This thesis compares and contrasts rules-based and principles-based approaches to the regulation of derivative securities and examines these approaches in the context of derivative securities regulation in Thailand and Québec. It highlights the importance of derivatives regulation by briefly noting the role of derivatives in the 2007-2008 financial crisis. Context is provided by briefly noting the complexity and riskiness of derivatives, and the function of intermediaries in derivatives markets. With this context in mind, literature on rules-based regulation and principles-based regulation is examined. The two approaches are described and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are highlighted. The thesis posits that the approach in Thailand is predominantly rules-based while the approach in Québec is predominantly principles-based. The thesis then argues that Québec may have been better positioned than Thailand to adopt a principles-based approach, given its longer experience with trading in public securities markets, its greater degree of specialization in derivatives markets, and the significantly higher volume of derivatives trading in Québec. These factors may have promoted a greater degree of regulatory expertise and self-regulatory organization experience. It is then argued that even though Thailand, and countries at a similar stage of derivatives market development, may not be in as good a position as Québec to adopt a principles-based regulatory approach, once the derivatives market has been established, a shift to principles-based regulation is, nonetheless, likely to better serve the regulatory goals of risk management and innovation.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 9, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 449-472).

Zugl.: Köln, Univ., Diss.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Psychology, 2006. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 213-232).

La thèse porte sur les nouvelles approches de la gestion des risques. Elle aborde cette question en s'intéressant aux conditions d'élaboration et de partage des représentations dans les situations d'action collective. Le phénomène du quiproquo, étonnement peu étudié dans la littérature, sert ici de modèle archétypal dans la mesure où les représentations des acteurs (savoirs, conversations, informations..) les conduisent à une mise en danger collective alors que tout leur semble être conforme aux règles en place et aux observations qu'ils peuvent faire. Ce modèle s'est avéré d'une grande pertinence à la fois pour relire des cas célèbres de la littérature (Weick sur Tenerife) et pour analyser des accidents récents (l'effondrement du tunnel du nouveau métro en plein Paris). <br /><br />A partir de ce modèle initial, la thèse présente une nouvelle approche contingente de la gestion des risques en analysant différents régimes de représentation du danger et de conception des règles de gestion associées. Cette analyse aboutit à mettre en évidence des formes d'organisations nouvelles notamment celles qu'adoptent des firmes produisant des logiciels antivirus ou celles des organisations humanitaires en cas de catastrophe naturelle. <br /><br />Elle permet donc de construire un tableau raisonné des stratégies possibles allant des stratégies traditionnelles basées sur la multiplication des règles (Système International d'Evaluation de la Sécurité (SIES) étudiée chez ATOFINA) où l'on pense pouvoir réduire les risques de quiproquo au minimum, aux stratégies les plus récentes qui se préparent activement à l'évolution rapide et à l'indétermination de la nature des dangers. Ces dernières savent que les représentations du risque ne sont pas données et que le risque de quiproquo est maximal, et s'organisent en conséquence.

La reconnaissance implicite de la liberté d'entreprendre dans le texte de la Déclaration des Droits de l'Homme de 1789 et sa consécration par le Conseil constitutionnel en 1982 lui confèrent un statut de liberté fondamentale. Reconnue également en droit européen, elle n'est pas sans soulever quelques interrogations quant à sa définition. Elle apparaît, de prime abord, comme la liberté de créer une entreprise. Elle comprend cependant, la faculté de gérer et d'exploiter l'entreprise en vue de réaliser un profit, de concurrencer, voire de dé-entreprendre et se retirer du monde des affaires. L'étude de droit privé de la liberté d'entreprendre peut être appréhendée sous deux angles distincts et complémentaires. La relativité de la liberté, liberté conçue comme une liberté formelle soumise à de nombreuses limitations ; l'effectivité de la liberté, qui s'analyse à travers les mécanismes de protection de droit interne et l'utilisation de normes européennes qui permettent la concrétisation

This thesis assesses the impact nonviolent protest has on structural conflicts when used by groups of people who are marginalized by repressive socio-economic institutions of society. Conflict Transformation focuses on changing the relationships between oppressive societal institutions and its people into just cooperative relationships through third party processes. Veronique Dudouet’s Contingent Conflict Transformation model focuses on the efforts of ‘ordinary people’ to address the destructive effects of structural violence. This model will be applied to a case study where two groups of women from the Niger Delta executed nonviolent campaigns against the Chevron oil company. The case study methodology is employed to analyze data to support the model’s confidence to effect change as well as offer considerations for improvement. The women of this study moved from a position of disenfranchisement to a position of empowerment when they negotiated an Agreement that reflected their demands in light of Chevron’s broken promises.

This thesis examines the current problematic relationship between the Canadian criminal justice system and the Snuneymuxw (Coast Salish) community. An historical analysis of the Canadian justice system, attempts to indigenize it and alternative indigenous justice processes were examined to determine their cultural relevance for the Snuneymuxw. The research also consisted of a qualitative analysis of twenty-one interviews with Snuneymuxw community members and Canadian criminal justice system officials along with my perspective as a police officer responsible for policing this community. In effect, this has added a deeper analysis of this issue with the goal of making substantive recommendations on how the Snuneymuxw peoples can establish a community-based and culturally relevant justice process, in accordance with their S’nuw’uy’ulh cultural teachings. Furthermore, this analysis will also recommend the relationship and connection of this process with the criminal justice system. This thesis is intended to guide the researcher, the Snuneymuxw community and potentially other indigenous communities with a process of developing and implementing a culturally relevant and appropriate model of justice for their community.

Tourism has the potential of leaving permanent footprints on the physical, cultural and economic environments of tourism destinations. Understanding and managing these footprints is paramount to understanding the industry, and to the successful management of the associated host-guest relationships. Research questions and objectives examine the concepts of tourism carrying capacity and tourism space to determine whether tourism development in Tofino, British Columbia has exceeded its limits of acceptable use. Data were collected through surveys directed to three stakeholder groups; local residents, tourism businesses and tourists. Data were analyzed using quantitative, qualitative and spatial means. The research found that tourism carrying capacity has not been exceeded for the business and tourist participants, but is divided within the resident stakeholder group. Perceived tourism space was similar for all participant groups, but some identified areas did not match the defined boundaries of tourism use set forth by the District of Tofino.

Marine protected areas (MPAs) may be implemented as a means of managing human impacts on the marine environment; however, MPAs commonly have both biological and social goals, which are often addressed through the use of multiple use marine zoning. In British Columbia, 900 km2 of the waters surrounding the southern Gulf Islands are under consideration for a National Marine Conservation Area (NMCA). Should the NMCA be created, a marine zoning plan will be developed for the region. Research has shown that MPAs and associated zoning schemes are unlikely to be successful at meeting their conservation objectives if they are not accepted by, and responsive to the needs of, stakeholders. This study examines recreational boating in the southern Gulf Islands, within the context of the proposed NMCA. Specific areas of focus include: (1) activities, setting preferences, and sources of perceived conflict amongst boaters, (2) dimensions of support for and opposition to the concept of marine zoning amongst boaters, and (3) spatial patterns of recreational boating in the region. Methods included a focus group and a face-to face questionnaire, delivered to boaters in the southern Gulf Islands from June – September, 2007 (n=543, response rate=92%). Results show that there is variability in the environmental, social, and managerial setting preferences of recreational boaters, and that boat type has an influence across all three categories. Furthermore, several activities emerged as sources of perceived conflict for recreational boaters. Reasons provided as to the nature of these conflicts indicate that while some may be potentially addressed through marine zoning, others may be better mitigated through education and communication strategies. While a majority of boaters are supportive of the general concept of marine zoning, there are some issues and concerns that will need to be addressed as MPA implementation proceeds. Support for marine zoning was found to be strongly related to perceived benefits, particularly environmental benefits. Major dimensions of opposition included perceptions of over-regulation, fears of losing access for boating, and mistrust of government involvement in managing the marine environment. Spatial data was collected by asking respondents to indicate on a map the route of their current boating trip, resulting in a rich spatial dataset for recreational boating in the region. Mapping and display of this data indicates both hotspot destinations and heavily traveled corridors for recreational boating; furthermore, because spatial data can be linked to questionnaire variables, this dataset can provide the basis for a great deal of customized mapping and analysis related to spatial patterns of boating. Given that little information on recreational boating in the region existed prior to this study, results from all three areas of focus together make a significant contribution to understanding recreational boating in the southern Gulf Islands, and provides valuable information for MPA planners and managers. In addition, this study also contributes to MPA research, recreation and leisure research, and research examining methods of spatially characterizing boating activity.