinteticamente é comum caracterizar a evolução desta indústria em três grandes movimentos históricos. Primeiro, no princípio, quando é organizada a partir de investidores privados. Segundo, o período de grande expansão, quando a indústria de eletricidade é desenvolvida pelo Estado. Terceiro, o atual movimento de mudança, vem sendo reorganizada no sentido de retorná-la na totalidade ao controle privado. Em geral, estes movimentos de mudanças da indústria de eletricidade têm sido explicados, como resultado de tendências externas ideais, manifestadas por novas concepções organizacionais que visam o aperfeiçoamento da indústria de eletricidade, enquanto um bem para toda a sociedade. Dentro deste contexto, este estudo - \"REFORMAS NA INDÚSTRIA ELÉTRICA BRASILEIRA: A DISPUTA PELAS \'FONTES\' E O CONTROLE DO TRABALHO EXCEDENTE\" - tem a pretensão de compreender o passado e o presente das mudanças na indústria de eletricidade brasileira segundo a perspectiva da Economia Política em Marx. Os aspectos ligados à natureza, as técnicas e as tecnologias relacionadas à indústria de eletricidade são abordados enquanto manifestações da forma social da produção capitalista. A análise das relações e das contradições surgidas na produção/circulação - em geral, manifestas em crises que se propagam para a quase totalidade da produção - e no movimento de mudanças da indústria elétrica permite identificar, quais as principais forças econômicas atuantes e suas respectivas estratégias nos cenários de luta/controle pelo trabalho excedente. / The industry of infrastructure that Brazil produces, transports and distributes electricity, as integrant part of the chain of the electric industry, has been submitted, historically, to a movement of permanent change in its organizational structure of production. These usually have happened in the interior of quarrels carried through in the enterprise ways, politicians - also with the participation of bureaucracies of states - and academics. In a general way, the working class always was absent and nor was invited to participate of the quarrels of as to organize the electricity industry. Apparently, the winning ideas at each time, finish determining the organizational structure for that historical period. Synthetically is common to characterize the evolution of this industry in three great historical movements. First, in the principle of industry, when it is organized from private investors. Second, the period of great expansion, when the electricity industry is developed by the State. Third, the current movement of change, comes being reorganized in the direction to return it in the totality to the private control. In general, these movements of changes of the electricity industry have been explained, as resulted of ideal external trends, revealed for new organizational conceptions that aim the improvement of the electricity industry, while a good for all the society. Inside of this scene, this study - \"REFORMS IN THE BRAZILIAN ELECTRIC INDUSTRY: THE DISPUTE FOR `SOURCES\' AND THE CONTROL OF THE EXCEEDING LABOUR\" - the pretension has to understand the past and the present of the changes in the industry of according to perspective Brazilian electricity of the Economy Politics in Marx. On aspects to the nature, the techniques and the technologies related to the electricity industry are boarded while manifestations of the social form of the capitalist production. The analysis of the relations and the contradictions appeared in the production/circulation - in general, manifest in crises that if propagate almost for the totality of the production - and in the movement of changes of the electric industry allows to identify to which the main operating economic forces and its respective strategies in the fight scenes of control for the exceeding labour

A indústria de infra-estrutura brasileira que produz, transporta e distribui a eletricidade, como parte integrante da cadeia da indústria elétrica, tem sido submetida, historicamente, a um movimento de permanente mudança em sua estrutura organizacional de produção. Estas, comumente, têm acontecido no interior de discussões realizadas nos meios empresariais, políticos - inclusive com a participação das burocracias de estado - e acadêmicos. De um modo geral, a classe trabalhadora sempre esteve ausente e nunca foi convidada a participar dos debates de como organizar a indústria de eletricidade. Aparentemente, as idéias vencedoras em cada época, acabam determinando a estrutura organizacional para aquele período histórico. Sinteticamente é comum caracterizar a evolução desta indústria em três grandes movimentos históricos. Primeiro, no princípio, quando é organizada a partir de investidores privados. Segundo, o período de grande expansão, quando a indústria de eletricidade é desenvolvida pelo Estado. Terceiro, o atual movimento de mudança, vem sendo reorganizada no sentido de retorná-la na totalidade ao controle privado. Em geral, estes movimentos de mudanças da indústria de eletricidade têm sido explicados, como resultado de tendências externas ideais, manifestadas por novas concepções organizacionais que visam o aperfeiçoamento da indústria de eletricidade, enquanto um bem para toda a sociedade. Dentro deste contexto, este estudo - \"REFORMAS NA INDÚSTRIA ELÉTRICA BRASILEIRA: A DISPUTA PELAS \'FONTES\' E O CONTROLE DO TRABALHO EXCEDENTE\" - tem a pretensão de compreender o passado e o presente das mudanças na indústria de eletricidade brasileira segundo a perspectiva da Economia Política em Marx. Os aspectos ligados à natureza, as técnicas e as tecnologias relacionadas à indústria de eletricidade são abordados enquanto manifestações da forma social da produção capitalista. A análise das relações e das contradições surgidas na produção/circulação - em geral, manifestas em crises que se propagam para a quase totalidade da produção - e no movimento de mudanças da indústria elétrica permite identificar, quais as principais forças econômicas atuantes e suas respectivas estratégias nos cenários de luta/controle pelo trabalho excedente. / The industry of infrastructure that Brazil produces, transports and distributes electricity, as integrant part of the chain of the electric industry, has been submitted, historically, to a movement of permanent change in its organizational structure of production. These usually have happened in the interior of quarrels carried through in the enterprise ways, politicians - also with the participation of bureaucracies of states - and academics. In a general way, the working class always was absent and nor was invited to participate of the quarrels of as to organize the electricity industry. Apparently, the winning ideas at each time, finish determining the organizational structure for that historical period. Synthetically is common to characterize the evolution of this industry in three great historical movements. First, in the principle of industry, when it is organized from private investors. Second, the period of great expansion, when the electricity industry is developed by the State. Third, the current movement of change, comes being reorganized in the direction to return it in the totality to the private control. In general, these movements of changes of the electricity industry have been explained, as resulted of ideal external trends, revealed for new organizational conceptions that aim the improvement of the electricity industry, while a good for all the society. Inside of this scene, this study - \"REFORMS IN THE BRAZILIAN ELECTRIC INDUSTRY: THE DISPUTE FOR `SOURCES\' AND THE CONTROL OF THE EXCEEDING LABOUR\" - the pretension has to understand the past and the present of the changes in the industry of according to perspective Brazilian electricity of the Economy Politics in Marx. On aspects to the nature, the techniques and the technologies related to the electricity industry are boarded while manifestations of the social form of the capitalist production. The analysis of the relations and the contradictions appeared in the production/circulation - in general, manifest in crises that if propagate almost for the totality of the production - and in the movement of changes of the electric industry allows to identify to which the main operating economic forces and its respective strategies in the fight scenes of control for the exceeding labour

No / Trust management in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) has become a significant issue in securing routing protocols to choose reliable and trusted paths. Trust is used to cope with defection problems of nodes and stimulate them to cooperate. However, trust is a highly complex concept because of the subjective nature of trustworthiness, and has several social properties, due to its social origins. In this paper, a friendship-based trust model is proposed for MANETs to secure routing protocol from source to destination, in which multiple social degrees of friendships are introduced to represent the degree of nodes' trustworthiness. The model considers the behaviour of nodes as a human pattern to reflect the complexity of trust subjectivity and different views. More importantly, the model considers the dynamic differentiation of friendship degree over time, and utilises both direct and indirect friendship-based trust information. The model overcomes the limitation of neglecting the social behaviours of nodes when evaluating trustworthiness. The empirical analysis shows the greater robustness and accuracy of the trust model in a dynamic MANET environment.

The dissertation underlines an approach towards mission, where the epistemology, hermeneutical key and methodology centre around relationship. This, by tracing trends in the pastoral context, verified through research and an analysis of congregational surveys. The results were then analysed in terms of biblical revelation (the creation narratives, God's covenental relationship with Israel, Christ as the New Israel, Christ's missiological methodology and an understanding of the Holy Trinity). The resulis were then also brought into conversation with recent developments in science, recognising the interdependence of all things, and also exploring recent definitions of mission. The study then grapples with a new way of engaging in theology. This new model simultaneously promotes the symbiotic nature of theologies, while placing them within the framework of relational objectives; using dialogue as medium, Holland and Henriot's Social Analysis and quantifiable relationship goals to engender a theological process accessible to people from all contexts and backgrounds. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

O Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) vem sofrendo medidas governamentais que dificultam sua implementação como, por exemplo, seu desfinanciamento. Consideramos a participação e o controle social como uma força na luta pela melhoria e manutenção da saúde como direito de todos e dever do estado. Um dos espaços legitimados da participação e do controle social são os Conselhos Locais de Saúde (CLS), que visam atender as demandas e necessidades de saúde da população que reside na área de abrangência das unidades básicas de saúde. Para os trabalhadores de saúde, em especial o profissional enfermeiro, que tem ocupado espaços de gerência, é importante seu conhecimento sobre esta temática, para a defesa do SUS. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa descritiva-exploratória, que utilizou alguns conceitos da análise institucional, linha sócio analítica, tais como: instituição, instituinte e processo de institucionalização. Teve por objetivo geral analisar os modos de funcionamento dos CLS em um município do estado de São Paulo sob a ótica do referencial teórico; e como objetivos específicos caracterizar os CLS em relação ao perfil dos participantes e duração das reuniões, bem como analisar se os achados em pesquisa realizada nas escolas francesas iluminam o modo de funcionamento dos CLS. Foram selecionados dois CLS, por meio dos critérios de inclusão e foram eles os dois mais antigos, com reuniões mensais e em vigor durante a produção dos dados. Para essa produção foram utilizadas a observação nas reuniões e atividades dos CLS, contato com as atas e entrevistas com questões semiestruturadas, afim de identificar os modos de funcionamento dos CLS. Foram entrevistados 28 participantes, dentre eles, 24 membros do CLS e 4 informantes-chave; as entrevistas foram gravadas em mídia digital e posteriormente transcritas na íntegra. Foi utilizado registro de impressões, sentimentos e expectativas no diário de pesquisa. Os dados foram organizados pelas proposições de Paille e Mucchielli, seguindo as etapas interrelacionadas: transcrição, transposição e reconstituição. O material foi analisado confrontando os objetivos e o referencial teórico. Os resultados foram apresentados em categorias e subcategorias, sendo elas: I- Os Conselhos Locais de Saúde: composição, atividades realizadas e livros-ata; II - Relações no conselho, como subcategorias à relação do conselheiro com a função, a visão dos conselheiros e gerentes, representar e ser representado, e a relação entre gestores e conselheiros; e III - Controle Social explícito e implícito. Os CLS surgiram com um movimento instituinte e ao serem institucionalizados conjugam os modos instituídos de participação como a hierarquização e os jogos de interesse. Concluímos que os CLS funcionam na perspectiva mais de satisfazer os projetos individuais aos coletivos, há valorização de sua permanência para benefício da unidade de saúde, do gerente e para atender aos requisitos de avaliação do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade. Foi observada a materialização das relações hierárquicas presente na sociedade brasileira e que reproduzem relações históricas servindo a interesses restritos. A pesquisa na França ilumina os achados nos CLS brasileiro com a questão da proximidade sociocultural entre os gerentes, trabalhadores e os conselheiros / Some governmental measures, such as underfunding, have made it harder to implement the Unified Health System (UHS). However, social participation and control are powerful weapons in the fight for a better public healthcare and its maintenance as a right to every citizen and a duty of the State. The Local Health Councils (LHC) are one of the legal places for social participation and control that seeks to attend the demands and health needs of the population residing in the area of coverage of the basic health units. Health professionals, especially nurse practitioners, who occupy management positions, must have an understanding of these organizations in order to defend SUS. The present study is a qualitative and descriptive exploratory research that used some concepts of institutional analysis, socio-analytic line, and institutionalization process. The general purpose of this study was to analyze the modes of operation of the LHC in a city of the State of São Paulo under the perspective of the theoretical reference. The specific objectives was to characterize the LHC (concerning the profile of the participants and duration of the meetings) as well as to analyze if findings of researches carried out in French schools would help to understand the way that the LHC works. Two LHC were selected using the inclusion criteria: the oldest with monthly meetings during the production of the data. Data were collected by the observation of meetings and activities of the LHC, evaluation of documents and interviews with semi-structured questions, in order to identify the modes of operation of the LHC. 28 participants were interviewed, including 24 LHC members and 4 key informants. The interviews were recorded on digital media and later completely transcribed. Impressions, feelings and expectations were registered and used in the research diary. The data were organized by the propositions of Paille and Mucchielli, following the interrelated stages: transcription, transposition and reconstitution. The material was analyzed confronting the objectives and the theoretical reference. The results were presented in categories and subcategories, as follows: I- The Local Health Councils: composition, activities and documents; II - Relationships in the council, as subcategories the relationship of the advisor with the function, the vision of the advisors and managers, to represent and be represented, and the relationship between managers and advisors; and III - Explicit and implicit Social Control. The LHC emerged as an institutional movement and when they were institutionalized, they combine some modes of participation like hierarchy and games of interest. It was found that the CLS works more in the perspective of individual projects than collective projects. There is an interest of its permanence to benefit the health unit, the advisor and to meet the evaluation requirements of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality. It was also observed the materialization of hierarchical relations present in Brazilian society that reproduce a historical relation of serving personal interests. The research made in French schools helps to understand the Brazilian LHC concerning sociocultural proximity between managers, workers and advisors