Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline Aparecida Silva Lima.pdf: 2238503 bytes, checksum: faf18221a04b59fb6f022635be51ce17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation deals with the study of implantation process of Reference Centers of Social Assistance (CRAS), provided in National Policy on Social Assistance (PNAS) and Unified System of Social Assistance (SUAS) in 2004. The research carried out a survey and analysis of trajectory of the new policy of social assistance officers through studies conducted by Ministry of Social Development, National Council of Social Assistance and Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, noting the changes, advances and limits of this movement. Discusses the scientific - theses and dissertations - specific to the deployment process of CRAS in some cities and regions of Brazil, raising their particularities and homogeneities, the new practices and meanings entered this area from SUAS and PNAS. Presents an analysis of gaps between idealized and realized in implantation and operation of CRAS, looking for data and grants that demonstrate the leading role of this unit in realization and materiality of PNAS in the cities. The study revealed the heterogeneity of this process and some directions that are pointed in the operationalization of the CRAS from studies, research and professional practices. The investigation found that the CRAS actually identify themselves as the most tangible expression of the new policy of social work in the cities / Esta dissertação trata do estudo do processo de implantação dos Centros de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS), previstos na Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS) e no Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS) de 2004. A pesquisa faz um levantamento e análise da trajetória da nova política de assistência social por meio de estudos oficiais realizados pelo Ministério de Desenvolvimento Social, Conselho Nacional de Assistência Social e pela Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), constatando as mudanças, os avanços e limites desse movimento. Aborda a produção científica teses e dissertações específicas ao processo de implantação dos CRAS em alguns municípios e regiões brasileiras, levantando suas particularidades e homogeneidades, as novas práticas e significados introduzidos nessa área a partir da PNAS e do SUAS. Apresenta uma análise das lacunas entre o idealizado e o concretizado na implantação e funcionamento dos CRAS, buscando dados e subsídios que evidenciem o papel protagonista dessa unidade na efetivação e materialidade da PNAS nos municípios. O estudo revelou a heterogeneidade desse processo e algumas direções que são apontadas na operacionalização dos CRAS a partir de estudos, pesquisas e práticas profissionais. A investigação verificou que os CRAS identificam-se como a maior expressão real da nova Política de Assistência Social nos municípios

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sindely Chahim de Avellar Alchorne.pdf: 1966825 bytes, checksum: 8282b394b541062715e91af04d430042 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-20 / The present search makes an analysis of the politics of Social Assistance in Brazil from 1993 to 2012, of LOAS - Organic Law of Social Assistance to present days, from the reality of two big cities Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. It passes the trajetory of national norms: National Politics of Social Assistance (PNAS) Basic Operational norms of Social Assistance (NOB).The exam of norms from the reality of the two biggest cities of the country: Rio de Janeiro ans São Paulo let to create questions about the operation of the politics of social assistance from the Municipal Secretaries responsible for this politics. It also gives importance to Municipal Plans of Social Assistance and Work Relatories, like instruments used in these norms and that make sure (or it must make sure) the social control and the popular participation. There is a cronic question in politics of social assistance: no systematization and because of this no knowledge of its historic trajetory. There are no studies, analysis, searches and documents about a recent history in the country. This way the search goes with the problem of analmost absent history of politics of social assistance in the country. I defend the thesis that the form of SUAS (the only system of Social Assistance) has the support of a trajetory of fights, confronts and conquers, that can be seen in the two big metropolitan centers analysed: Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. National Fights do not take off local fights, on the contrary, they are on line and they give force in the search of the aim / A presente pesquisa realiza uma análise da Política de Assistência Social no Brasil, de 1993 a 2012, ou seja, da LOAS Lei Orgânica da Assistência Social aos dias atuais, a partir da realidade de duas metrópoles Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. Percorre a trajetória das normatizações nacionais: Políticas Nacionais de Assistência Social (PNAS) e Normas Operacionais Básicas de Assistência Social (NOB). O exame das normatizações a partir da realidade das duas maiores metrópoles do país: Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo permitem levantar questões acerca da operacionalização da política de assistência social a partir das Secretarias Municipais responsáveis por essa política. Considera-se, ainda, a elaboração dos Planos Municipais de Assistência Social e Relatórios de Gestão, como instrumentos previstos nessas normatizações e que asseguram (ou devem assegurar) o controle social e a participação popular. Tem-se uma questão crônica na política de assistência social: a não sistematização e, por consequência, o não reconhecimento da sua trajetória histórica. Faltam estudos, análises, pesquisas e documentos que tratem de uma história ainda recente no país. Assim, percorre a pesquisa a inquietação com a quase ausente história da política de assistência social no país. Defendo a tese de que o formato da PNAS/04 e do SUAS (Sistema Único de Assistência Social) respalda-se em uma trajetória de lutas, embates e conquistas, que podem ser percebidos nos dois grandes centros metropolitanos analisados: Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. Lutas nacionais não descartam lutas locais, pelo contrário, alinham-se e realimentam-se no alcance de objetivos

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amanda Eufrasio.pdf: 1231252 bytes, checksum: cd03708816ee085827aa5cb942a7f96d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / nowadays is what this research is focused on.It was based on the assumption that conservative practices (re) update under Social Service, that we aimed in this research in order to grasp ways of being conservative when executing the profession, more specifically, in the area of social assistanceFor this, besides the literature survey on the topic, the research went on based on qualitative methodology by conducting semi structured interviews with five social workers (randomly selected) who work in Reference Centers for Social Welfare (CRAS), in four cities on the Alto Tiete area, in Sao Paulo, being: Santa Isabel, Aruja, Mogi das Cruzes e Guararema. These people were picked according to the population dynamics of their cities and the consolidation degree of the work with families under social assistancein the first chapter; we go on social-historical meanings of the conservatism and its impact on the profession of Social Work.In the second chapter, we situate the context in which they develop social policies nowadays and we cover the main features of social assistance policy in Brazil today.In the third chapter, we analyze the data collected.As a part of the research results, we figured that: 1. 1 There are positive changes in ways of understanding who are the families that seek for social assistance, but stigmas and prejudices on these people are still shown in professional execution; 2 - the way professionals look upon the people that make use of the social assistance and the possibilities of facing social is influenced by conservative tendencies as the politicization of the meaning of poverty; 3 families are disciplined to keep a satisfactory performance during their participation on the income transfers programs; 4 The social work with families through the Protection Service and Integral Care of Family (PAIF) is presented as an attempt to break in with conservative practices in this sphere of professional activity and some (as) professionals take ownership of these service proposals to face the effects of the conservatism of the professional; 5 families are educated to achieve autonomy, which revealed the positive aspects in the sense of deconstruct welfare practices and to give poor families access to their rights and the policies and public services, as well as claiming their improvement.However, the survey also showed a tendency to individualize problems that are social responsibility and, increasingly, families for their poverty condition / A investigação das expressões do conservadorismo no trabalho com famílias executado por assistentes sociais na contemporaneidade constitui o foco da presente pesquisa. Foi com base no pressuposto de que práticas conservadoras se (re) atualizam no âmbito do Serviço Social, que tivemos como objetivo nesta pesquisa apreender modos de ser conservador no exercício da profissão, mais especificamente, no campo da assistência social. Para isso, além da pesquisa bibliográfica realizada sobre a temática, a pesquisa apoiou-se em metodologia qualitativa através da realização de entrevistas individuais semi-estruturadas com cinco assistentes sociais (selecionadas aleatoriamente) que atuam em Centros de Referência da Assistência Social (CRAS), em quatro municípios da região Alto Tietê, em São Paulo, sendo eles: Santa Isabel, Arujá, Mogi das Cruzes e Guararema. Estes sujeitos foram selecionados de acordo com a dinâmica populacional de seus municípios e o grau de consolidação do trabalho desenvolvido com famílias no âmbito da assistência social. No primeiro capítulo, tratamos dos significados sócio-históricos do conservadorismo e os seus reflexos na profissão de Serviço Social. No segundo capítulo, situamos o contexto em que se desenvolvem as políticas sociais na atualidade e tratamos das principais características da política de assistência social hoje no Brasil. No terceiro capítulo, realizamos a análise dos dados coletados. Como parte dos resultados da pesquisa, destacamos: 1. há mudanças positivas nas formas de compreender quem são as famílias que procuram a assistência social, mas estigmas e preconceitos com relação a essas pessoas ainda se revelam na prática profissional; 2. a leitura que profissionais fazem do público usuário da assistência social e das possibilidades de enfrentamento da questão social sofre a influência de tendências conservadoras como a despolitização do significado da pobreza; 3. famílias são disciplinadas para manter um desempenho satisfatório durante a sua participação nos programas de transferência de renda; 4. o trabalho social com famílias através do Serviço de Proteção e Atendimento Integral à Família (PAIF) se apresenta como uma tentativa de romper com práticas conservadoras nessa esfera de atuação profissional e alguns (as) profissionais se apropriam das propostas deste serviço para lutar contra as incidências do conservadorismo na profissão; 5. as famílias são educadas para a conquista de autonomia, o que nos revelou aspectos positivos no sentido de desconstruir práticas assistencialistas e propiciar às famílias pobres o acesso à direitos e às políticas e serviços públicos, assim como a reivindicação de sua melhoria. Porém, a pesquisa demonstrou também a tendência de individualizar problemas que são sociais e de responsabilizar, cada vez mais, as famílias por sua condição de pobreza

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angela das Gracas Oliveira Santos.pdf: 818195 bytes, checksum: 5f87ba93d03354b1929943989be14842 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work comes from the participation of the user in everyday services the Social Assistance Reference Center (Cras) in the city of Poções / BA. Analyzes the socio-historical-cultural context of people accessing the services of Cras, named users and users of the Unified Social Assistance System (Suas), to identify what they think about participation and that participation is this. These thematic guide this work glimpsing possibilities of different forms of participation. It is based on observations, documents and literature surveys and interviews with users , aimed to contribute to the effectiveness of one of the principles of the National Social Assistance Policy (PNAS) related to participation in social control spaces for. advance in social assistance policy. Resulting in an analysis of the understanding of users, the research subjects, in relation to a share linked to the feeling of joy and acceptance, beyond the walls of Cras, which enables service improvements, expansion of rights and overcoming paradigms of social assistance, as concludes. this survey / Este trabalho trata da participação da(o) usuária(o) no cotidiano dos serviços do Centro de Referência de Assistência Social (Cras) do Município de Poções/BA. Analisa o contexto sócio-histórico-cultural das pessoas que acessam os serviços do Cras, denominadas usuárias e usuários do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (Suas), para identificar o que pensam sobre participação e que participação é essa. Essas temáticas norteiam este trabalho vislumbrando possibilidades de diferentes formas de participação. Está fundamentado nas observações, pesquisas documental e bibliográfica e entrevistas com as(os) usuárias(os), objetivando contribuir com a efetividade de um dos princípios da Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS) relacionado à participação nos espaços de controle social para o avanço na política de Assistência Social. Resultando em uma análise da compreensão dos usuários, sujeitos da pesquisa, em relação a uma participação ligada ao sentimento de alegria e acolhimento, para além dos muros do Cras, que possibilita melhorias dos serviços, ampliação de direitos e superação de paradigmas da assistência social, conforme conclui a pesquisa

Cette thèse a pour objet la régulation de la pauvreté au Brésil dans le cadre du Programme « Bolsa Família », une politique sociale de transferts conditionnels de revenus qui cristallise de manière exemplaire le débat et l’expérience vécue de la pauvreté au Brésil. On y explique comment les mécanismes de régulation de la pauvreté interagissent avec les pratiques locales de citoyenneté. En effet, l’accès des pauvres aux droits sociaux et l’exercice de leurs droits politiques sont l’objet d’un processus de régulation par les valeurs familiales dans un contexte de fortes inégalités sociales. Au-delà du fait que l’aide sociale dépende de l’organisation familiale, la mise en œuvre du Programme « Bolsa Família » se fait selon des règles informelles, reflétant les représentations sociales dominantes de la pauvreté au Brésil. De plus, l’octroi des allocations sociales dépend en partie de rapports personnels entre les bénéficiaires et les élus et les candidats politiques. Ces relations varient selon un répertoire d’évaluation des candidats politiques par les bénéficiaires du programme. Ce travail s’appuie sur une étude de cas dans la région Nordeste du Brésil — dans une municipalité moyenne de l’État du Ceará. Une approche ethnographique a permis l’identification de la logique de fonctionnement d’une machine politico-électorale impliquant assistance sociale, élus, assistantes sociales et bénéficiaires. De façon plus générale, cette thèse étudie les interactions qui lient les pauvres à l’ensemble de la société, sous l’angle localisé des enjeux contemporains de la régulation de la pauvreté, et contribue à l’étude de l’utilisation politico-électorale de l’assistance sociale. / This thesis’ object is the poverty regulation in Brazil within the framework of the ‘Bolsa Família’ Programme, a conditional cash transfer social policy assembling several elements of the debate and the experience of poverty in Brazil. This work explains how the mechanisms of poverty regulation interact with local citizenship practices. In effect, the access of the poor to social rights and the exercise of their political rights are both object of a process of regulation by family values ​​in a context of strong social inequalities. Beyond the fact that social assistance depends on family organisation, the implementation of the ‘Bolsa Família’ Programme is based on informal rules, reflecting the dominant social representations of poverty in Brazil. In addition, the allocation of social benefits depends in part on personalised rapports between the programme’s beneficiaries and political candidates and elected representatives. This work is based on a case study in the Northeast region of Brazil—in a middle-sized municipality of the Ceará state. An ethnographic approach allowed the identification of the logic of operation of a political machine involving social assistance, elected officials, social workers and beneficiaries. More generally, this thesis examines the interactions between the poor and the society as a whole, from a local perspective of contemporary issues of poverty regulation and contributes to the study of the political and electoral use of social assistance.

Recent literature in various practical fields calls for a 'relational approach' to social justice, as a theoretical alternative that transcends limitations with liberal contractarianism to offer more penetrating analysis of social justice. I critically engage literature from radical intellectual-political traditions such as Marxism, feminism, and critical race theory to propose what can - and can't - form the basis of a cogent relational critique of liberalism and an alternative positive account. I hone this through dialogue with Rawlsian 'justice as fairness', as well as more recent developments such as relational egalitarianism. The most distinguishing feature of a relational approach is ontological: its social-theoretic account of injustice comprises supra-individual phenomena - relations, social groups, structure, historical causality - as opposed to individual locations hosting portions of a distribuend. Moreover, I define an intermediate position in the ideal vs non-ideal theory debate, arguing that a persuasive relational approach would 'start from injustice'; it would identify the primary desideratum incumbent on social justice theory as being that it enhances understanding of real injustice and thereby informs counteraction. One upshot is a closer relationship between political philosophy and social theory; in turn this reflects how a relational approach to social justice can enjoy symbiosis with the broader 'relational turn' in humanities and social sciences. The argument is furthered through exemplificatory reference to the empirical context of Brazil's post-redemocratisation experimentation with participatory democracy in the social assistance sector, as an aspect of the country's putative 'new social contract'.

Social assistance programmes (SAPs), understood as non-contributory transfers aimed at ad-dressing poverty, have spread in developing countries since the late 1990s. National govern-ments in Latin America have sought to extend the coverage of SAPs through human devel-opment conditional cash transfer programmes (CCTs). CCTs share several implementation features. First, they employ targeting and selection methods based on means, and proxy means, tests. Research on targeting and selection methods has evolved hand in hand with the adoption of CCTs in Latin America, Africa and South East Asia. Second, CCTs involve the provision of cash transfers directly to households, but with conditions attached to human development objectives. Transfers are given to households in poverty contingent on investment in the human capital formation of their children. A third feature relates to the presence of programme exit conditions. To date, scarce research is available on the design and outcomes associated with exit condi-tions from CCTs. This thesis thus contributes to the literature in the implementation of SAPs by providing a critical examination of exit conditions in SAPs with specific emphasis on CCTs. The thesis provides a systematic theoretical and empirical analysis of the role of exit conditions in the implementation of CCTs. The thesis develops and tests two basic principles underlying the role of exit conditions. First, the exhausted-effectiveness principle suggests that the effectiveness of a CCT varies over time. The research reported in this examines the effectiveness of programme over time with the aim of identifying potential thresholds after which a given SAP's effectiveness de-clines. A two-period child human capital investment model is developed to study analytically the conditions in which programme effectiveness varies over time. This is examined empirically in order to demonstrate the existence of the time-varying effectiveness associated with the implementation of the Colombia's CCT, Familias en Accion. A continuous treatment effect model is estimated following Hirano and Imbens (2004), in which the length of exposure allows for the graphical analysis of dose-response functions. The results indicate that the design of SAPs must take account of time-varying effectiveness. Second, a principle of the non-recurrence of poverty states that beneficiaries should be able to exit an effective programme when two conditions apply: (i) they are not in poverty; and (ii) they face a low probability of becoming poor in the near future. This principle acknowledges the implications of poverty dynamics for the implementation of SAPs with a particular focus on exit conditions. This thesis characterises the poverty dynamics of beneficiary households through the estimation of a Markovian poverty transition model using data from the Familias en Accion programme. The findings from the empirical work suggest that programme participation should not end when households are non-poor, but attention must be paid to probabilities of recurrence, in order to secure non-recurrence in the near future. Taken together, the exhausted-effectiveness principle interacts with the non-recurrence of poverty principle in the sense that the first sets a maximum length of exposure to the intervention, while the second determines minimum levels of exposure.

O presente trabalho analisa a territorialização da sociedade civil no Conselho Municipal de Assistência Social de Porto Alegre. A compreensão de que uma sociedade com maior equidade depende da ampla participação nas deliberações sobre as políticas e verbas públicas é o motor deste estudo, que a partir dos conceitos de cidadania, subjetividade, desenvolvimento sócio-espacial e horizontalidade estuda as atribuições dos conselheiros, os seus vínculos com as regiões da cidade e com a política de assistência social, bem como os motivos para exercerem o cargo, os dados sobre a assistência social na capital gaúcha e os suportes legais para as deliberações junto ao poder público. Os objetivos dessa pesquisa são de compreender quais os limites e potencialidades da participação da sociedade civil em espaços institucionais de deliberação sobre políticas e verbas públicas, analisando o modelo municipal de política participativa e refletir sobre estratégias para potencializar e ampliar a apropriação dos conselheiros dos meios para conquistarem suas demandas. Nele são realizadas entrevistas com os conselheiros das Comissões Regionais de Assistência Social (CORAS), espacialização de dados com a confecção de mapas e a leitura das atas do período de 2013 a 2015. / The present work analyses the territorialization of the civil society in the Social Assistance Municipal Council of Porto Alegre (CMAS). The understanding that a society with a high level of equity depends on a large participation in the decisions about public politics and money is the motivation for the study. It uses the concepts of citizenship, subjectivity, social-space development and horizontality to study the attribution of the council members, their bounds with the city regions and with the social assistance politics. It also researches the reasons for them to choose this kind of work, the data about social assistance in the city and the legal support to deliberations with the government in the council. The objectives of this research are to comprehend the limits and potentials of the participation of the civil society in institutional spaces of deliberation on public politics and money, analyzing the municipal model of public participation and reflect about strategies to amplify the appropriation of the council members to achieve their objectives. In it are made interviews with representations of the Regional Commissions of Social Assistance (CORAS), specialization of the data through maps and the reading of the record of the reunions of the council in the period of 2013 to 2015.

<p>The overarching aim of this dissertation is to study divergences in assessments of social assistance in Swedish social welfare offices. ‘Assessments’ here refers to whether applications for social assistance are granted or not, as well as the size of subsidies. Another aim with the dissertation is to explore whether differences in assessments have changed over time. A primary focus in this study is the importance of elements of changing character, e.g. varying organizational and individual conditions. Among these elements, the main focus is on the relation between organizational factors and professional discretion among social workers.</p><p>Primary data used for the study has been assembled among social workers (n=121) in eleven municipalities in the northern Stockholm area. The main section of the questionnaire used for assembling data consists of six vignettes, each describing a different situation. Data is supplemented with secondary material that derives from a similar study conducted in 1994.</p><p>Overall, findings show considerable divergences in the way social workers make their assessments. Some of the divergences are explained by different organizational conditions, e.g. varying levels of specialization and size of caseloads. Individual factors, such as sex, age and varying professional characteristics, e.g. work experience, influence the assessments only to a limited degree, while attitudes among social workers play a larger role. The study also indicates a substantial decrease in generosity over time. This might to some extent be explained by changed and elaborated set of regulations in the sphere of social assistance. Further, the individual divergences in assessments have increased over time. A plausible interpretation of the results is that an increasing number of regulations combined with professional discretion, entails a larger scope for social workers’ opinions and individual screening among rules.</p>

<p>Several Swedish studies have suggested that within the group of clients contacting social welfare offices for social assistance, approximately one third are having problems with heavy drinking. The overall aim of the dissertation was to study how social workers approach these problems in single, male clients. That is; are the drinking problems of these clients approached and if they are, when and why does this happen? The subject has been investigated in four studies. In study I (n=66) and II (n=103) social workers were to respond, in a written questionnaire, on how they would act on a hypothetical client described in vignettes. The results from these studies suggest that there is no consensus among social workers of how to act towards the clients drinking problem and that social workers personal values seem to influence their choice of action taken. In study III, data was collected from case files on male single clients in nine municipalities. Case files in which alcohol related notes were present (n=297) were investigated. The results indicate that social workers are more active as regards demands on clients to moderate or stop their alcohol consumption if the clients are able to work, than if they are not. Study IV was based on focus-group interviews in eight municipalities. In each municipality, a work group of social workers dealing with social assistance were interviewed on one occasion. The social workers approach to the client’s problems was described as a mobile point within a two-dimensional system. The legislative dimension concerned the clients’ right to be equally treated versus the right to have their application judged individually with every circumstance considered. The other dimension was related to traditional social work with the client’s integrity versus the need for support and control. The results were contextualised mainly from three aspects, the influence from raised demands on a “knowledge-based” practice, the prerequisites consistent of the specific frames for social work and changes in the public discourse constituting the frame of socially acceptable drinking habits.</p>