<p> Thinspiration and pro eating disorder (&ldquo;pro ana&rdquo;) social media content is prevalent and widely used by sufferers of eating disorders (ED). The risks associated with thinspiration and pro anorexia social media include continued disordered eating, poor self-esteem and perpetual body image dissatisfaction leading to depression and other psychological problems. However, little is known about why females continue to seek out this media or what are the reported impacts of continued usage. The goal of this research is to expand on current knowledge of the influence of social media imagery such as &ldquo;thinspiration&rdquo; and &ldquo;pro ana&rdquo; on disordered eating. The researcher qualitatively examined if sufferers use thinspiration to further their eating disorders (ED) and if sufferers report negative uses, feelings, behavior, family problems, life choices, body-image satisfaction or dissatisfaction when using social media platforms that promote or participate in thinspiration or pro ana. The study employed a confidential internet survey of 20 females, 18 years or older. Feedback was evaluated using a qualitative content analysis. Additionally, the author used the &ldquo;uses and gratification theory&rdquo; to explain how sufferers gravitate toward and participate in damaging social media platforms to prolong their ED. Young females suffering from ED reported using social media as part of their daily lives and reported negative impacts from this influence such as trouble with school, relationships, negative self-esteem, guilt, depression and body image dissatisfaction. The implications of these findings are discussed throughout the paper. It was concluded that thinspiration and pro ana social media represent a powerful and often damaging communication medium for those suffering from ED and can be a contributing factor to the severity and length of disordered eating.</p>

<p> This research explores the experience of displacement and resettlement for Rwandan and Congolese refugees in New Hampshire, highlighting cultural perspectives and values that contribute to psychosocial resilience and a restored sense of well-being in these communities. Participants elaborated on their childhood experiences of culture, the disruptions of war and displacement, and their experience of resettlement and adjustment to life in the United States. The research considers the cultural perspectives and values that have contributed to well-being within African refugee communities, and that can generate a sense of stability as refugees negotiate cultural expectations in new homes. The research also considers intercultural relationships and relationships of psychosocial accompaniment. Phenomenological and ethnographic methodologies were used to gather and analyze data through the lens of liberation psychology and depth psychology. Decolonizing methodologies, including a commitment to reflexive practice and psychosocial accompaniment, were also integrated. Data was gathered through semi-formal interviews, focus groups, observations, and researcher field notes. Rarely are refugees invited by resettlement researchers to reflect on patterns of repair, restoration, and the generation of culturally informed adaptations. Participants in this study reveal their experience of culture, overlooked challenges, and the creative adaptations that generate possibilities for success and restored balance in families and communities. The research offers an approach to engaging cultural communities in responding to the challenge of resettlement with integrity, while drawing on resilience and familiar cultural patterns.</p>

Denna uppsats undersöker sex stycken kvinnors upplevelser, erfarenheter och känslor i deras nuvarande eller blivande arbete inom mansdominerade yrken efter avslutande studier. Syftet i denna studie är att få fördjupad kunskap om vilka faktorer som avgjorde valet av yrke, vilka reaktioner det fanns från närstående, vilka upplevelser de har av att ha arbetat inom ett mansdominerat yrke, samt hur deras framtidsplaner inom yrket ser ut. Denna studie är kvalitativ då vi intervjuade sex kvinnor i åldrarna 20–29 år. I intervjuerna framgick det att hälften av informanterna inte ser sig arbeta inom samma yrke om några år, detta kanske på grund utav det nuvarande individualistiska samhället som präglar människan med flertalet valmöjligheter. Med utgångspunkt i denna uppsats så bör framtida forskning undersöka fler och andra mansdominerade yrken än måleri, el, och lantbruk som undersöktes i denna studie. Det skulle vara intressant att få en djupare kunskap om varför de vill byta yrke samt om deras förväntningar de hade om yrket överensstämde med hur verkligheten faktiskt såg ut. För att kunna dra generella slutsatser bör en större studie genomföras med fler informanter för att uppnå högre reliabilitet dock så styrker andra studier resultatet. / Except

<p> Those rejecting the official accounts of significant suspicious and impactful events are often labeled conspiracy theorists and the alternative explanations they propose are often referred to as conspiracy theories. These labels are often used to dismiss the beliefs of those individuals who question potentially hegemonic control of what people believe. The conspiracy theory concept functions as an impediment to legitimate discursive examination of conspiracy suspicions. The effect of the label appears to constrain even the most respected thinkers. This impediment is particularly problematic in academia, where thorough, objective analysis of information is critical to uncovering truth, and where members of the academy are typically considered among the most important of epistemic authorities. This dissertation tracked the development and use of such terms as pejoratives used to shut down critical thinking, analysis, and challenges to authority. This was accomplished using critical discourse analysis as a research methodology. Evidence suggesting government agents were instrumental in creating the pejorative meme conspiracy theorist was found in contemporary media. Tracing the evolution of the conspiracy theory meme and its use as a pejorative silencer may heighten awareness of its use in this manner and diminish its impact. </p>

This study was an investigation of the attribution of social causality by delinquents and non-delinquents. For this purpose, an attempt was made to construct a locus of control scale with item contents relevant to the limited life spaces of young people. The resulting Causal Attribution Scale for Children (C.A.S.C.) yielded validity and reliability indices good enough to encourage its use in the substantive investigation. To test the similarity in developmental antecedents between internal control orientation and high self-esteem, the relationship between the attributional orientations of subjects and their self-esteem was investigated along with sex, age and social class differences in both constructs. Delinquents were drawn from a remand home, a community home, and borstal institutions. Controls were drawn from various secondary schools, a technical college, and from a group of interviewees for university places. Results showed that delinquents were both significantly more external in control orientation and lower in self-esteem than controls. Intra-delinquent group differences showed that remand home delinquents were significantly more external but nonsignificant ly lower in self-esteem than all other groups of delinquents. Community home delinquents, though of the same age range as remand home delinquents, did well enough to be non-significantly different in both constructs from the much older borstal subjects. Suggestions that could yield administrative and therapeutic advantages were made. While borstal boys were more internal in orientation and higher in self-esteem than borstal girls, female controls were more internal than male controls but lower in self-esteem than the latter. No social class differences were found. Delinquency played a major role vis a vis the differences foundin the study. In contrast to controls, delinquents were also significantly more inclined to positive reinforcements. Locus of control correlated more highly with self-esteem for controls than for delinquents and more highly for males than for females, possibly reflecting the differential treatment by society of males, females, and young offenders. It was concluded that, among other things, a refined C.A.S.C. with the T.S.C.S. could effectively aid the detection and management of problems of delinquency.

In a series of experimental investigations using videotaped stimulus materials, individuals evaluated pieces of social behaviour for 'pleasantness'. Some of the pieces of social behaviour were consistently pleasant, others were consistently unpleasant and some were inconsistent (ie. pleasant verbally and unpleasant nonverbally, and vice versa.) Evaluations of pleasantness proved to be very consistent across both individuals and experiments and appeared unaffected by variations in measured personality traits, with the sole exception of Machiavellianism (Mach.) High-Machs tended to give more positive pleasantness judgements. Two other factors caused slight but consistent variations In pleasantness judgements. Females were found to exhibit a tendency to give more positive judgements than males. Older individuals showed the same tendency, regardless of sex. In some experiments, Mach. and sex of individual were found to interact: female high-Machs tended to give more positive evaluations than all other individuals. Taking these factors into account, little remaining variation is left in the judgements of pleasantness; so little that it was hypothesized that the process of judging pleasantness is supra-personal and likely to be culturally determined.

This study examines the process of construct-element interaction in the repertory grid. It involves a more detailed analysis of grid functioning than is usual. It is proposed that within one subsystem, and within its range of convenience, a construct may not he used in a uniform way of all the elements in a grid. Instead, its application may change with each element considered as a separate context. This may cause difficulty in determining the organisation of constructs in the grid. The study aims to (i) examine the notion of construet-element interaction in relation to aspects of personal construct theory. (ii) Investigate the process of construct-element interaction in the grid. (iii) See if interaction produces functionally dissimilar implications. (iv) Determine when such implications are most likely to he produced. This is an exploratory study. Results and arguments presented indicate that (i) Interaction is not an isolated methodological phenomenon hut is closely related to aspects of personal construct theory. (ii) Interaction produces at least verbally different implications and often functionally dissimilar ones. (iii) Various factors, especially the hierarchical position of a construct contribute to the production of functionally different implications.

<p> Building off of previous research, the study undertook to design a taxonomic classification: defining, codifying, and validating microaggressions experienced by sexual minorities. The resultant classification is intended to serve as a conceptual framework if utilized to effectuate an assessment tool assessing microaggressions against sexual minorities. Initial points of interest included an overview of complex historical shifts increasingly traversing the present zeitgeist, and additionally, theoretical justifications for the chosen methodological approach and subsequent suppositions. This served two purposes; the first availed the reader with a contextual narrative to help facilitate a conceptual overview of the target group(s), and additionally, orient readers to the theoretical underpinnings of this study, preserving the integrity and trustworthiness of the present research. Second, variegated extant research was reviewed and elucidated to explore and explain the covert and insidious phenomenon. Concurrently, research related to racial microaggressions was included due to the abundant and judicious literature, furthering one&rsquo;s conceptualization of microaggressions as well as fortifying external validation among relevant sexual minority categories. </p><p> Heterogeneous literature and the deconstruction of sexual minority microaggressions were examined, interpreted, and presented. Attention to operational definitions&mdash;consistent or otherwise, implicit forms of communication, and sociocultural relationships and interactions, including any purported causal and risk factors were investigated. This study identified categorical constructs related to sexual minority microaggressions, tools for design of an assessment measure, and a methodological approach, served to validate and substantiate a future proposed measurement using additional studies were discussed and recommended.</p>

<p> The university environment in science can feel unwelcoming for ethnic underrepresented minority (URM) students due to cultural incongruity. Thus, it can be difficult for a Latino student&mdash;seeking congruity in social and value domains&mdash;to develop a coherent identity as both an ethnic minority and as an emerging scientist. Using longitudinal archival data spanning an academic year, the proposed study sought to examine whether and how motivational experiences for freshmen and sophomores contribute to identity processes, specifically among Latinos in science education. Current hypotheses were mostly unsupported, but unexpected findings suggests there is room to explore a differential influence of Social Congruity and Value Congruity on two components of Identity Integration: Conflict and Closeness. Greater Social and Value Congruity at the beginning of the academic semester independently and positively predicted greater Conflict and Closeness at the end of the same semester, respectively. Potential interpretations and implications are discussed.</p>

<p> Both self-control and disinhibition (an aspect of sensation seeking) are associated with alcohol use. Self-control is negatively related to alcohol use while disinhibition is positively related to alcohol use. However it is unknown whether disinhibition and self-control each predict unique variance in alcohol use. Objective: The objective was to test for independent and joint effects of disinhibition and self-control on alcohol use. Methods: College-enrolled young adults (n = 259; 198 = female) participated in a longitudinal study where questionnaires were administered at each of 2 time points, separated by 3 weeks. Questionnaires assessed disinhibition, self-control, heavy episodic drinking (HED), social weekend drinking (SWD) and demographic information. Results: Hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed the presence of a statistically significant interaction between self-control and disinhibition predicting both HED (&beta; = -.14, p &lt; .01, sr = -.13) and SWD (&beta; = -.10, p &lt; .05, sr = -.09). The nature of the interaction was such that disinhibition was a positive predictor of alcohol use when self-control was low, but not when self-control was high. Conclusions: Results suggest that when both disinhibition and self-control are considered simultaneously, self-control moderates the relationship between disinhibition and alcohol use.</p>