Mexican immigrants living in the United States face academic challenges as well as being exposed to stereotypes. Additionally, Mexican immigrants tend to report lower self-efficacy compared to their American counterparts. This quantitative study aimed to fill a gap in the literature by examining the impact that stereotype threat (STT) has on Mexican immigrants' academic performance and social self-efficacy using a two-way between subjects design. Self-efficacy theory and stereotype threat theory provided the theoretical foundation for the study. Caucasian and Mexican immigrants were randomly assigned to one of two groups- a group exposed to STT (Caucasian n = 94, Mexican immigrant n = 10) or a group who was not exposed to STT (Caucasian n = 155, Mexican immigrant n = 21) for a total of N = 280. All participants were given quantitative analysis questions, analytical reasoning questions, and a social self-efficacy questionnaire. Results showed that Mexican immigrants in the stereotype threat group and Mexican immigrants in the no threat group underperformed on the quantitative analysis and analytical reasoning measures compared to Caucasians in both of those groups. Mexican immigrants in the stereotype threat group and the no threat group also reported lower social self-efficacy scores compared to Caucasians. This research highlighted the importance of the impact stereotypes may have on academic performance and social self-efficacy, especially among immigrants. The implications for social change include insight for Mexican immigrants about the types of challenges they may encounter upon moving to the United States. Additionally, this research could extend the conversation about the various negative effects that stereotypes may have on immigrants' lives.

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En kvantitativ enkätstudie genomfördes med syftet att undersöka om självdisciplin, yrkesrelaterad kognitiv self-efficacy och yrkesrelaterad social self-efficacy kan predicera motivation på arbetsplatsen. Därtill kontrollerades deltagarnas kön, ålder och utbildningsnivå. Deltagarna rekryterades genom kontaktpersoner på tre olika företag i södra Sverige. Totala deltagarantalet blev 40 personer. Studien innefattade två hypoteser som testades genom en multipel regression, korrelationsanalys samt en envägsanova. Hypotes 1 var följande: Social och kognitiv self-efficacy samt självdisciplin är prediktorer till motivation på arbetsplatsen. Hypotes 2 var: Det finns en korrelation mellan kön, ålder eller utbildningsnivå och motivation på arbetsplatsen. Regressionsanalysen visade ett signifikant resultat och att självdisciplin är en valid prediktor till motivation på arbetsplatsen. Ingen annan variabel visade ett signifikant resultat i de olika statistiska testerna. Detta diskuteras vidare då resultatet delvis stödjer tidigare forskning och teorier. Efter metodologiska övervägande och slutsatser kan resultatet inte generaliseras till övriga populationen (arbetare) i Sverige utan härleds endast till deltagarna som utgör urvalet i denna studie. / A quantitative survey was conducted with the purpose to investigate if selfdiscipline, occupational cognitive self-efficacy and occupational social selfefficacy can predict motivation at work. The participants age, gender and education level were also controlled. The participants were recruited through contacts at three different companies in southern Sweden. The number of participants were 40. The study had two hypothesis that was tested through a multiple regression, correlation analysis and a one-way anova. Hypothesis 1 was: Social and cognitive self-efficacy as well as self-discipline are predictors of motivation in the workplace. Hypothesis 2 was: There is a correlation between gender, age or level of education and motivation in the workplace. The regression analysis showed a significant result and self-discipline as a valid predictor to motivation at work. The other variables did not show a significant result. It leaded to a discussion due to that the result partly supports previous research and theories. After methodological considerations and conclusions, the result cannot be generalised to the population (company workers) in Sweden, it can only derive to the participants in the sample of this study.

This is a case study that investigates the experiences of eight friendless seventh grade students as they transition from elementary school to junior high. In an effort to examine the wide-range of experiences of friendless students, I explored and compared the experiences of students who have high social self efficacy and students who have low self-efficacy. Each student was interviewed two times and both interviews were analyzed using a priori codes of when and where students felt isolated and distressed. The interviews were also analyzed using an open coding method looking for emergent codes. The study highlights and illustrates what each student expresses about their experiences in terms of isolation, friendship, and belonging. The cases show that peer group disruption, introversion and extroversion, the role of the adult at school, and family dynamics affect the experiences of the participants. Findings of the study suggest that schools need to plan and organize different types of spaces for friendless students to meet and connect with peers.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether students' perceptions of the classroom social environment mediate the relations between teacher self-efficacy and student adjustment. Research suggests that early adolescents often experience decreases in engagement and motivation during the middle school years, which can put individuals at risk for academic failure and school dropout (Eccles, Lord, & Midgley, 1991). This occurs due to a mismatch between the individuals' developmental needs and the environment (Eccles et al., 1993). Whether early adolescents remain engaged in school is largely dependent on how they perceive the classroom environment promoted by their teacher (Erikson, 1950; Masten & Coatsworth, 1998; Roeser, Eccles & Sameroff, 2000). Additionally, the type of environment teachers promote is based on their assessments of their own teaching abilities (Ashton & Webb,1986; Guskey, 1988; Hall et al., 1992). Therefore, this study describes a model proposing that the classroom social environment (i.e., teacher support, teacher-promoted social interaction and mutual respect) mediates the relation between teacher self -efficacy and student adjustment (i.e., academic and social self-efficacy, classroom engagement, and disruptive behavior). This model was tested via single-level structural equation model with 358 middle school students from an economically and racially diverse sample. This study utilized a single data point from a larger, longitudinal quantitative study which examined student motivation and adjustment across the transition from elementary school into middle school. The study aimed to determine: (1). What is the impact of teacher self-efficacy on students' perception of the classroom social environment? (2).What is the impact of the classroom social environment on students' academic and social self- efficacy, involved behavior, and disruptive behavior? (3). To what extent does the classroom social environment mediate the relation between teacher self-efficacy and student adjustment (i.e., academic and social self efficacy and involved and disruptive behavior). Findings suggest that teacher self-efficacy had minimal impact on classroom social environment and student adjustment variables, and thus may not play a mediating role between these variables. However, findings did indicate a significant, moderate impact of the classroom social environment on student adjustment. This finding aligns with previous research which suggests when the classroom environment provides opportunities for students to develop their academic and social competencies, and when students feel cared for and supported, school adjustment is enhanced (Eccles, Wigfield, & Schiefele, 1998; Roeser et al., 2000). The overall impact of the classroom social environment on student adjustment in this study highlights the need for school psychologists to advocate for the development of middle school environments that meet early adolescents' developmental and basic needs.

This study investigated the relationship between gender, self-esteem, self-consciousness, social self-efficacy and shyness among 9th, 10th, and 11th grade school students. Participants of the study were 424 high school students (250 female and 174 male) from four high schools in Bursa. Demographic information form, Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale (RCBS) (Cheek &amp / Buss, 1981), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) (Rosenberg, 1965), Self-Consciousness Scale (SCS) (Feningstein, Scheier, &amp / Buss, 1975), and Social Self-Efficacy Scale (Matsushima &amp / Shiomi, 2002) were used as data collection instruments. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that self-esteem, self-consciousness, and social self-efficacy were significant predictors of high school students

Social kompetens är något som i större utsträckning efterfrågas av arbetsgivare och har blivit allt mer betydelsefullt i arbetslivet. Tilltron till den sociala förmågan kan därför vara av vikt för individens mående. Syftet med studien var att med kvantitativ ansats undersöka sambandet mellan social self-efficacy och subjektivt välbefinnande samt betydelsen av individers värdering av sociala kompetens och personlighetsdraget extraversion för detta samband. Enkäten som utgjordes av fyra instrument delades både i pappersformat och digitalt samt besvarades av 127 arbetsaktiva deltagare.  För att undersöka samband mellan variablerna och skillnader mellan grupper har korrelationer, simultan regressionsanalys och tvåvägs variansanalyser genomförts. Resultatet visar bland annat att det fanns positiva samband mellan de tre variablerna social self-efficacy, extraversion och social kompetensvärdering och den beroende variabeln välbefinnande. Aktuell undersökning har bidragit med ytterligare förståelse för vikten av social self-efficacy i arbetslivet och hur det tillsammans med extraversion positivt relaterar till välbefinnandet.

Research suggests that Internet and cell phone overuse may result in lower levels of social skills and encourage isolation from peers. Less clear is whether the duration of computer-mediated communication (CMC) influences adolescent perception of their social skills competency or emotional health. This research was guided by the social cognitive theory, which suggests that social self-efficacy (SSE), the belief that they have the skills to engage successfully with others in conversation and social activities, develops from mastery experiences that regulate thought, motivation, and action. This quantitative cross-sectional survey design utilized a convenience sample of 49 adolescents ages 11-19, living in Austin County, TX, to examine the impact of CMC duration on adolescent SSE, social anxiety, and depression. Regression analyses indicated CMC duration did not significantly affect SSE, social anxiety, or depression at the p <. 05 level. Computer-mediated communication duration did influence SSE at the p = .07 level, suggesting a trend toward statistical significance. Post hoc analysis revealed a significant interaction at the p < .05 level when CMC restriction severity was tested as a moderator in the CMC duration-SSE relationship. These findings suggest that the interaction between CMC duration and restrictions may influence social self-efficacy. Additional research on the relationship between CMC and adolescent psychosocial health would be helpful, particularly using larger and more generalizable samples. This study may inform the efforts of authority figures to adolescents, specifically, on the ways in which technological changes affect adolescent social development and will help to ensure that adolescents are safe, psychologically healthy, and able to maintain healthy relationships.

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