M. Tech. (Public Relations Management, Faculty of Human Sciences), Vaal University of Technology / Corporate Social Investment (CSI) has turned out to be a significant subject in the businesses environment in the past twenty years and is perceived as an important element of the organisational image and corporate reputation. Corporate social investment communication provides stakeholders with information about the company‟s involvement, and about being accountable to the society. Companies use their communication about CSI initiatives to project a positive image of themselves to the stakeholders. The purpose of the study was to explore how the company‟s Corporate Social Investment activities contribute to the company‟s image and corporate reputation among the local community. The study also looked at the possible gaps between the image projected by the company through their communication about CSI activities and the communities‟ perceptions of these activities. The researcher used a case study qualitative approach with multiple data sources. The company‟s online press releases were analysed with a view to determining the corporate image projected by the company. In the second stage three focus groups were conducted with community activists, university students, and unemployed community members in order to understand the different perceptions how CSI activities influence the community stakeholders perceptions on organisation‟s reputation. The findings indicate that although there is a gap between the projected image communicated by a company and stakeholders‟ perceptions about company‟s reputation the community is generally familiar with CSI of the petrochemical company in question and that CSI activities contribute to the positive reputation of the company. Furthermore, the findings highlight the challenges of not including community stakeholders in decision making when creating CSI initiatives. Interestingly, the study reveals that organisations with CSI activities aligned to the national framework are considered socially responsible.

Эффективность социального инвестирования предприятия напрямую влияет на его конкурентоспособность, привлекательность для инвесторов, взаимоотношения с сотрудниками и населением, а также с органами власти. Целью магистерской диссертации является развитие теоретических и методических основ оценки эффективности социального инвестирования промышленных предприятий. В работе рассматриваются теоретические аспекты и подходы к оценке эффективности корпоративного социального инвестирования на промышленных предприятиях. В качестве источников информации использовались учебно-методическая и научно-исследовательская литература, также данные государственной и корпоративной статистики. В магистерской диссертации был разработан методический подход к оценке эффективности социального инвестирования промышленных предприятий, отличием которого является ориентированность на отраслевые особенности и разделение пользователей на внешних и внутренних в зависимости от целей проведения анализа и имеющегося у них доступа к необходимой информации, что позволяет повысить точность оценки и экономическую эффективность предпринимаемых действий, а также обеспечить сбалансированное управление социальными инициативами. / The efficiency of social investment influences directly its competitive capacity, attraction for investors, relationship with employees, citizens and authorities. The aim of Master's thesis is development of theoretical and methodological bases of assessment of efficiency of social investment in the industrial enterprises. The thesis examines theoretical aspects and approaches to assessment of efficiency of corporate social investment in the industrial enterprises. As a source of information educational and methodological, scientific-research literature are used, as well as data of state and corporate statistics. In Master's thesis the methodological approach to assessment of efficiency of social investment in the industrial enterprises is developed. The distinctive features of this approach are the orientation on the industry practices and the division into external and internal users depending on the aims of analysis and the available access to the needed information, that allows increasing the accuracy and economic efficiency of assessment of undertaken actions and provides balanced management of social initiatives.

Climate change has become an important concern for most governments in the current day. The impact of global warming on economic productivity, human welfare and environmental sustainability is becoming increasingly apparent to most people on the planet, resulting in a rapid evolution of policy instruments which are capable of addressing the issue of climate change. The ultimate aim of these policy instruments is to influence corporate activity to environmentally sustainable behaviour. The two most common policy instruments to effect change to most environmentally sustainable behaviour is carbon taxation and cap-and-trade schemes. Linked to climate change and environmental sustainability is the concept of sustainable development which encompasses environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability. These principles are formalized and made relevant for companies in the form of the triple bottom line. In South Africa, National Treasury implemented a carbon excise tax in 2010 for the motor vehicle manufacturing industry in response to the problem of global warming, and published a discussion document in support of their decision to implement carbon tax. The document highlighted reasons for the choice of carbon tax over other policy instruments such as cap-and-trade schemes and penalties. Even though the choice for carbon tax was assessed from an environmental perspective, the concept of sustainable development encompasses environmental, economic and social sustainability. The subject matter for the 1st article was to compare the two most widely used climate change instruments, known as cap-and-trade schemes and carbon tax, from the broader perspective of sustainable development. This included an analysis of the effects of both instruments on both greenhouse gases as well as economic indicators such as gross domestic product (GDP) and fiscal revenue. Linked to the implementation of any instrument designed to address carbon emissions is the concept of the social cost of carbon (SCC). The SCC is an estimate of the associated monetary cost of the damage cause by emitting one additional ton of carbon into the atmosphere. In a perfect world the SCC would be equal to, or lower than, the carbon tax price. National Treasury‟s carbon tax price has never been assessed from an economic perspective and in particular whether the price equates to the SCC from a feasibility viewpoint. The testing of the carbon tax price against the SCC from an economic perspective was the subject of the 2nd article, which then also evaluated the impact of carbon tax on motor vehicle manufacturer‟s production techniques and vehicle fuel efficiency. Under the assumption that the carbon tax price approximates the SCC it is arguable that companies are effectively paying for the damage cost to the environment in the form of the carbon excise tax implemented. If the argument holds true, then the corporate social investment expenditure may well be adjusted since corporate responsibilities to the environment have been partially addressed by the payment of carbon tax. The impact of carbon tax on CSI expenditure by motor vehicle manufacturers in South Africa was the subject of the 3rd article in the thesis. Furthermore, also linked to the implementation of carbon taxation for the motor vehicle industry is the financial and sustainability reporting of the motor vehicle manufacturers‟ tax in the sustainability report and financial statements. Since carbon tax was designed to promote behaviour toward a lower carbon footprint, evidence that such behaviour is being affected can be observed in a company‟s sustainability report, which specifies the company‟s planned path to carbon reduction in accordance with the disclosure standards set in the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). In terms of financial accounting there is no specific International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) statement dealing with carbon tax, and the correct treatment thereof will have to be interpreted in accordance with existing accounting standards on revenue (IAS 18) and provisions (IAS 37). The subject matter of 4th article assessed motor vehicle manufacturers reporting compliance of carbon tax transactions in accordance with IFRS and the GRI. In summary, the implementation of carbon tax in South Africa is seen as a significant move in the fight against climate change. If the instrument is to be considered effective it must prove to be sustainable from an environmental, economic and social perspective. The effectiveness of the instrument can only be measured if it was accurately reported in the financial statements and sustainability reports in accordance with IFRS and the GRI. Furthermore, the instrument should not be seen as an opportunity by motor vehicle manufacturers to forego corporate responsibility to environment and thus should not impact CSI expenditure which is a significant part of the welfare contribution by South African businesses to the people of South Africa. / PhD (Tax), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Climate change has become an important concern for most governments in the current day. The impact of global warming on economic productivity, human welfare and environmental sustainability is becoming increasingly apparent to most people on the planet, resulting in a rapid evolution of policy instruments which are capable of addressing the issue of climate change. The ultimate aim of these policy instruments is to influence corporate activity to environmentally sustainable behaviour. The two most common policy instruments to effect change to most environmentally sustainable behaviour is carbon taxation and cap-and-trade schemes. Linked to climate change and environmental sustainability is the concept of sustainable development which encompasses environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability. These principles are formalized and made relevant for companies in the form of the triple bottom line. In South Africa, National Treasury implemented a carbon excise tax in 2010 for the motor vehicle manufacturing industry in response to the problem of global warming, and published a discussion document in support of their decision to implement carbon tax. The document highlighted reasons for the choice of carbon tax over other policy instruments such as cap-and-trade schemes and penalties. Even though the choice for carbon tax was assessed from an environmental perspective, the concept of sustainable development encompasses environmental, economic and social sustainability. The subject matter for the 1st article was to compare the two most widely used climate change instruments, known as cap-and-trade schemes and carbon tax, from the broader perspective of sustainable development. This included an analysis of the effects of both instruments on both greenhouse gases as well as economic indicators such as gross domestic product (GDP) and fiscal revenue. Linked to the implementation of any instrument designed to address carbon emissions is the concept of the social cost of carbon (SCC). The SCC is an estimate of the associated monetary cost of the damage cause by emitting one additional ton of carbon into the atmosphere. In a perfect world the SCC would be equal to, or lower than, the carbon tax price. National Treasury‟s carbon tax price has never been assessed from an economic perspective and in particular whether the price equates to the SCC from a feasibility viewpoint. The testing of the carbon tax price against the SCC from an economic perspective was the subject of the 2nd article, which then also evaluated the impact of carbon tax on motor vehicle manufacturer‟s production techniques and vehicle fuel efficiency. Under the assumption that the carbon tax price approximates the SCC it is arguable that companies are effectively paying for the damage cost to the environment in the form of the carbon excise tax implemented. If the argument holds true, then the corporate social investment expenditure may well be adjusted since corporate responsibilities to the environment have been partially addressed by the payment of carbon tax. The impact of carbon tax on CSI expenditure by motor vehicle manufacturers in South Africa was the subject of the 3rd article in the thesis. Furthermore, also linked to the implementation of carbon taxation for the motor vehicle industry is the financial and sustainability reporting of the motor vehicle manufacturers‟ tax in the sustainability report and financial statements. Since carbon tax was designed to promote behaviour toward a lower carbon footprint, evidence that such behaviour is being affected can be observed in a company‟s sustainability report, which specifies the company‟s planned path to carbon reduction in accordance with the disclosure standards set in the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). In terms of financial accounting there is no specific International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) statement dealing with carbon tax, and the correct treatment thereof will have to be interpreted in accordance with existing accounting standards on revenue (IAS 18) and provisions (IAS 37). The subject matter of 4th article assessed motor vehicle manufacturers reporting compliance of carbon tax transactions in accordance with IFRS and the GRI. In summary, the implementation of carbon tax in South Africa is seen as a significant move in the fight against climate change. If the instrument is to be considered effective it must prove to be sustainable from an environmental, economic and social perspective. The effectiveness of the instrument can only be measured if it was accurately reported in the financial statements and sustainability reports in accordance with IFRS and the GRI. Furthermore, the instrument should not be seen as an opportunity by motor vehicle manufacturers to forego corporate responsibility to environment and thus should not impact CSI expenditure which is a significant part of the welfare contribution by South African businesses to the people of South Africa. / PhD (Tax), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Social entrepreneurship and international business theory have not been properly introduced. Many authors conducted micro-studies within their field of interest but limited information has been published on the opportunity selection models and entry mode strategies that social entrepreneurs use to venture into foreign countries. The primary purpose of this study was then to introduce these distinct industries to one-another, transferring international business's best practices into the social entrepreneurship arena. The outcome of the study is a Global Social Investment Model that will empower social entrepreneurs and investors with a means to structure their project proposals prior to entering a new country and to highlight problem areas within their existing proposals. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / M.B.L.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:40:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 POLLYANA DE FREITAS ANDRADE.pdf: 1328160 bytes, checksum: b4ac49bc4d92a3d57210ee4d58a88f3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-22 / Private social investments are presented as an important form of activity in the business sector which supports the mitigation of socio economic issues. Such investments are made through environmental and social projects of public interest. However, despite the importance of the topic, there are only few academic researches aimed at improving the allocation of business resources in private social investments. This research aims to contribute to this scenario through implementation and analysis of multi-criteria decision support method ELECTRE I, which separates the process of decision-making from the subjectivity and increases the potential for efficient selection of projects. / Os investimentos sociais privados apresentam-se como importante forma de atuação do setor empresarial junto à busca da mitigação de problemas sociais. Tais investimentos são realizados por meio de projetos sociais, ambientais e sociais de interesse público. Nota-se que, apesar da relevância do tema, existem poucos estudos voltados ao aprimoramento da alocação dos recursos empresariais nesta área. A pesquisa visa contribuir para este cenário por meio de aprofundamento e aplicação do método multicritério de apoio à decisão ELECTRE I, por meio do qual o processo de tomada de decisão distancia-se da subjetividade e amplia o potencial de seleção eficiente de projetos.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-09-22T18:32:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gisele Dayane Milani.pdf: 1281368 bytes, checksum: 8c21610e2a2f649281ba74f5d44ed445 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-22T18:32:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gisele Dayane Milani.pdf: 1281368 bytes, checksum: 8c21610e2a2f649281ba74f5d44ed445 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-09 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation aims to examine the interface of Social Work with Private Social Investment. This study seems to be a pioneer in the Social Work area. Our overall objective was to identify and analyze private social investment and its interface with social work in companies, institutes and foundations associated with Group of Institutes Foundations and Companies - GIFE, located in São Paulo. Therefore, we used GIFE’s concept of private social investment that defines as a private investment and the public interest for projects and external social programs in a planned, monitored and systematic way. Private social investment in Brazil has developed closely along with the movement of corporate social responsibility. In light of the foregoing, we have demonstrated that within the conjunct of stakeholders of corporate social responsibility, there is the community, which within this relation model, represents private social investment. Corporate social responsibility is presented by coverage and complexity, as a management model; and private social investment as an appropriate instrument for managing relationships and connections with the external community. In methodological terms, this dissertation is based on a theoretical perspective founded on the dialectical method. Our research is qualitative and to solve the issue, we did bibliographic research and field research in organizations associated with GIFE. We presented the changes in the historical scenario which contributed to the emergence and development of the theme. Besides that, we took sustainable development into consideration, a macro theme with growing importance in the current social scenario with direct relations to corporate social responsibility and private social investment. With this analytical trajectory and field research with members of GIFE, we have identified that private social investment constitutes a labor camp for the Social Worker, but with reduced visibility and little presence of these professionals. And when a social worker’s expertise is required, they work on “the expressions of social question” manifested in particular aspects of the working class, especially those concerning education, social assistance, food and health. The demands make evident a more focused action to the “extra wall” of the organizations. Due to our relationship with the Master’s Degree program of the Université Grenoble Alpes - UGA, we have also presented corporate social responsibility and private social investment in France / A presente dissertação de mestrado tem como objeto a interface do Serviço Social com o Investimento Social Privado, estudo que parece ser pioneiro na área do Serviço Social. Nosso objetivo geral foi conhecer e analisar o investimento social privado e sua interface com o Serviço Social em empresas, institutos e fundações associadas ao Grupo de Institutos Fundações e Empresas - GIFE, situadas na cidade de São Paulo. Para tanto, utilizamos o conceito de investimento social privado do GIFE, que o define para delinear investimentos privados de interesse público em projetos e programas sociais externos de forma planejada, monitorada e sistemática. O desenvolvimento do investimento social privado no Brasil ocorreu de um modo muito próximo ao movimento da responsabilidade social empresarial. Do exposto, podemos afirmar que dentro do conjunto de stakeholders da responsabilidade social empresarial, destaca-se a comunidade, a qual, dentro desse modelo de relação, representa o investimento social privado. A responsabilidade social empresarial se apresenta, então, pela abrangência e complexidade, como um modelo de gestão; já o investimento social privado, como um instrumento apropriado de relação e conexão com a comunidade externa. Em termos metodológicos, esta dissertação tem como base uma perspectiva teórica ancorada no método dialético. Nossa pesquisa é qualitativa e, para o equacionamento do objeto, realizamos pesquisas bibliográficas e de campo, nas organizações associadas ao GIFE. Abordamos as mudanças ocorridas no cenário histórico e que contribuíram para o surgimento e desenvolvimento do tema em questão. Além disso, tecemos considerações sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável, tema macro que assume crescente importância no atual cenário social e que possui relação direta com a responsabilidade social empresarial e com o investimento social privado. Com esse percurso analítico e com a pesquisa de campo realizada junto aos associados do GIFE, identificamos que o investimento social privado se constitui em um campo ocupacional do/a assistente social, porém, com pouca visibilidade e pouca presença de tais profissionais. Também vimos que, quando requisitado, o/a assistente social atua nas expressões da questão social que se manifestam em aspectos peculiares da classe trabalhadora, sobretudo aqueles relativos à educação, à assistência social, à alimentação e à saúde. As demandas, destarte, evidenciam uma atuação voltada ao “extra muro” das organizações. Devido ao nosso vínculo com o mestrado da Université Grenoble Alpes – UGA, apresentamos, também, a responsabilidade social empresarial e o Investimento Socialmente Responsável na realidade francesa

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:45:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jaqueline Abrantes Goncalves.pdf: 1211906 bytes, checksum: a1cba8da2127cf2d78f61245e0c0015a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Third sector organizations need to raise funds in order to guarantee their mission and the quality of services offered. Fundraising, whether through intersectoral partnerships or other sources of finance, enables their sustainability. This study profiles the sources of finance that provide financial resources to third sector organizations as well as the criteria behind the financing of social projects. The study assumed that was no bias in the choice of organizations benefited by the sources of finance. The study conducted was both qualitative and quantitative, and it covered 83 (eighty three) organizations that deal with social investment. From these, 48 (forty eight) financially support projects from third parties. The study identified the impossibility of setting the sources of finance in a single category. Due to lack of information, the inference that the sources always benefit the same organizations cannot be made. The number of sources has grown through the years, providing the creation of partnerships that generate innovative alternatives to sustain the third sector / Para garantir sua missão e a qualidade dos serviços prestados, as organizações do terceiro setor necessitam captar recursos. É a prática de captação de recursos, seja através da formação de parcerias intersetoriais, seja através dos fundos de financiamento, que lhes permite alcançar sua sustentabilidade. Este estudo delineia o perfil dos fundos de financiamento que disponibilizam recursos financeiros para as organizações do terceiro setor, e os critérios para financiamento dos projetos sociais. Pressupõese que não haja variação entre as organizações beneficiadas pelos fundos de financiamento. A pesquisa realizada, de natureza quantiqualitativa, abrange 83 (oitenta e três) organizações que realizam investimento social, e destas, 48 (quarenta e oito) que financiam projetos de terceiros. Constatouse que não é possível definir um perfil único dos fundos de financiamento. Pela ausência de informações, não se pode inferir que os fundos beneficiam sempre as mesmas organizações. O número de fundos tem aumentado ao longo dos anos, proporcionando a criação de parcerias que geram alternativas inovadoras para a sustentabilidade do terceiro setor

El objeto de este trabajo es evaluar la performance financiera de una muestra de fondos europeos de renta variable y analizar si existe una relación entre, por una parte, invertir en empresas socialmente responsables (factor social de la inversión), el tipo de política de inversión del fondo (criterios de selección negativos y/o positivos), y la calidad de la información utilizada por los gestores de fondos en sus decisiones de inversión, y por otra, la performance financiera de los fondos. Se propone dos tipos de análisis diferentes para comparar los resultados: uno clásico utilizado con frecuencia en la investigación empírica sobre el tema basado en el contraste de diferencia de medias (test de Mann-Whitney), y otro enfoque más innovador basado en la técnica multivariante de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). La principal conclusión obtenida por este trabajo es que la aplicación de criterios sociales en las decisiones de inversión conlleva un coste para los inversores en términos de una menor rentabilidad. / The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a sample of European equity funds and to examine whether there is any relationship between, on one hand, the investment in socially responsible firms (social factor of the investment), the type of investment policy (negative and positive screening), and the quality of information used by fund managers in their investment decisions and, on the other, the financial performance of funds. Two kinds of analysis are proposed to compare the results: one classical commonly used in empirical research into the subject based on the bivariate testing of difference in means (Mann-Whitney test), and another, more innovative approach, based on the multivariate technique of structural equation models (SEM). The main conclusion of this study is that the application of social criteria in investment decisions carries a cost to the investor in terms of lower return.

[pt] Como uma pesquisa exploratória, o estudo em questão gera algum conhecimento a respeito das dificuldades encontradas, pelos investidores, na decisão de investimentos e seleção de projetos sociais desenvolvidos por instituições sociais ou organizações sem fins lucrativos. Por meio de entrevistas, com experts no assunto, levanta aspectos sobre o atual estágio dos processos seletivos, adotados pelas empresas, órgãos governamentais e não-governamentais. Enfatizando o processo decisório de investimentos sociais nas organizações, destaca a necessidade de qualificação dos profissionais alocados para gerir as ações sociais, tanto pelo lado do investidor, quanto pelo lado dos proponentes dos projetos sociais. Ressalta também a insegurança e a indefinição das empresas quanto ao posicionamento estratégico de seus investimentos sociais frente ao posicionamento e qualificação relacionados às ações do core business da empresa. / [en] This exploratory research generates some knowledge concerning the difficulties investors have in selection and deciding upon projects developed presented by social institutions or non profit organizations to receive financial benefits. Interviews with experts were used to access the processes, adopted by the companies, government agencies and non-government organizations to make decisions. The study concentrated on the decision process of social investments and concluded that, in general, both sides - decision maker (grantmaker) and project managers (grantseeker)- need a more professional approach to the decision context. Problems such as insecurity and for ambiguity point to need of investors to approach this area of work at a strategic level as they do to their core business.