The support of families with children till the age of seven in the 21st century in the Czech Republic The topic of the thesis is the support of families with children till the age of seven in the 21st century in the Czech Republic. The main objective is to summarize the possibilities of state and private sector. Because the family, especially the association among parents and their children, has an irreplaceable importance for all the society. It is interesting how much has the support changed in the recent years. Considering the fact that the society has entered a new millennium, a lot of people were expecting, with more than ten years after the Velvet Revolution, some reversal, or an evolution. During the last thirteen years, there happened many very important events, such as the accession to the European Union or the intervention of the so-called global financial crisis (thanks to which the social solidarity has become more than necessary). Over the whole period, eight governments of two political parties and one caretaker government had been changed in the Czech Republic. The left replaced the right, the impact of individual political views was of a different power. It is clear that the direction of legislators' thinking affects the society and vice versa. The thesis is divided into seven...

Orientador: Sandra Leal Calais / Resumo: A adolescência é o período de transição da infância para a vida adulta, marcado por alterações físicas, hormonais, psicológicas e cognitivas, em que o indivíduo apresenta necessidade de interação social e desenvolvimento da identidade. Nesta fase o adolescente se distancia socialmente dos pais e irmãos e aproxima-se de pares, de quem obtém ajuda para lidar com as preocupações e estresse, devido a necessidade de escolha de uma carreira, preparação para o vestibular e vida amorosa. Tais condições estressantes podem gerar transtornos psicológicos no adolescente caso não possua estratégias para gerenciá-las. É no ambiente familiar que o adolescente forma a maior parte do seu repertório de habilidades sociais que são as capacidades comportamentais em interações sociais, levando em consideração a expressão do indivíduo de forma a não ferir os próprios direitos nem os de outras pessoas. Por ser o primeiro ambiente de aprendizagem, a família é considerada como fonte de suporte e modelo, que funcionam como fatores de proteção para o desenvolvimento de transtornos psicológicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a presença de estresse, habilidades sociais e percepção de suporte social e familiar e as relações entre si, em 240 adolescentes estudantes do ensino médio, na faixa etária de 14 a 18 anos, de escolas públicas e particulares. Para tal, foram utilizados: questionário sociodemográfico, Escala de Stress para Adolescentes (ESA), Inventário de Habilidades Sociais para Adolescente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Adolescence is the transition period from childhood to adulthood, marked by physical, hormonal, psychological and cognitive changes, in which the individual presents a need for social interaction and development of identity. At this stage the teenager distances himself socially from parents and siblings and approaches peers, from whom he gets help to deal with worries and stress due to the need for career choice, college preparation and love life. Such stressful conditions can generate psychological disorders in adolescents if they do not have strategies to manage them. It is in the family environment that adolescents form most of their repertoire of social skills that are behavioral capacities in social interactions, taking into account the expression of the individual in a way that does not hurt their own rights or those of other people. As the first learning environment, the family is considered as a source of support and a model, which act as protective factors for the development of psychological disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of stress, social skills and perception of social and family support and the relationships among themselves, in 240 adolescents of high school students, in the age group of 14 to 18 years, of public and private schools. To that end, a sociodemographic questionnaire, Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESA), Social Skills Inventory for Adolescents (IHSA), Social Support Perception Scale (EPSUS-A) and Family Support Per... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Familienpolitik bezeichnet ein Politikfeld im Wohlfahrtsstaat, dessen Ziel es ist, das Zusammenleben in Familien im Lebensverlauf mit Hilfe von Zeit, Geld und Infrastruktur zu unterstützen. Die Definition von Familie hat sich ebenso wie das Politikfeld stetig gewandelt. Aus Perspektive der (intersektionalen) Geschlechterforschung lassen sich verschiedene historische Phasen seit Gründung der Bundesrepublik beschreiben. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist der paradigmatische Wandel der Familienpolitik seit der Jahrtausendwende: Im Zuge dessen etablierten sich zunehmend ein volkswirtschaftlicher Begründungszusammenhang für Familienpolitik und die Verknüpfung von Elternschaft mit Erwerbstätigkeit.