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The Impact of the Quality of Heterosexual and Homosexual Romantic Relatoinships on a Woman's Body Dissatisfaction and Eating PatternsKidwai, Ammaar 10 July 2013 (has links)
Romantic relationships are one of the most important relationships a woman will develop in her life. Women are often socialized to be compliant within their relationships, and are reminded of how a thin body type is ideal. The implications of this socialization can affect the way a woman feels about her body. The current study included 207 women who ranged in age from 18-30, were in a relationship (neither married nor engaged) for 6 months or longer, and identified as either being attracted to the same or opposite sex. Results of the study indicated a significant effect of higher levels of body dissatisfaction between both negative relationship quality, and increased engagement in unhealthy dietary behaviours. In addition, self-silencing was found to be a significant mediator in the relationship between relationship quality and both body dissatisfaction and unhealthy dietary behaviours. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are discussed.
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Prozesse organisationaler Sozialisation in Stamm- und Randbelegschaft / Organizational socialization processes in the core and peripheral workforce – an empirical study in skilled jobsZdravkovic, Diana 02 August 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Rund 30 Jahre Forschung verweisen auf die Rolle organisationaler Sozialisationstaktiken für die Entwicklung positiver Arbeitseinstellungen und -verhaltensweisen von neuen Mitarbeitern, insbesondere für zentrale Variablen wie der Rollenklarheit, der organisationalen Bindung, der Verbleibabsicht und der anfänglichen Arbeitsleistung. Da die überwiegende Mehrheit der empirischen Untersuchungen bisher aus den USA stammt, ist bislang ungeklärt, welche Zusammenhänge organisationale Sozialisationstaktiken in anderen, insbesondere weniger individualistischen Kulturen wie etwa Deutschland zeigen. Ebenso ist trotz des breiten Wachstums atypischer Beschäftigungsformen und ihrem vermehrten Vordringen in den qualifizierten Tätigkeitsbereich unbekannt, ob und wie Organisationen im Sinne der Humanressourcenallokationstheorie von Lepak & Snell (1999, 2002) die Anwendung von Sozialisationstaktiken an dem strategischen Wert und der Einzigartigkeit des jeweiligen Humankapitals ausrichten. Die vorliegende Längsschnitt-Studie vergleicht daher anhand einer Befragung von 359 Novizen aus mehr als 10 deutschen Organisationen wie Arbeitgeber neue Mitglieder aus Stamm- und Randbelegschaft sozialisieren. Sie prüft zudem die Zusammenhänge zwischen einem systematischen ‘Onboarding’ und zentralen Arbeitseinstellungen und -verhaltensweisen wie etwa der Arbeitsleistung, der Kreativität, der organisationalen Bindung, der Arbeitszufriedenheit und dem Stand des psychologischen Vertrages in den ersten Wochen und Monaten eines neuen Beschäftigungsverhältnisses.
Die Ergebnisse – vorrangig ermittelt über Verfahren der multivariaten Varianzanalyse und der multiplen linearen Regressionsanalyse – zeigen, dass ähnlich den bislang vorliegenden nord-amerikanischen Studien institutionalisierte Sozialisationstaktiken 6-8 Wochen nach Eintritt in die Organisation (t1) sowohl direkte als auch indirekte Zusammenhänge zu den Arbeitseinstellungen und -verhaltensweisen der neuen Mitarbeiter zeigten, insbesondere zu der affektiven organisationalen Bindung und dem Stand des psychologischen Vertrages. Auch konnten Hinweise für die in einigen Untersuchungen vorgefundene Hemmung kreativen Arbeitsverhaltens durch institutionalisierte Sozialisationstaktiken bestätigt werden. 6-8 Monate nach Eintritt in die Organisation (t2) fanden sich jedoch entweder keiner dieser Zusammenhänge mehr oder die auftretenden Effekte waren anders als hypothetisiert: Die neuen Mitarbeiter, die 6-8 Wochen nach Eintritt von einer intensiven Einarbeitung in Form institutionalisierter Sozialisationstaktiken sowie einer engen sozialen Einbindung in ihre Arbeitsgruppe berichteten, zeigten in t2 eine signifikant höhere Kündigungsabsicht und einen deutlich schlechteren Stand des psychologischen Vertrages, d.h. sie vertrauten ihrem Arbeitgeber deutlich weniger und bewerteten die Arbeitsbeziehung als wesentlich ungerechter.
Die Ergebnisse deuten auch darauf hin, dass Organisationen im Einklang mit der Humanressourcenallokationstheorie von Lepak & Snell (1999, 2002) Sozialisationstaktiken am strategischen Wert und an der Einzigartigkeit bzw. Betriebsspezifität des Humankapitals ausrichten. So berichteten Zeitarbeitnehmer in den ersten Wochen eines Einsatzes von einer deutlich informaleren, d.h. individualisierteren Einarbeitung als unbefristete Novizen. Aber auch neue Mitarbeiter mit Führungsverantwortung erfuhren im Vergleich zu Novizen ohne Weisungsbefugnis eine signifikant individualisiertere Sozialisation. Während jedoch neue Führungskräfte keine wesentlichen Unterschiede in ihren Arbeitseinstellungen und -verhaltensweisen aufwiesen, zeigten Zeitarbeitnehmer in den ersten Wochen eines neuen Einsatzes bei einer Entleihorganisation eine signifikant schwächere soziale Integration in die Arbeitsgruppe, eine deutlich niedrigere Arbeitszufriedenheit, eine schwächere affektive Bindung an den Entleiher, einen schlechteren Stand des psychologischen Vertrages und eine deutlich höhere Kündigungsabsicht.
Zusammengefasst können Arbeitgeber sehr wahrscheinlich über das Anbieten eines systematischen ‘Onboarding’ positive Arbeitseinstellungen und -verhaltensweisen auf Seiten ihrer neuen Mitglieder in den ersten Wochen eines neuen Beschäftigungsverhältnisses fördern. Da jedoch einige dieser Zusammenhänge für atypische Beschäftigte nicht aufgezeigt werden konnten, mag selbst eine derart umfassend organisierte Sozialisation negative Begleiterscheinungen einer atypischen Beschäftigung (z.B. Beschäftigungsunsicherheit, geringes Gehalt) nicht ohne weiteres kompensieren. Diese Befunde erhalten besonderes Gewicht durch aktuelle Entwicklungen, die darauf hindeuten, dass atypisch Beschäftigte zunehmend im qualifizierten Tätigkeitsbereich eingesetzt werden und sie zugleich immer länger in den jeweiligen Organisationen verbleiben. Auch die Ergebnisse über mögliche dysfunktionale Effekte institutionalisierter Sozialisationstaktiken wenige Monaten nach Eintritt deuten darauf hin, dass eine systematische Einarbeitung offenbar nicht per se Novizen motiviert und bindet, sondern dies bestimmten, bislang nicht untersuchten Bedingungen (z.B. Organisationsklima, Kohärenz mit dem übrigen Personalmanagement) unterliegt. / For more than 20 years Van Maanen & Schein’s (1979) organizational socialization tactics have been found to be crucial for initial work attitudes and behaviors of newcomers, especially for variables such as role ambiguity, organizational commitment, intention to stay, and performance. Most of these studies have been conducted in North America. Yet, if socialization tactics have similar effects in context of other cultures, especially less individualistic cultures such as Ger-many (Hofstede 1980; Oyserman et al. 2002) is still unclear. Further, it is unknown, if and how organizations differentiate socialization tactics depending on the strategic value and uniqueness of human capital according to Lepak & Snell’s (1999, 2002) human resource allocation theory. Thus, the given longitudinal study with 359 new hires in more than 10 German companies com-pared how employers socialize newcomers in the peripheral and contingent workforce and how a systematic ‘onboarding’, i.e. institutionalized socialization tactics affect central work attitudes and behaviors such as performance, creativity, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and state of psychological contract in the short-run as well as in the medium term.
Using multivariate analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis, results show that similar to North American studies organizational socialization tactics had direct and indirect relation-ships to initial work attitudes and behaviors 6-8 weeks after entry (t1), particularly to organiza-tional commitment and state of the psychological contract. As in some other surveys, institution-alized tactics also suppressed creative role behaviors of newcomers in t1. However, 6-8 months after entry (t2) either none of these relationships were found or reversed effects approached: new hires who experienced an institutionalized socialization and reported a high level of social integration into their work group in t1 showed higher turnover intention and lower trust in their employer in t2. Finally, coinciding with human resource allocation theory (Lepak & Snell 1999, 2002) findings show that organizations seem to differentiate socialization processes depending on the strategic value and uniqueness of their human capital. For example, compared to new core workers new temporary agency workers reported a highly informal socialization. Also, newly hired managers reported significant more individualized socialization tactics than non-managers; anyhow, this seems to bear no negative consequences for initial work attitudes and behaviors of new managers, but temporary agency workers showed significant lower social inte-gration, lower job satisfaction, less organizational commitment, higher turnover intentions and a poorer state of the psychological contract.
In sum, by offering systematic training and socialization employers seem to be able to foster positive work attitudes and behaviors of their new employees in the first weeks after entry. How-ever, since some direct positive relationships between institutionalized socialization tactics and distal work attitudes (e.g. organizational commitment, job satisfaction, turnover intention) did not appear for new contingent workers, even an institutionalized socialization may not be able to compensate for dissatisfactions resulting out of non-standard work arrangements (e.g. job inse-curity, low salary). These findings are especially critical given the fact that contingent workers are increasingly employed for qualified jobs and show growing tenures in (client) organizations. Further, even for new core workers the positive effects of an institutionalized socialization proc-ess do not seem to last in the long-run necessarily. Above all, findings indicate that if organiza-tions miss to configure their human resource management consistently so that an institutional-ized socialization is not followed by instruments such as human resource development, partici-pation or internal labor market and thus, is undermined by incongruent working conditions, it may evoke newcomer’s expectations which cannot be fulfilled and thus, may turn into dysfunc-tional work attitudes.
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Western Buddhist Experience: The Journey From Encounter to Commitment in Two Forms of Western BuddhismEddy, Glenys January 2007 (has links)
Doctor of Philosophy / This thesis explores the nature of the socialization and commitment process in the Western Buddhist context, by investigating the experiences of practitioners affiliated with two Buddhist Centres: the Theravadin Blue Mountains Insight Meditation Centre and the Gelugpa Tibetan Vajrayana Institute. Commitment by participants is based on the recognition that, through the application of the beliefs and practices of the new religion, self-transformation has occurred. It follows a process of religious experimentation in which the claims of a religious reality are experientially validated against inner understandings and convictions, which themselves become clearer as a result of experimental participation in religious activity. Functionally, the adopted worldview is seen to frame personal experience in a manner that renders it more meaningful. Meditative experience and its interpretation according to doctrine must be applicable to the improvement of the quality of lived experience. It must be relevant to current living, and ethically sustainable. Substantively, commitment is conditional upon accepting and succesfully employing: the three marks of samsaric existence, duhkha, anitya and anatman (Skt) as an interpretive framework for lived reality. In this the three groups of the Eight-fold Path, sila/ethics, samadhi/concentration, and prajna/wisdom provide a strategy for negotiating lived experience in the light of meditation techniques, specific to each Buddhist orientation, by which to apply doctrinal principles in one’s own transformation. Two theoretical approaches are found to have explanatory power for understanding the stages of intensifying interaction that lead to commitment in both Western Buddhist contexts. Lofland and Skonovd’s Experimental Motif models the method of entry into and exploration of a Buddhist Centre’s shared reality. Data from participant observation and interview demonstrates this approach to be facilitated by the organizational and teaching activities of the two Western Buddhist Centres, and to be taken by the participants who eventually become adherents. Individuals take an actively experimental attitude toward the new group’s activities, withholding judgment while testing the group’s doctrinal position, practices, and expected experiential outcomes against their own values and life experience. In an environment of minimal social pressure, transformation of belief is gradual over a period of from months to years. Deeper understanding of the nature of the commitment process is provided by viewing it in terms of religious resocialization, involving the reframing of one’s understanding of reality and sense-of-self within a new worldview. The transition from seekerhood to commitment occurs through a process of socialization, the stages of which are found to be engagement and apprehension, comprehension, and commitment. Apprehension is the understanding of core Buddhist notions. Comprehension occurs through learning how various aspects of the worldview form a coherent meaning-system, and through application of the Buddhist principles to the improvement of one’s own life circumstances. It necessitates understanding of the fundamental relationships between doctrine, practice, and experience. Commitment to the group’s outlook and objectives occurs when these are adopted as one’s orientation to reality, and as one’s strategy for negotiating a lived experience that is both efficacious and ethically sustainable. It is also maintained that sustained commitment is conditional upon continuing validation of that experience.
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Barns "växa vilt" och vuxnas vilja att forma : formell och informell socialisation i en muslimsk skola /Aretun, Åsa, January 2007 (has links)
Diss. Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2007.
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The female assistant principal stepping stone or stumbling block to the secondary school principalship /Gregg, Mary Jane. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Educational Leadership, 2007. / Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-124).
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Becoming a nurse : changing perceptions of nursing students' in a baccalaureate program /Latimer, Nancy L. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Toronto, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 293-314).
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Stimulating the socialization task of families within the local church reuniting the secular and the spiritual /Moore, Lynn D. January 1994 (has links)
Thesis (D. Min.)--Abilene Christian University, 1994. / Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-145).
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Creating hybrid knowledge a role for the professional integrationist /Gazan, Rich, January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 206-216).
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İlköğretim çağındaki çocukların sosyalleşmesinde popüler kültürün rolü (Isparta örneği) /Tuna, Meyrem. Kaya, Kamil. January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sosyoloji Anabilim Dalı, 2008. / Bibliyografya var.
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Self-esteem as ideology and practice : a study of narrative discourse practices among parents and preschool children in a middle-class, European-American community /Mintz, Judith Marsha. January 1999 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Psychology, Committee on Human Development, March 1999. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.
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