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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (Counselling Psychology) in the Department of Psychology at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2017 / This research study aimed to determine the impact of internet use on social relationship among teenagers. The internet is the most widely utilized network tool by children, teenagers and adults. The researcher’s main focus was on teenagers and the internet. The researcher explored the different types of internet activities teenagers engaged in, the amount of time they spent on these activities, the role it plays on teenager’s academic performance and relationships with family and friends. The research study was conducted at various primary schools and high schools in urban and rural areas in Umhlathuze area, North of KwaZulu-Natal. It consisted of a sample of 132 participants who are all exposed to the internet. The research findings showed a null hypothesis between internet use and teenager’s social relationship, that is; internet use among teenagers does not have a negative effect on teenager’s social relationship. However, the alternative hypothesis was proven to be true, that is; the internet has a positive contribution to the teenager’s academics.

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Social relationships can have considerable influence on physical and mental well-being. AL research suggests that other residents are among the most available social contacts and that co-resident relationships can affect life satisfaction, quality of life, and well-being. Although functional status influences social relationships, research has yet to provide an in-depth understanding of how cognitive and physical function affects co-resident relationships in AL. In this thesis, I present an analysis of qualitative data collected over a one-year period in two diverse settings. The thesis addressed: 1) How does functional status influence co-resident relationships? ; and 2) What factors shape its influence? Analysis was guided by principles of Grounded Theory Method. Coming together and pulling apart signifies the key finding that functional status is multi-directional, fluid, and operates in different ways in various situations and across time. Facility and resident –level factors further affect the influence of functional status on co-resident relationships.

Background: Depression is a worldwide problem but studies have shown that after patients with depressive symptoms are in remission, difficulties in social relationships may persist. There is a need for future research on the relationship between social function and depressive symptoms in order to facilitate development of new clinical interventions. Objectives: This study aimed to identify what factors contribute to the relationship between depressive symptoms and social relationships and what factors predict improvement in depressive symptoms during psychiatric hospitalization. Methods: This longitudinal cohort study was based on a secondary analysis of RAI-MH data from the Ontario Mental Health Reporting System (OMHRS). Depressive symptoms were measured with the Depressive Symptoms Rating Scale (DRS) and social relationships difficulties were evaluated with the interRAI Social Relationships CAP. The sample comprised of 125,120 patients from acute, long stay, addiction, psychiatric crisis units and forensic units. Sub-sample of patients with depressive symptoms and mood disorder was created (N = 38,823). Results presented in a descriptive analysis for both samples and bivariate and multivariate analysis for the sub-sample. Logistic regression analysis was performed to predict rates of improvement of depressive symptoms. Results: The study revealed that many factors predict outcome of depressive symptoms. Difficulties in social relationships, older age, multi-morbidity, functional impairments, trauma, and poor physical health predict decreased odds of improvements but longer hospital stay, individual therapy and family/couples therapy predict increased odds of improvements. Conclusions: The interRAI Social Relationships CAP provides a valuable tool to address social issues in patient care, assist clinical staff in care planning and provide mental health authorities information for policy making.

Background: Depression is a worldwide problem but studies have shown that after patients with depressive symptoms are in remission, difficulties in social relationships may persist. There is a need for future research on the relationship between social function and depressive symptoms in order to facilitate development of new clinical interventions. Objectives: This study aimed to identify what factors contribute to the relationship between depressive symptoms and social relationships and what factors predict improvement in depressive symptoms during psychiatric hospitalization. Methods: This longitudinal cohort study was based on a secondary analysis of RAI-MH data from the Ontario Mental Health Reporting System (OMHRS). Depressive symptoms were measured with the Depressive Symptoms Rating Scale (DRS) and social relationships difficulties were evaluated with the interRAI Social Relationships CAP. The sample comprised of 125,120 patients from acute, long stay, addiction, psychiatric crisis units and forensic units. Sub-sample of patients with depressive symptoms and mood disorder was created (N = 38,823). Results presented in a descriptive analysis for both samples and bivariate and multivariate analysis for the sub-sample. Logistic regression analysis was performed to predict rates of improvement of depressive symptoms. Results: The study revealed that many factors predict outcome of depressive symptoms. Difficulties in social relationships, older age, multi-morbidity, functional impairments, trauma, and poor physical health predict decreased odds of improvements but longer hospital stay, individual therapy and family/couples therapy predict increased odds of improvements. Conclusions: The interRAI Social Relationships CAP provides a valuable tool to address social issues in patient care, assist clinical staff in care planning and provide mental health authorities information for policy making.