Poverty analysis has been confined to incidence studies in Turkey. In the last decade research has focused on poverty persistence referred to as &bdquo / new poverty

<p><p>The purpose of this study was to study and analyze in order to increase understanding of how social-secretaries choices and assessments described in the hypothetical situations that relate to families receiving social assistance welfare. The main issues we searched answer to each Mainly, we sought to answer the following questions: What considerations are made regarding the child's best interests in the handling process relating to social assistance and in what way is a childperspective taken into account in decision justification. Problem formulation can be summarized in the variety of decision making on welfare and vulnerability of poor children. In our approach to collecting empiri we used out of vignette-studies and interviews. We interviewed seven social secretaries from a social welfare unit. For our help in the analysis of the collected material, we have made use of Michael Lipskys streetlevel bureaucracy. The conclusion we came to was that the social secretaries agreed that there is disagreement how a child perspective is taken into account but all agree that the child's perspective must be addressed in some form in the management of social welfare.</p></p>

Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur socialsekreterare tolkar begreppet uppehållsrätt när EU-medborgare ansöker om försörjningsstöd. Intersektionellt perspektiv användes för att belysa maktförhållanden mellan socialsekreterare som representatner för svenska myndigheter och klienter med utländsk härkomst. I studien användes domar från svenska förvaltningsrätter som analyserades med kvalitativ diskursanalys. Resultat kategoriserades in i kategorier som rörde socialsekreteres tolkningar av uppehållsrätten, omständigheter avgörande för bedömning av uppehållsrätten och socialsekreterares tolkningar av EU-medborgares rätt till försörjningsstöd. Data om EU-medborgares medborgarskap och kön samlades in för att undersöka deras eventuella påverkan på utfall av ansökan om försörjningsstöd. Analys av resultat visade signifikant inkonsekvens i såväl socialsekreterares tolkningar av uppehållsrätten som i tillämpning av relevanta lagar. EU-medborgares rättigheter till försörjningsstöd nekades på grund av att EU-medborgare bedömdes vara "ekonomiskt icke aktiva personer" eller inte ansågs ha "en verklig möjlighet till att få anställning". Varken EU-medborgares medborgarskap eller kön kunde kopplas till utfall av deras ansökan om försörjningsstöd. / The purpose of this study was to examine how social workers interpret right of residence when EU-citizens apply for social assistance by claiming their residential rights. The intersectional perspective was used as a theoretical approach in order to illustrate power relationship between social workers as representatives for Swedish authorities and clients of foreign origin. Using appeal documents from Swedish administrative courts as a study material and a qualitative discourse analysis as a data collection method the results were classified into categories concerning social workers’ interpretations of right of residence, circumstances considered by social workers as crucial for right of residence and social workers interpretations of EU-citizens’ entitlement to social assistance. Data regarding EU-citizens’ nationalities and gender were collected in order to identify their possible influence on outcome of their applications. Analysis of results identified a significant inconsistency in social workers’ interpretations of right of residence as well as in application of the law. EU-citizens’ entitlement to social assistance was denied on terms of EU-citizens being “economically inactive persons” or not having “a real chance to get an employment”. Neither EU-citizens nationalities nor gender could be linked to outcomes of their applications for social assistance.

Šiandien dažna politikų diskusijų, žiniasklaidos pranešimų tema yra augantis vaikų agresyvumas, žiaurumas savo bendraamžių, mokytojų atžvilgiu, socialinė atskirtis. Pažymima, kad mokinių dvasiniam augimui ir lavinimuisi, socialinei integracijai neužtenka modernių mokymo(si) priemonių, naujų mokymo(si) programų ar socialinių projektų. Greta visų šių dalykų jiems taip pat reikalingas rūpestingas suaugusiojo palaikymas, geras jo pavyzdys, teikiama pagalba sunkiais gyvenimo etapais. Dažniausiai patekimą į socialinės atskirties rizikos grupę vaikai pajunta mokykloje, nors neretai tai lemia ir šeimos statusas visuomenėje ar pačios šeimos narių tarpusavio santykiai. Dažnai mokiniai, kurie praleidinėja pamokas ar jiems nesiseka, yra iš kitokios šeimos nei kiti mokiniai, neturi tam tikrų socialinių įgūdžių, greitai užklijuojama etiketė ir toks mokinys sulaukia socialinio pasmerkimo, atskyrimo. Socialinės atskirties rizikos grupėje esantiems mokiniams būdingos elgesio, emocinės ir mokymosi problemos, bendraamžių atstūmimas, socialinių įgūdžių trūkumas. Atsiranda poreikis tirti mokinių atskirties grupių mažinimo galimybes, teikiamą pagalbą ar jos galimybes mokiniams, esantiems socialinės atskirties rizikos grupėje. Tyrimo tikslas – identifikuoti socialinę pagalbą, teikiamą socialinės atskirties rizikoje esantiems mokiniams. Tikslui pasiekti pasirinktas kiekybinis tyrimas. Duomenų rinkimo metodas – anketinė apklausa. Apklausti 105 mokytojai, dirbantys gimnazijoje, vidurinėse ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Growing aggression of children, violence against peers and teachers and social exclusion are nowadays an important issue of political discussions and media reports. It is noticed that modern learning and teaching means, new learning and teaching programmes or social projects are not enough for spiritual growth and development of students and social integration. Together with these things students need attentive support from adults, their good example and assistance at difficult periods in life. Most often students face the risk of social exclusion at school although it also depends on the status of their family in the society or the relationship of their family members in the family. Often students who are absent from school or do not very well at school are from a different family than other students; they do not have particular social skills, are often given labels and can expect only exclusion and being branded. Behavioural, emotional and learning problems, peer alienation and lack of social skills are characteristic for students at risk of social exclusion. Therefore, there is an urgent need to analyse opportunities of reduction of social exclusion groups of students, provided assistance or its opportunities for students at risk of social exclusion. The aim of the research is to identify social assistance provided to students at risk of social exclusion. A qualitative research was carried out to achieve the aim. The method for data collection – a questionnaire. 105... [to full text]

Though the economic literature generally agrees on the positive labour supply effects of welfare reforms in the 1990s; there have been few studies that evaluate how these reforms might have affected employment outcomes of former and potential welfare recipients. This study fills this gap by using the 1993 Alberta welfare reform as a natural experiment. The 1993 and 1994 data from Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics show that welfare recipients and single mothers in Alberta were more likely to participate in the labour force and worked full-time for employers with multiple offices across Canada. Moreover, single mothers received lower wage rates if their employment started after the reform. After controlling for individual heterogeneity; however, single mothers were found to receive higher wage rates and less likely to work full-time. These findings suggest unobservable characteristics are also significant in determining employment outcomes of those affected by welfare reforms.

Baigiamajame bakalauro darbe nagrinėjama teikiama piniginė socialinė parama Lietuvoje, jos efektyvumas ir pateikiamos galimos tobulinimo kryptys. Teorinėje darbo dalyje aptariama socialinės paramos samprata, rūšys, teikimo principai, piniginės socialinės paramos skyrimo būdai ir pateikiama išmokų efektyvumo vertinimo metodika. Remiantis išanalizuota literatūra, atlikta piniginės socialinės paramos Lietuvoje analizė 2007-2012 m. laikotarpiu, bei pateikiamos galimos tobulinimo kryptys. Piniginių socialinių išmokų efektyvumas įvertintas, palyginant darbo užmokestį su gaunama socialine parama, bei skaičiuojant agreguotus išmokų efektyvumo ir rezultatyvumo rodiklius. Atlikus socialinės paramos efektyvumo analizę išsiaiškinta, kad dosniai ir lengvai skiriamos išmokos sumažina jų gavėjų paskatas ieškoti darbo, ar imtis mažai apmokamų darbų. Todėl konkretizuotos racionalesnio socialinės paramos išteklių naudojimo priemonės, kurias įgyvendinus, teikiama gyventojams parama taptų veiksmingesnė. / In Bachelor‘s degree thesis analyses provided social assistance in Lithuania, their effectiveness and possible improvement directions. In theoretical part of the paper, analyses conception, types and provision principles of social assistance, also financial social assistance techniques and benefits of efficiency assessment methodology is presented. According to reviewed literature, performed analysis of financial social assistance in Lithuania for 2007-2012 period, and possible improvement directions is presented. Efficiency of financial social assistance was assessed comparing with wage, obtained social assistance and by calculating of the aggregated indicators of efficiency and usefulness of allowances. Performed analyses of social assistance efficiency, found that financial social assistance is too easily given for generosity and easy to granting benefits reduces their incentives to users to look for work and financial social assistance resources is not used effectively enough. Moreover, more concretely rational social assistance resources usage ways, which realized social assistance become more efficiency.

SUMMARY New volunteering traditions have presently been emerging in Lithuania. Volunteer work complements the governmental network of social security as well as satisfies relevant demands of the society. Volunteers devote their own time to satisfy the needs of other people without any pay. They establish non-governmental organizations intended to render social assistance to different social groups of the population. The objective of this paper is aimed at optimizing volunteer activities in non-governmental organizations (NGO) which provide social assistance to children. The objective of the research is to theoretically and empirically develop the motivation of volunteers, to reveal the importance of their motivation and preparation to work with children optimizing the activities of NGOs. The content of the present research includes analytical survey of NGO volunteer activities: the concept of volunteer activities NGO in Lithuania; the target of volunteering if defined as children of risky group social development; motivation of volunteer activities and preparation to work with children. Motivation theories have also been reviewed as well as motivation factors inside the organization and training of volunteers. Results of research volunteer activities in NGOs have also been presented. The outcome of the research is the following: altruistic motives and the need to socialize stimulate volunteers to volunteering activities. The substance of volunteer needs is generally formed... [to full text]

What Places Adolescents and Adults, Respectively, in Need of Social Assistance?  A Qualitative Study of How Social Workers Whom Administrate Financial Assistance for Adolescents and Adults, Respectively, Describe Reasons Behind the Need of Social Assistance Amongst Their Clients The purpose of this essay was to study and compare how social workers whom administrate social assistance for adolescents and adults, respectively, describe reasons behind the need of social assistance amongst their clients. This was done due to the use of qualitative interviews with a total of six social workers. Of these six, three administrated social assistance for adolescents while the other three did the same for adults. Prior research of poverty attribution greatly inspired this essay. This research shows that public explanations for poverty vary from individualistic to structuralistic/social and fatalistic attributions. Research also argues that explanations amongst social workers, specifically, may constitute further attributions which are unique to that group and that can appear alongside the aforementioned attributions. The results of this essay showed that both groups of administrators explained the need of social assistance in similar ways. Although many of the mentioned reasons were similar, making up several of the aforementioned attributions, some of them varied between the groups. Furthermore, a new set of attributions emerged from one group of administrators. / Syftet med denna uppsats var att studera och jämföra hur socialsekreterare som handlägger ekonomiskt bistånd för ungdomar respektive vuxna beskriver orsaker till biståndsbehovet hos sina klienter. Detta genomfördes med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer med sex stycken socialsekreterare; tre ungdomshandläggare och tre vuxenhandläggare. Studien inspirerades till stor del av tidigare forskning om fattigdom, som bl.a. pekar på att fattigdom allmänt förklaras enligt tre olika förklaringsmodeller - individuella, strukturella/sociala eller fatalistiska sådana. Denna forskning visar också att det hos vissa socialarbetare kan finnas ytterligare förklaringsmodeller utöver de som nämnts ovan. I denna uppsats framkom att ungdoms- och vuxenhandläggarna i huvudsak förklarade biståndsbehovet genom att använda gemensamma förklaringsmodeller - både de mer allmänna och de övriga som förekommit bland socialarbetare. Vad gäller de specifika orsaker som lyftes upp var vissa gemensamma för båda handläggargrupperna medan andra endast förekom hos en av grupperna. Hos en av grupperna framkom dessutom en helt ny förklaringsmodell.

After the North American wave of “welfare reform” in the 1990s, much research has measured the success of the work-to-welfare model. Lone mothers as a group have proved a particularly intractable challenge to policies aimed at moving welfare recipients into the labour market and financial independence. The present dissertation focuses on lone mother welfare recipients and explores the processes they live as they receive and attempt to leave social assistance. This research adds to current scholarship by identifying factors that promote or frustrate the process of exiting social assistance, and by examining the effectiveness of policies and programs aimed at integrating these welfare recipients into the labour market. Concentrating on the welfare regime in Ontario, this dissertation explores the experiences of a diverse sample of thirty lone mothers participating in Ontario Works, the provincially-mandated work-to-welfare program. Each lone mother was interviewed annually for a series of four interviews. Focus groups with caseworkers provided insight into the lone mothers’ processes of attempting to leave social assistance, highlighting the differences between program design and program delivery. The dissertation asks three overarching research questions: What is the role of the provincial welfare regime in transitioning lone mothers from receipt of social assistance to paid employment? How did the lone mothers’ lives change over the study period? What elements facilitated exiting social assistance and what elements acted as obstacles or barriers? The research and analysis are shaped by three theoretical lenses; gender, social exclusion and social capital. The results highlight that there is no predictive factor: no profile emerged of the lone mother most likely to achieve independence. The research identifies “stayers”, “leavers” and three additional groups: “blenders”, “traders”, and “betweeners,” and establishes that while many exit the welfare stream, few did so because of financial independence. These results point to substantial inadequacies in the provincial work-to-welfare programming in addressing the particular needs of lone mothers. Gender neutral policies proved to overlook the key aspects to lone mothers’ experiences, such as their caregiving responsibilities and the realities of a labour market that stratifies based on gender. Lone mothers were effectively excluded from programs designed to increase bridging and linking social capital; such programs are only available to recipients who have succeeded in eliminating their barriers to joining the labour market. Bonding social capital, which is not targeted by Ontario Works and which depends on the personal resources of each woman, emerges as the key determinant of success in exiting, as it allows the lone mothers to overcome the caregiving challenge. The research also indicates that those without bonding social capital are those most likely to be socially excluded from multiple social realms.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 DissITMJ.pdf: 4301340 bytes, checksum: 0eb363ffab5f72f347b8ff9df19f5a1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Introduction: Aging accompanied by frailty can burden services in basic protection and primary care that assist the elderly population. Assessing the frailty in the elderly in a context of social vulnerability can contribute to the improvement of the quality of social facilities that care for the elderly. Objective: To analyze the frailty of elderly people living in neighborhoods with social vulnerability and enrolled in Social Care Referral Centers (CRAS) in relation to quality of life, cognition, family and external relations in a city in the interior of the State of São Paulo. Methods: Exploratory, comparative and transversal study, using the quantitative research method. This study used and expanded the database of the research entitled "The frailty of the elderly and the Basic Attention System of Social Assistance". In the study were: semi-structured evaluation; Edmonton Frailty Scale to check for frailty; Whoqol-bref and Whoqol-old to check the quality of life; The Montreal Cognitive Assessment for screening for cognitive impairment; Genogram to check the family relations and Ecomapa to check the external relations. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation test and comparison test of Mann-Whitney and Kruskal- Wallis groups. Results: Participated of the study 247 elderly people, with a mean age of 68.52 (dp = 7,28) years, 154 were white (57,49%), 109 married (44,13%), 109 catholic (61,13%), 137 retired (55,47%) and 133 with education of one to four years (53,85%). Regarding the level of frailty, 41,70% did not present frailty, 21,45% were vulnerable and 36,84% presented frailty at some level. Of the 247 participants, 58,29% lived in regions with high vulnerability. There was a negative correlation between the frailty and vulnerability (r:-0,4936;p:0,4936), quality of life (Whoqol-bref r:-0,50307;p<0,0001; Wholqol-old r:-0,43951;p<0,001) and cognition (r:-0,21690;p:0,0006). There was a statistically significant difference between the frailty and external relationship quantity (p<0,001). Conclusion: It was found that the frailty elderly lived in more vulnerable regions. Knowing the frailty of the elderly in a context of social vulnerability may help in the management and implementation of actions of public welfare services directed to this population segment. Frailty screening should be integrated into both services and research because the evaluation consists of alert for initial risk identification. / Introdução: O envelhecimento acompanhado de fragilidade pode sobrecarregar os serviços na proteção básica e atenção primária que assistem a população idosa. Avaliar a fragilidade em idosos em contexto de vulnerabilidade social pode contribuir com a melhoria de qualidade dos equipamentos sociais que atendam as pessoas idosas. Objetivo: Analisar a situação de fragilidade de idosos residentes em bairros com vulnerabilidade social e cadastrados em Centros de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS) em relação à qualidade de vida, cognição, relações familiares e externas em um município do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Métodos: Estudo exploratório, comparativo e transversal, com a utilização do método quantitativo de investigação. Este estudo utilizou e ampliou o Banco de Dados da pesquisa intitulada: “A fragilidade do idoso e o Sistema de Atenção Básica de Assistência Social”. No estudo foram empregados: entrevista semi-estruturada; Escala de Fragilidade de Edmonton para verificar a fragilidade; Whoqol-bref e Whoqol-old para verificar a qualidade de vida; The Montreal Cognitive Assessment para rastreio de comprometimento cognitivo; Genograma para verificar as relações familiares e Ecomapa para verificar as relações externas. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, teste de correlação de Spearman e teste de comparação de grupos Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 247 idosos, com média de idade de 68,52 (dp=7,28) anos, 154 brancos (57,49%), 109 casados (44,13%), 109 católicos (61,13%), 137 aposentados (55,47%) e 133 com escolaridade de um a quatro anos (53,85%). Quanto ao nível de fragilidade, 103 (41,70%) não apresentaram fragilidade, 53 (21,45%) se apresentaram vulneráveis e 91 (36,84%) apresentaram fragilidade em algum nível. Dos 247 participantes, 144 (58,29%) residiam em regiões com alta vulnerabilidade. Houve correlação negativa entre a fragilidade com a vulnerabilidade (r:-0,4936;p:0,4936), qualidade de vida (Whoqol-bref r:-0,50307;p<0,0001; Wholqol-old r:-0,43951;p<0,001) e cognição (r:-0,21690;p:0,0006). Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre a fragilidade e a quantidade de relações externas (p<0,001). Conclusão: Verificou-se que os idosos com fragilidade residiam em regiões mais vulneráveis. Conhecer a fragilidade de idosos em contexto de vulnerabilidade social poderá auxiliar na gestão e implementação de ações dos serviços públicos assistenciais direcionados para este segmento populacional. O rastreio de fragilidade deve ser integrado tanto em serviços quanto em pesquisas pois a avaliação consiste em alerta para identificação de risco inicial.