O presente trabalho tomará por objetivo, através de uma revisão bibliográfica temática e pesquisa em banco de dados, uma contribuição para o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Mudança Social e Participação Política (PROMUSPP), radicado na Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo, ao oferecer uma leitura geral e introdutória sobre a temática da mudança social e um panorama de autores recorrentes, tidos como referência neste campo interdisciplinar recentemente relido e em constante construção. Tendo em vista que, no âmbito do PROMUSPP nenhum estudo tenha proposto tal iniciativa, cremos estar no tempo, momento e local apropriado para tal. Neste sentido, será apresentada uma síntese teórica de caráter introdutório sobre o tema da mudança social como objeto científico de estudo / Through a literature review and data research this work aims to contribute to the Post-Graduate Program in Social Change and Political Participation (PROMUSPP), of School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities of University São Paulo. It will provide a general and introductory reading on the theme of social change, and an overview of recurrent authors, taken as a reference in this recent, and in constant construction, interdisciplinary field. Considering that, in PROMUSPP, no study has proposed such initiative, we believe being on the time and appropriate place to do so. In this sense, will be presented: a brief history on the subject of social change as a scientific object of study and a mapping of modern authors who have addressed the \"social change\" theory on their research

Comparativement à la somme des travaux accumulés dans les pays occidentaux, les recherches sur les réseaux personnels sont encore rares en Chine, malgré l’importance des relations interpersonnelles dans ce pays. La recherche présentée dans cette thèse avait pour objectif de répondre aux questions suivantes : est-il possible de transposer dans une ville chinoise une méthode complexe d’analyse de réseaux personnels utilisée entre autres à San Francisco et à Toulouse? Etant donné le poids important des familles dans la vie sociale de ce pays, observe-t-on des spécificités fortes dans la structure et la composition des réseaux personnels, ou au contraire, assiste-t-on à une convergence des structures relationnelles (du moins dans les couches sociales moyennes et en milieu urbain) avec celles observées dans les pays occidentaux ? Au-delà, comment les caractéristiques des réseaux sont-elles liées aux situations sociales des enquêtés (sexe, âge, niveau d’études, etc.) ?La thèse repose sur une enquête originale effectuée auprès d’une population des couches moyennes urbaines de Chongqing en 2014-2015 en adaptant la méthode des générateurs de noms qui avait été utilisée à San Francisco et Toulouse. Les résultats de l'enquête de Chongqing sont suffisamment cohérents avec les enquêtes prises comme exemple pour convaincre de la faisabilité de ces comparaisons. Cependant, ces résultats montrent également des différences. A Chongqing, les enquêtés ne citent pas plus de membres de la famille que dans les autres enquêtes, mais ils les citent en priorité pour la plupart des questions. Si le niveau d’études est le facteur qui explique le mieux les variations de la taille des réseaux personnels dans les enquêtes de San Francisco et de Toulouse, la profession et le revenu sont plus importants à Chongqing. / Compared to the sum of work accumulated in Western countries, research on personal networks is still rare in China, despite the importance of interpersonal relations in this country. The research presented in this thesis was aimed at answering the following questions: Is it possible to transpose a complex method of analysis of personal networks used in San Francisco and Toulouse to a Chinese city? Given the higher importance of families in the social life of this country, do we observe strong specificities in the structure and composition of personal networks, or on the contrary, there is a convergence of relational structures (at least in the middle social strata and in urban areas) with those observed in Western countries ? Beyond that, how are the characteristics of the networks linked to the social situations of the respondents (gender, age, level of education, etc.) ?The thesis is based on an original survey of a population of urban middle classes in Chongqing in 2014-15 by adapting the name generator method that was used in San Francisco and Toulouse. The results of the Chongqing survey are sufficiently consistent with the surveys taken as an example to convince the feasibility of these comparisons. However, these results also show differences. In Chongqing, respondents did not cite more family members than in other surveys, but they cited them as a priority for most questions. While education is the factor that best accounts for the variation in the size of personal networks in the San Francisco and Toulouse surveys, occupation and income are more significant in Chongqing.

As propagandas estão presentes hoje em praticamente todos os meios de comunicação, e nelas a recorrência de temas ambientais é cada vez mais notável. As chamadas propagandas verdes constituem importantes elementos das estratégias de marketing que muitas organizações utilizam para difundir mensagens de compromisso e preocupação com a natureza e o ambiente, e que são veiculadas junto aos apelos para o consumo de suas marcas e produtos. Esta dissertação, que é uma pesquisa e uma reflexão acerca do significado e da amplitude do greenwashing, procura fazer uma análise crítica do discurso das propagandas ambientais e de suas ideologias, discutindo de que forma seus conflitos éticos ajudam a produzir um cenário favorável à manutenção de valores culturais e socioambientais insustentáveis, e ao contrário do que diz a propaganda. Com base em levantamento feito nas produções e pesquisas realizadas por diversos outros autores, foi elaborada inclusive uma matriz de referências teóricas que permite a identificação do greenwashing veiculado pelas organizações. E com os pressupostos metateóricos que essa matriz fornece, foram analisadas propagandas nacionais veiculadas na mídia impressa ou eletrônica nos últimos anos. / Advertising can be found in almost all kinds of media, and among that the increasing occurrence specifically of green advertising is remarkable. The so called green advertising is an important element of marketing strategies used by many organizations to spread their messages of worries and commitment about nature and the environment while, at the same time, promote their brands and products for sale. This dissertation, which is a research and also a reflection about the meaning and occurrence of greenwashing, makes a critical analysis of discourse of green advertising and its ideology. It reveals their ethical conflicts and how they help to produce a favorable scenario to keep social and cultural values actually unsustainable, on the opposite way of the advertising claims. It was proposed a sinoptical matrix of theoretical references from previous authors which can be used to identify greenwashing. According to the meta-theoretical conjectures provided by this matrix, several cases of recent advertising were assessed.

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Review of Social Change in America : The Historical Handbook 2006. Patricia C. Becker Bernan. 2006. 307p, 1598880128, $75.00

We outline four connections between xenophobia and punitiveness toward criminals in a national sample of Americans. First, among self-identified whites xenophobia is more predictive of punitiveness than specific forms of racial animus. Second, xenophobia and punitiveness are strongly connected among whites, but are only moderately and weakly related among black and Hispanic Americans, respectively. Third, among whites substantial proportions of the variance between sociodemographic, political, and religious predictors of punitiveness are mediated by levels of xenophobia. Finally, xenophobia is the strongest overall predictor of punitiveness among whites. Overall, xenophobia is an essential aspect of understanding public punitiveness, particularly among whites.

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There are 1.4 million active nonprofit organizations in the United States; however, funding sustainability often forces nonprofit senior leaders into closure, which can lead to increased unemployment and decreased services provided to local communities. Nonprofit senior leaders seek help from scholars, at times, to identify strategies to secure sustainable funding sources, improve the sustainability of funding, or prevent or reverse losses of funding to their organizations. Through the conceptual lens of the general systems theory, the 2015-2016 Baldrige Excellence Framework and Criteria, and single- and double-loop learning, this single-case study explored strategies used to secure sustainable funding for nonprofit organizations from businesses, foundations, and individual donations. Through a purposeful sample of 3 senior leaders of a small nonprofit organization located in Baltimore, Maryland, data collection occurred through semistructured interviews, a review of public and internal documents, as well as performance outcomes. Through thematic analysis, 4 themes emerged: process strengths, process opportunities, results strengths, and results opportunities. Identifying strategies to secure sustainable funding may assist nonprofit senior leaders when struggling in an environment in which the supply of critical resources is low. The findings have implications for positive social change for nonprofit senior leaders and the community. Nonprofit senior leaders that secure sustainable funding may offer a positive influence in communities by reducing unemployment, creating new jobs, providing tax payments, promoting philanthropy, and improving lives.