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In the age of computing, we rely on software to manage our days, from the moment we wake up until we go to sleep. Software predicts the future based on actualized data from the past. It produces procedures instead of experiences and solutions instead of care. Software systems tend to perpetuate a normalized state of equilibrium. Their application in social media, predictive policing, and social profiling is increasingly erasing diversity in culture and identity. Our immediate reality is narrowing towards cultural conventions shared among the powerful few, whose voices directly influence contemporary digital culture. On the other hand, computational collective intelligence can sometimes generate emergent forces to counter this tendency and force software systems to open up. Historically, artists from different artistic moments have adopted collaborative making to redefine the boundary of creative expression. Video Gaming, especially open-world simulation games, is rapidly being adopted as an emerging form of communication, expression, and self-organization. How can gaming conventions such as Narrative Emergence, Hacking, and Modding help us understand collective play as countering forces against the systematic tendency of normalization? How can people from diverse backgrounds come together to contemplate, make, and simulate rules and conditions for an alternative virtual world? What does it mean to design and virtually inhabit a world where rules are rewritten continuously by everyone, and no one is in control?

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The fewer numbers of girls that take part in Mathematics and Science programmes than those of boys in Namibia prompted this study. Few Namibian students pass Grade 12 Mathematics and Science with symbols required by the University of Namibia and other higher educational institutions in Africa and abroad. When the numbers of male students and female students who graduate both at secondary school and university levels are compared, it becomes clear that very few female students graduate. The study investigated how socio-cultural factors influence girls’ participation in Mathematics and Science. Information used in this study was collected from 1442 girls from 14 schools in Hardap and Khomas regions. Literature has demonstrated the importance of self-concept, motivation and influence from parents and teachers as imperative factors for a change in girls’ perceptions of Mathematics and Science. The analysis showed that both beliefs and attitudes of girls are negatively influenced by some cultural and traditional norms. Additional barriers include lack of support from parents, teachers and peers as well as the masculine face that is given to Mathematics and Science. The investigation also revealed the need to motivate girls from an early age. This can be done by empowering and preparing them socially, physically and mentally in these fields. Motivating female students can also be achieved with the help and support from parents, teachers and the entire education sector. / Further Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Natural Science Education)

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of South Africa, 2001.

Text in Afrikaans / This thesis offers a case illustration where autonomy as explanatory construction is described from ecosystemic thinking. Certain important constructions with the emphasis on autonomy are discussed. The focus is on a family in which incest occurred. Some possible patterns in such families are discussed. The content is presented in the form of a play in four acts, namely: Act 1 : The incest relationship Act 2: The disclosure of the secret Act 3: The involvement of the people concerned Act 4: The involvement of the helping professions The autonomy of the incestuous family and the way in which conservation is manifested is described. The research applies the theory to describe the process of an incest drama in one family. Conclusions and recommendations are applied to the general social work practice. / Hierdie verhandeling bied 'n illustrasie waar outonomie as verduidelikende konstruksie vanuit ekosistemiese denke in 'n gevallestudie beskryf word. Sekere belangrike konstruksies van ekosistemiese denke, met die klem op outonomie, word bespreek. Die fokus is verder ook op 'n gesin waarin · bloedskande voorkom en enkele moontlike patrone in hierdie gesinne word bespreek. Die inhoud word in die vorm van 'n drama wat in vier bedrywe uitgespeel word, aangebied, naamlik: Die 1e Bedryf: Die Bloedskande-verhouding Die 2e Bedryf: Die Bekendmaking van die geheim Die 3e Bedryf: Die Reaksie van die persone betrokke Die 4e Bedryf: Die Betrokkenheid van die helpende professies Die outonomie van die bloedskandegesin en hoe daar konservering in bogenoemde vier bedrywe voorkom, word beskryf. Daar word ook gefokus op die outonomie van die navorser en die professionele persone betrokke. Die teorie is toegepas in die navorsing om die proses van 'n bloedskandedrama van een Die teorie is toegepas in die navorsing om die proses van 'n bloedskandedrama van een gesin volledig te beskryf. Gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings dui op die bruikbaarheid in die algemene maatskaplike werk praktyk. / Social Work / M.A. (Social Sciences)

Thesis (MA(BK))--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Technology as a formal structure has been given pride of place in many developing countries because of its association with modernity and social development. It has been grouped with Science as a force that operates beyond reproach because of its perceived rational and instrumental nature. By surveying current theories of technology, philosophy and technology development modules, I investigate the implications that modern technology and technological artifacts have beyond merely their instrumental role. I will question the current conceptions of technology as a rational, objective force by arguing that technology operates as a force that more often than not produces a variety of unintended consequences as part of its impact on society. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In menige ontwikkelende lande geniet tegnologie voorrang as ‘n formele struktuur weens die verbintenis daarvan met moderniteit en sosiale ontwikkeling. Tegnologie word saam met wetenskap gegroepeer omdat dit, weens die waarneembare rasionele en instrumentele aard daarvan, onberispelik funksioneer. Deur huidige teoriee van tegnologie, filosofie en tegnologiese ontwikkelingsmodules te bestudeer, ondersoek ek dié aanduidinge wat moderne tegnologie en tegnologiese artefakte bo en behalwe hul blote instrumentele rolle besit. Ek sal die huidige opvattings van tegnologie as ‘n rasionele, objektiewe krag bevraagteken deur te argumenteer dat tegnologie eerder ‘n verskeidenheid van onopsetlike voortvloeisels as deel van sy impak op die samelewing tot gevolg het.

Many contributors to the interdisciplinary field of conflict resolution have emphasised the impact of socio-psychological and psycho-cultural influences in maintaining and perpetuating ethnic conflicts. The review of the literature concerning Cyprus reveals that such factors have been active in the 37 years of ethnic separation between the Greek-Cypriot and the Turkish-Cypriot communities. Although strategies are available to bridge communities and offer prospects for a reconciliation and peace centre on facilitating interaction, contact and dialogue between communities at all levels, it is surprising how little has taken place between the two academic communities on the island. This is in contrast to the picture found in similar conflict cases, such as the ones in Northern Ireland and Israel-Palestine. Despite some notable efforts and collaborations currently in place, the numbers involved constitute a very small fraction of the two academic bodies. The research has aimed at establishing the role of higher education in divided societies, not only by examining theoretically and philosophically its importance as a part of a reconciliation process but also by depicting the opinion of academics from both parts of Cyprus. The research has shown that although they are optimistic about future links, they nevertheless identified major implications stemming out of the issues of ‘recognition’, nationalism, social pressure, the impact of media and the characteristics of the academic cultures in each respective community. These explain the contrast between much good-will and little real action. The analysis of findings includes a discussion of possible strategies to establish an open dialogue between the two academic communities and to facilitate collaborations.

This study is intended as a different kind of response to the longstanding issue of the woman as an effective contributor to the employment marketplace. The tradition of women at work has been fraught with argument and political polarities. Mother, homemaker, worker, administrator, artist, president suggest a continuum on which women become integral to social meanings, not as new entrants to men's world, but as contributors to the same tasks as professional peers. The introduction of a distinction between the qualitative and theoretical variables to the evaluation of professional functions, redirects and even reconstructs the very meaning of effectiveness in jobs. The addition of this distinction to previous ways of judging employees and employers opens the door to an expanded awareness of employees/employers to considerations which must yield greater efficiency, productivity, and job satisfaction than was heretofore possible.

published_or_final_version / Psychology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy