Although the benefits of supervision are known nowadays, it is still not applied in a number of fields. This concerns even such occupations where direct work with clients is the basis of work or voluntary activity (e.g. health care, school education and even some organisations providing services of social care etc.). This thesis first informs about supervision in general, i.e. about its history, objectives, functions and division. Further, it deals with the person of the supervisor, the supervised person, and their relationship. The theoretical part is finished with information on social services, volunteering and supervision of volunteer programmes in the field of medical and social care. In comparison with the supervision of providers of social services, this volunteer supervision should be different, and this difference should consist in its voluntary, not obligatory, character. This diploma thesis aims at describing specific features of supervision of volunteer programmes in the field of medical and social care. A partial objective is to find differences between providing and receiving supervisions in volunteer programmes and supervisions of organisations providing social services. The research was both quantitative and qualitative, included method of questioning, semi-standardised questionnaire and a guided interview. There were three hypotheses set in the thesis, two of which were confirmed and one disproved. Further, on the basis of her results, the author defines the specific character of the supervision of volunteer programmes. The author regards as the most important finding the fact that volunteers take part in supervision voluntarily and with pleasure, view it as beneficial a natural part of their volunteer activity. This is also the most essential difference between the volunteer supervision and the supervision provided by social services, where over 50 per cent of staffs view supervision as an obligatory part of their occupation, and a much higher percentage of the staffs in comparison with volunteers say that they do not regard supervision as a benefit for themselves. The author sees the applicability of this thesis in publishing her results in professional journals or in publishing on the web pages of the National Volunteer Centre, because so far almost nothing has been published on this subject.

Alors que le nombre et la proportion de personnes âgées de 60 ans et plus vont continuer de s'accroître dans les pays en voie de développent comme l'Iran au cours des prochaines décennies, l'augmentation de la demande et des dépenses de santé et particulièrement les soins de longue durée poseront les mêmes problèmes de santé publique auxquels les pays développées sont confrontés aujourd'hui.Face au vieillissement de la population marquée par la transition démographique, face à l'augmentation de la longévité et du nombre de personnes en situation de dépendance, de fragilité et de handicap, face à la réduction des possibilités d'aides familiales, les communautés et les nations s'engagent le plus souvent vers une augmentation des structures d'hébergement et de soins, puis reconsidèrent pour des questions économiques la prise en charge à domicile.L'accélération de la transition démographique sur une courte période pour les pays en développement comme l'Iran doit être alarmante pour leurs responsables politiques car aucune planification stratégique de ces impacts socio-économiques n'a été élaborée. Les baby-boomers de 1991-1996 en Iran arriveront à l âge de + de 60 ans vers 2050. Les iraniens et les autorités sociales ont 40 ans (Windows oppurtunity =fenêtre démographique «d'opportunité ») pour couvrir les besoins de cette population âgée. Bien que le vieillissement des personnes soit important le besoin de soins pour une partie d'entre eux le sera encore plus en raison d'une limitation dans leur autonomie quotidienne. La prévalence de l'incapacité va croître rapidement avec l'âge.Dans notre étude, nous concluons qu'en 2009, 136 personnes âgées de plus de 60 ans sur 10.000 habitants sont modérément ou très dépendantes (1.005.400 personnes en 2009). Cela signifie qu'ils ne peuvent pas faire leurs activités de la vie quotidienne et qu'ils ont besoin d'aide des autres. Ils ont besoin d'une autre personne pour les aider dans leur toilette, l'alimentation, de transfert, faire des courses, ménage de la maison, et ainsi de suite. Pour les personnes âgées avec la dépendance est sévère, ont besoin d'aide 24/24 heures. Cela signifie qu'ils sont incontinents, grabataires et ont parfois besoin d'une alimentation artificielle (Alimentation par sonde naso-gastrique, ou gastrostomie). A l'avenir, en 2050, le nombre de personnes dépendantes âgées peut être estimé à 544 personnes / 10000. (5.449.465 personnes en Iran en 2050) Cela signifie que le nombre de personnes âgées qui ont besoin de soins pour leur vie sera multiplié par 4. En même temps, en raison du déclin de la fécondité de cette période (2009-2049), le nombre d'enfants va baisser. Ainsi, les parents n'auront pas assez d'enfants pour leur soutien et leurs soins. Un autre résultat de notre travail évalue que 45% de la population iranienne en 2050 sera âgée entre 50-80 ans, donc l'âge moyen des aidant familiaux va augmenter. / While the number and proportion of people aged 60 and over will continue to grow in developing countries such as Iran in the coming decades, increasing demand and spending on health and particularly long-term care will pose the same problems that developed countries are facing today. Faced with an aging population marked by the demographic transition, facing increasing longevity and number of people experiencing dependency, frailty and disability reduced number of family caregivers, communities and nations to commit more often an increase in economic berdun . acceleration of demographic transition over a short period for developing countries like Iran should be alarming to their political leaders because none of these strategic planning for aging socio-economic impacts has been elaborated. As baby boomers reach Iran in 1991-1996 at the age of 60 + years to 2050. The Iranian authorities and the social have 40 years (= Windows oppurtunity demographic window "of opportunity") to cover the needs of the elderly population. The prevalence of disability will increase rapidly with age. In our study, we conclude that in 2009, 136 people aged over 60 in 10,000 people are moderately or highly dependent (1,005,400 people in 2009). This means they can not do their activities of daily living and they need help from others. They need another person to help them in their grooming, feeding, transfer, shopping, house cleaning, and so on. For older people with severe dependency, they need help for 24/24 hours. This means they are incontinent, bed ridden and sometimes require artificial feeding (Feeding by naso-gastric or gastrostomy). In the future, in 2050, the number of elderly dependents can be estimated at 544 people / 10000. (5,449,465 people in Iran in 2050) This means that the number of elderly who need care for their life will be multiplied by 4. At the same time, because of declining fertility of this period (2009-2049), the number of children will decline. Thus, parents will not have enough children for their support and care. Another result of our work is estimated that 45% of the Iranian population in 2050 will be aged between 50-80 years, so the average age of family caregivers will increase.

The aim of this thesis is to inform in detail about the latest clinical and nursing practice trends concerning the needs of patients in vegetative state and their carers. It also deals with relations in the system of long-term nursing care, providing medical and social services and rehabilitation. It also tries to point out the most pressing problems of the current situation of patients in vegetative state and their families, especially in terms of patient discharge to home care and availability of services specified for this target group. The latest findings and proven methods will be summarized in a simple and understandable form, which will serve as a guide both for health professionals and caregivers.For this thesis the Review and synthesis method will be used. The overview of current knowledge and studies in the field of care for patients in vegetative state will be synthesized and focused on home care with recommendations for practice and indications of weak spots.Long-term follow-up nursing and rehabilitative care is necessary for these patients. A special chapter is focused on the specific needs of patients in vegetative state and appropriate nursing care, rehabilitation and release issues. The fundamental part is the consistency of formal and informal care, caregiver preparation for their future role and related socio-economic issues. In conclusion the legal and ethical aspects of the whole field are mentioned regarding medical and nursing care of patients in vegetative state.In line with the objective of this thesis a manual will be created for potential informal carers on how to care for their loved ones, where to go in the case of emergency and what steps to take during the intermediate stage of institutional and home care. The results can be used for further exploration and as an additional source of information for health professionals.

During our life, there comes a lot of situations which we have to deal with and which need to solve. Such situations as decease, invalidism, health disability, poorness, job loose or loneliness. Some of these situations we are able to handle ourselves, some of them with help of family members or friends, but we are not able to handle all of the events and we are not able to secure basic life needs. In such situations, help of the state in context of its social politics, is needed. Social politics in Czech republic is divided in three branches ? next to social insurance we have state and social support and social help which is mentioned as the third branch of social protection. System of social help constructs certain standard where its basic part is about individuals rights to live his life. Social help is realized by services and social benefits. Between social benefits is also included contribution for social care that is served to individuals dependent on help of another physical being and that is topic of this dissertation. Person is considered as dependent on help from another person in four grades ? from light to full dependence. In order of dependence level and the dependent person age the amount of benefit is derived. Between the receivers of social benefits are included seniors and disabled people. By providing the benefits, the state participates in social service realization that are administered at home or in social service institutions.

The Diploma thesis deals with the role and status of social workers in the social welfare system in Mongolia defines the basic concepts and characteristics of a social system care in contemporary society. With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, fell in Mongolia communist regime and adopted a free market economy. Rapid political and economic changes over the last decade has caused many families poverty, many of them have lost the opportunity to care for their children. As a result, many children left their families, many are homeless and live on the streets or in institutionalized orphanages. The road to democracy was attacked corruption, economic crisis and political movements. In July 2008 along political committees have brought hope to a common agreement. In Mongolia, social work began its operations in 1997 as a result of the recognition of the needs of professional intervention in urgent social problems caused by social, political and economic transformation from a communist Mongolian society to a democratic, which took place in 1990. Democratic change has laid a solid foundation for the promotion of social justice, human rights and civil society development in the country. Social work as a professional discipline in Mongolia is new, so the next challenge for social workers is to introduce and popularize the role of social work. Even more important is the pursuit of the development of the national identity of the social worker. Given the novelty of professional and institutional development is needed to develop programs designed to support local, national and regional needs and priorities, to promote professional development and practice-based learning, and create educational resources. The qualitative research was conducted four interviews with social workers, each of them working in different areas of the city. The fifth interview I had with a professor in the Department of Social Work at the University of UlanBator. Data obtained through interviews I compiled using open coding. The aim of this thesis is to introduce the issue of social care in the capital UlanBator. The operational objective of the thesis is to identify specifically describe and analyze the current status of social workers. The research showed that in Mongolia is not clearly defined system of Social Work and Social Services Act, which would define the exact role of social workers. In today's society in Mongolia role of the social worker is varied. The issue of social work is that the Mongolian government is focusing more on cash assistance, but does not take account of social work in the form of direct intervention to the citizens. The opportunity to study abroad is expensive, costs associated with the study must cover themselves. The contribution of this work is to contribute to the understanding of the overall situation of social workers and obstacles to their further development. Our results obtained could also contribute to the understanding of social work in general.

Social care for the elderly Abstract The thesis deals with the issue of social care in the Czech Republic with regard to persons in retirement age. The main aim of this diploma thesis was to summarize the basic facts about this care and to provide the reader with a clear list of possible improvements or alternatives of social care for the elderly in various social security areas. In the introductory part, the paper first examines whether there is a need to address this topic and whether the Czech population is really getting old. These hypotheses have been confirmed on the basis of statistical data. This analysis also showed that resolving aging in the Czech Republic can solve support for family care. This form of care is the cheapest and easiest form of care in the Czech cultural and social environment. For this reason, the second chapter examines specifically family care in the Czech Republic. It deals first with the advantages and disadvantages of family care, then mentions the issue of gender imbalance in providing this care and the contemporary phenomenon of the sandwich generation. In one subchapter, the work mentions also the disproportionation of the old-age pension benefit of a family care provider where this care is provided for more than 15 years, and how this benefit could be proportionally...

This thesis is about a Non Government Organisation (NGO) whose main focus is on professional and home care services. The ``Alice{\crqq}, which is part of the Czech Red Cross in České Budějovice, has been supplying these services since 1994. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the historical development of ``Alice{\crqq}, looking closely at the quality of the service it offers. The next aim is to ``compare clients{\crqq} requirements against the potential the organization and to suggest certain improvements that can be made in the services, which would lead to higher quality and greater efficiency.

This final thesis is about single mothers living in shelters with their children. In the theoretical part of work are defined and desrcribed basic terms as single mother, system of shelters and reasons what kind of single mothers mostly needs help of shelters. The aim of my final thesis was to concentrate on the problems of single mothers in shelters and find out, which services are offered to single mothers. While analyzing this problem also other aspects were watched: from what social background do single mothers come to shelters, what is the most common reason for coming there, what do not they like in shelters, if they have any problems to get used to schedule of shelter and what is the most limiting factor for returning to independent life. For the empiric part of my final thesis was chosen qualitative approach and method of semidirected conversation. At the end of the work were determined steps, based on the analyzed date, which can be used practically.

In Sweden the need to recruit care assistants is increasing because of a growing older population together with their demands to stay in their own homes as long as possible. Swedish municipalities are responsible for organizing the social care and services for elderly with a coordination of some private provider companies. Moreover, to improve the care work a range of information and communication technologies (ICTs) e.g. safety alarm and electronic health record system are used to support care assistants’ daily activities and communication with elderly. Thus qualitative research aims to explore the care assistants’ use and experiences of existing ICTs. Furthermore, it examines the impact of the ICTs on their daily activities. The thesis pay attention also to care assistants demands, ideas and visions about future ICTs. The research found that care assistants were satisfied with the ICTs, they use today. However, the research also identified some problems related to ICT, which the care assistants are confronted with during their everyday work e.g. alarm buttons loosen and falsely triggered sensors. Care assistants expressed their ideas and visions about the ICT’s degree of involvement in their care activities and elderly’s lives. They had contradictions in their point of views related to the use of monitoring technologies for elder’s care. They also had negative feelings about these technologies. In short, the thesis explored two things; firstly, it reflected ICTs and care assistants’ demands and ideas related to the ICTs. Secondly, the daily activities of care assistants were examined. Therefore this research brings forward care assistants’ activities and makes their work more noticeable in order to be used in the development of new IT systems in the social care work.

Final thesis follows the destiny of Alois Klar (1763-1833) with the emphasis on the history of ideas. Primarily, it focuses on three realms: religion thinking, history of language and school system. The whole frame is based on an effort to create an alternative analytic concepts for studying the age of so called "National Movement". Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)