No description available.

This thesis examines patterns of mortality in interwar south Wales and assesses the relative influences of various social factors in determining those patterns. Chapters on income, expenditure, housing, environment, diet and medical services describe and evaluate the material conditions of life for working-class families in the different communities of interwar south Wales. A consideration of the effects of economic depression on these material aspects of people’s lives is an integral aspect of these chapters. The impact of unemployment and poverty is assessed so as to understand their significance in the everyday lives of working-class people. In this way, the thesis addresses the shortcomings in the historiography of the ‘healthy or hungry’ nature of the interwar period by anchoring the consequences of unemployment in the realities of everyday experience. The second section of the thesis consists of demographic studies of mortality and infant mortality. Various mortality indicators are examined so as to identify patterns of mortality in the different communities of south Wales. These mortality indicators are disaggregated according to age, sex, social class, occupation and location. The specific patterns revealed by this analysis are examined in the light of the material aspects of working-class life outlined in the first section of the thesis so as to determine the social determinants of mortality and the precise effects of economic depression on patterns of mortality. This detailed and systematic examination of mortality in interwar south Wales addresses the weaknesses in the Welsh historiography that has consisted of impressionistic interpretations of the effects of economic depression on standards of health. Therefore, the thesis examines the levels and trends of mortality in interwar south Wales and considers the factors that determined them. Secondly, it assesses the extent to which the economic depression of the interwar period affected these patterns of mortality.

This thesis is a study of popular social history and education in mid-twentieth century Britain. It argues that the ‘history of everyday life’ was a guiding framework for how ‘ordinary’ people sought to understand themselves and the world around them in this period. The ‘history of everyday life’ told stories of how the ‘uneventful’ lives, practices, feelings, and social and material environments of individuals changed across generations. It was the dominant form of popular social history in Britain from 1918 to the end of the 1960s, and it flourished long before academic social history championed similar themes, in a different idiom and for very different audiences. This thesis follows the ‘history of everyday life’ across a range of public-facing, educational institutions that were interested in producing histories for a mass audience. It delves into the myriad ways in which ‘amateur’ historians (often women) produced and disseminated ‘everyday’ histories. The ‘history of everyday life’ was a flexible intellectual resource available to both the radical left and conservative right. Whilst still attending to this full political spectrum, this thesis shifts focus away from explicit ideologies to the visual, emotional, and practical elements of historical activity.

This thesis investigates how societal change is represented and negotiated in Weimar Republic journals. I advance the idea that journals serve as unique crystallisations of the negotiation of social change within social communities due to their inherent periodicity, polyphony and materiality. I elucidate how these journals function, both as material objects with their own specific identities and within Weimar society more generally. To do so, I examine six selected journals: Die Weltbühne, Kladderadatsch, Simplicissimus, Die Gartenkunst, Sport im Bild and Fürs Haus. Together, these journals cover a wide range of bourgeois communities, exemplifying a multiplicity of strategies in order to negotiate the challenges posed by modernisation to their communal identities as well as to the individual identities of their creators and readers. This thesis thus establishes a history of small steps visible in the continuous development of the journals' content and material form, offering an understanding of history as a continuous development of social practices rather than a history of caesuras and breaks. Accordingly, I propose that journals tell us about culture, their material Eigenlogik setting them apart from newspaper and book alike. I then develop a notion of culture as dynamic and of journal communities as communities of practice. Next, I provide a case study of the Simplicissimus's communal practices materialised in shifts of its editorial content and material form, before generalising these findings to include non-authorial voices in advertisements and letters to the editor. Finally, I investigate the negotiation of modernisation in the form of sport and the "New Woman" in the journals, highlighting the concurrency of discourse and active participation, and the coexistence of rejection and incorporation. Ultimately, Weimar journal communities exhibit a continuity of social practices and identities that span from the Kaiserreich to Nazi Germany, both negotiating and furthering modernisation in the process.

How has the connection between health and eligibility of the President of the United States been formed over time? This thesis uses Presidents Taft, Wilson, and Roosevelt to examine the history of disease and ability in presidential body politics, exploring the representation of the body in the highest position of America.

Orientador: Hélio Rebello Cardoso Junior / Banca: Karina Anhezini de Araujo / Banca: José Costa D'Assunção Barros / Resumo: Entre as décadas de 1960/1970 e 1980 a historiografia da escravidão no Brasil passou por diversas reformulações. Ao mesmo tempo em que os cursos de pós-graduação se consolidaram, as propostas teórico-metodológicas, os objetos e os temas de estudos sobre os escravos também ganharam novos contornos. Se durante anos 1960 e 1970 o modo de fazer história teve como principal preocupação o entendimento de questões estruturais de ordem econômica, no decurso dos anos 1980 o que se pôde presenciar foi uma crescente nos estudos voltados para temáticas culturais, com ênfase em recortes de menor abrangência. Dentro destas circunstâncias, a ressignificação pela qual a figura do escravo passou, apareceu como elemento chave para a compreensão das mudanças da historiografia do período. O objetivo desta dissertação, portanto, consiste em analisar as condições teóricas que possibilitaram a emergência do enunciado do escravo como agente histórico a partir dos anos 1980. Para isso, quatro estudos foram analisados: O Escravismo Colonial (1978) de Jacob Gorender, Ser Escravo no Brasil (1979) de Kátia Mattoso, Rebelião Escrava no Brasil (1986) de João José Reis e Campos da Violência (1988) de Silvia Hunold Lara / Abstract: Between the decades of 1960/1970 and 1980 the historiography of slavery in Brazil has undergone several reformulations. While the postgraduate courses were consolidated, the theoretical and methodological proposals, the objects and subjects of studies on the slaves also gained new contours shades. During the 1960 and 1970 the mode way of making history had as its main concern the understanding of structural, financial issues, during the 1980 it was witnessed an increase in the studies on cultural issues, with emphasis on smaller scope. Within these circumstances, the new meaning which the figure of the slave underwent, appeared as a key element for understanding the changes in the historiography of the period. The purpose of this dissertation, therefore, is to examine the theoretical conditions that enabled the emergence of the statement of the slave as a historical agent since the 1980, four studies were analyzed: O Escravismo Colonial (1978) of Jacob Gorender, Ser Escravo no Brasil (1979) of Katia Mattoso, Rebelião Escrava no Brasil (1986) of João José Reis and Campos da Violência (1988) of Silvia Hunold Lara / Mestre

PREFACE: Indian removal was one of the most vital problems in the early history of the State of Tennessee. When this state came into the Union she had title to only two widely separated triangles of land, one in northern Middle Tennessee, the other in East Tennessee. The Indians held title to all other lands within her limits, and these lands practically surrounded the white settlements. Squatters who settled upon Indian soil and holders ot North Carolina land warrants petitioned the Federal Government to purchase Indian land; public officials pleaded for the purchase of Indian land to aid in the development of transportation facilities and in the expansion of the state. The state could legally expand only as she obtained land from the Indians; therefore the Indians were constantly pressed for cessions of land, until they were entirely removed from the state.

Thesis (M.A.) at University of Tennessee from 1923 describing relations between the Cherokee and English prior to 1763. This thesis by David Buchanan contains detailed accounts of the Cherokee nation before colonization of the Cherokee territories in the Appalachian region as well as interactions between the English army and settlers.

This thesis investigates three lynchings of African Americans in Progressive-Era western Kentucky. The first occurred in Owensboro. In July 1884, a masked mob at-tacked the Daviess County jail. Richard May, an African-American field hand, had been incarcerated for the alleged sexual assault of a local farmer’s daughter. During the lynch mob’s actions that claimed May’s life, the white county jailer was killed protecting his prisoner. Ironically, just two decades earlier Jailer William Lucas had fought for the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. In nearby Hawesville in September 1897, Raymond Bushrod was also arrested on suspicion of raping a white girl. Rumors swirled throughout the town about a potential mob, with the local newspaper even commenting that “the result of [the community’s outrage] will likely be the first lynching in the history of Hancock County before morn-ing.” Indeed Bushrod was hanged; however, the heinous act took place in daylight in the full view of cheering women and children. The final case, the April 1911 Livermore (McLean County) lynching, received the widest national–and even international–attention. Residents of Livermore seized William Potter, a local black man arrested for allegedly assaulting a white man, from town law enforcement officials. The lynch mob then shot Potter to death on the stage of the town opera house. Some accounts state that admission was charged for the morbid spectacle. The horrific event was harshly condemned by the national and international press, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People petitioned both Frankfort and Washington, D.C. for action. Surprisingly, heavy public pressure resulted in the eventual indictment of eighteen prominent McLean Countians believed to have partici-pated in the heinous spectacle. Not surprisingly, they were all hastily acquitted, however. Nonetheless, media attention of the disturbing tragedy helped to ensure that the days of unchecked lynch law in the American South were numbered. These stories are brought to life through eyewitness accounts in contemporary newspaper reports and court records. In addition to presenting a case study of each lynching, I examine the public sentiment, media treatment, and legal proceedings (if any) surrounding these acts of racial violence. As an overarching theme, I analyze how soci-ety itself changed during the period under review, from 1884 to 1911. While there are unique aspects to each lynching, all of these stories share common threads. Each took place in the adjacent western Kentucky Coal Field counties of Davi-ess, Hancock, and McLean. Each lynching victim stood accused of a crime that typically brought with it an automatic “death sentence” in the New South–sexual assault of a white woman in two cases, and attempted murder of a white man in the other instance. Each occurred about a decade and a half apart. While lynchings of African Americans in the Bluegrass State during the period covered by this thesis were not uncommon–historian George Wright counts some 135–many of the details make these three cases distinctive. The death of Jailer Lucas in the line of duty was a very rare occurrence. So too was the brazen communal nature of the Hawesville lynching and the legal action taken against the men of the Livermore mob. These tales also demonstrate that public attitude about extralegal “justice” was far from unanimous. While many whites undoubtedly agreed with the Owensboro Messenger’s assertion that lynching was “too good for” certain “black brutes,” there were unwavering voices of reason and civility present also. These latter voices grew progressively louder as the national anti-lynching campaign reached its crescendo in the 1920s and 1930s. Many special people have been influential in helping me to complete this project. I would like to thank the Western Kentucky University History Department, in particular Patricia Minter, Carol Crowe-Carraco, and Marion Lucas, for reading my thesis and of-fering their valuable suggestions. Any mistakes that remain are solely my responsibility. Also, the librarians at the Daviess County Public Library, Western Kentucky University, and the University of Kentucky were immensely helpful in my search for primary sources. Above all I want to dedicate this project to my father and mother, Woody and Susan Maglinger. They have taught me to live by the Golden Rule, and I would not be the man that I am today had they not shared God’s love through their beautiful examples.

The moment life began was defined at the beginning of the nineteenth century by the mother's awareness of fetal movement. That moment was called quickening. The common law of England and of the early United States embraced quickening. Prior to quickening abortion was legally and socially benign. Abortion was a non-issue, for life was not considered to exist before the fetus was quick — which usually occurs in the fourth or fifth month of gestation. At the early stages of fetal development there was no difference between terminating pregnancy and simply restoring menses. By the end of the nineteenth century, the quickening doctrine was no longer the key to abortion law. The doctrine was dismantled for a variety of reasons. The American Medical Association (AMA) played a major role in the movement to redefine the moment of animation and restrict abortions. The physicians' motivation was not concern for the fetus. The physicians gained status and power from the restriction of abortion; they emerged fro the century as the only abortion authority. Physicians alone were able to sanction abortions. Changes occurred in the nineteenth century that increased the sense of urgency of the physicians' campaign. They utilized sensitive issues to persuade state legislatures to act. The main issues included a shift in the women seeking abortions and disparities in the population trend. In the 1840s there was an upsurge of married women in the upper classes having abortions. Abortion was no longer for the shamed single women. That trend combined with the increasing number of births among the lower class and foreign born to concern native America that they were going to be outbred. The physicians capitalized on eugenics and collective fear among the most powerful section of the population — the law makers. Religious disparities in the population growth also concerned the primarily Protestant physicians. The fear and distaste is clear in their rhetoric. Physicians were empowered by the sole ability to grant abortions, emerged as primary care givers, and successfully lobbied state legislatures for the alterations in law that allowed them to fill those roles. The common law quickening doctrine was transformed until a near prohibition on abortion existed by the 1880s. The termination of legal abortions fueled by the AMA lasted for nearly a century.