Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-09-26T12:21:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Beatriz Santos Samara.pdf: 13499929 bytes, checksum: 0b1d97dd5d3788184e4f791c5ec0509f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T12:21:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Beatriz Santos Samara.pdf: 13499929 bytes, checksum: 0b1d97dd5d3788184e4f791c5ec0509f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-16 / Based on the hypothesis of the emergence of the Lower Middle Class, in recent years in Brazil, this research inquires about the way of use and cell phone purchase reason by these segment individuals. Through reading several authors, this study aimed substantiate the problem that is appointed for this thesis, in other words, how the cell phone goes beyond the concept of being an asset and becomes an objective of social and cultural life, consumed by the Lower Middle Class. Its purpose, assumptions and objectives were developed, which led to a need for research, using a qualitative methodology with cell phone users, this already mentioned class. The authors mentioned here were: Souza, Torreta, Neri, Silva, Singer, Bourdieu, Appadurai, Canclini, Sato and Perez, Lemos, McCracken, Douglas and Isherwood and Certeau, who contributed in their works to think about the objectives and hypothesis of this study, which led us to conclude that cell phone for Lower Middle Class is essential and inseparable from the subject under study / Baseada na hipótese da emergência da denominada classe C nos últimos anos no Brasil, esta investigação indaga sobre o modo de uso e o motivo de compra dos celulares por indivíduos desse segmento. Mediante leitura de diversos autores, este trabalho buscou fundamentar o problema que ora é levantado para este estudo, isto é, de que maneira o celular ultrapassa o conceito de ser um bem e constitui-se em um objetivo de vida social e cultural consumido pela classe C. Com essa finalidade, foram levantadas hipóteses e objetivos que levaram à necessidade de pesquisa utilizando a metodologia qualitativa junto aos usuários dessa classe já mencionada. Os autores que fundamentam este estudo são: Souza, Torreta, Neri, Silva, Singer, Bourdieu, Appadurai, Canclini, Sato e Perez, Lemos, McCracken, Douglas e Isherwood e Certeau, os quais contribuíram com suas obras para pensar sobre os objetivos e hipóteses deste estudo, que nos levou a concluir que o celular, para a classe C, é fundamental e inseparável do sujeito em estudo

This thesis is focused on the impact of the events that are connected with the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. The main focus is on the socioeconomic impact those events had on the Gaza Strip and West Bank. Therefore, the first chapter of this thesis summarizes the development in the area of today's Israel, Gaza Strip and West Bank territories in the period before the formation of the state of Israel to today. The second chapter continues with the socioeconomic description of those territories since the year 1967 until today. This chapter shows the influence of the occupation on the socioeconomic situation in the areas mentioned above and describes the socioeconomic changes that appeared in connection with the peace process in the nineties and also explains the influence of the current events on the socioeconomic situation in both areas. The thesis ends with a chapter that is focused on the main problems that appear when negotiating about the final status of the Palestinian territories, including the economic issues, and it outlines a possible solution of those problems in the case of a hypothetical decision for the existence of two independent states -- Palestine and Israel.

Brazil is a country with enormous social differences and, alongside the advancements of the industrialdevelopment and the creation of a modern society, a large part of the Brazilian population lives under fairly poor conditions, providing their subsistence by the practice of traditional knowledge; employing primitive tools and methods. One example is the sector of artisanal fishery, which at present accounts for about half of the active fishermen in Brazil (Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, 2005). Even though these so called artisanal populations are not part of the industrialisation, they commonly suffer the consequences of the intense exploitation and unsustainable use of natural resources caused by the industrial development. The purpose of this report is to describe how the sustainability of the local artisanal fishermen population in Baía de Guanabara was affected by the oil spill at the Duque deCaxias refinery (REDUC) in January 2000. A further objective of the report is to answer how asustainable development of this population can be promoted in the future. In order to fulfil these objectives a field study was conducted in Baía de Guanabara, which included local fishermen fromfour different colonies and associations in the bay and key informants representing other stakeholders involved in the oil spill. In the report the impact of the accident on the artisanal fishermen population of Baía de Guanabara is described and several measures are discussed, which might be valuable inorder to promote a sustainable development of artisanal fishermen communities in the future. / www.ima.kth.se

This Minor Field Study was carried out during November and December in 2011 in the Mount Elgon District in Western Kenya. The objective was to examine nine small-scale farming household´s land use and socioeconomic situation when they have joined a non-governmental organization (NGO) project, which specifically targets small-scale farming households to improve land use system and socioeconomic situation by the extension of soil and water conservation measures. The survey has worked along three integral examinations methods which are mapping and processing data using GIS, semi structured interviews and literature studies.   This study has adopted a theoretical approach referred to as political ecology, in which landesque capital is a central concept. The result shows that all farmers, except one, have issues with land degradation. However, the extent of the problem and also implemented sustainable soil and water conservation measures were diverse among the farmers. The main causes of this can both be linked to how the farmers themselves utilized their farmland and how impacts from the climate change have modified the terms of the farmers working conditions. These factors have consequently resulted in impacts on the informants’ socioeconomic conditions. Furthermore it was also registered that social and economic elements, in some cases, were the causes of how the farmers manage their farmland. The farmer who had no significant problem with soil erosion had invested in trees and opportunities to irrigate the farmland. In addition, it was also recorded that certain farmers had invested in particular soil and water conservation measures without any significant result. This was probably due to the time span these land measures cover before they start to generate revenue.  The outcome of this study has traced how global, national and local elements exist in a context when it comes to the conditions of the farmers´ land use and their socioeconomic situation. The farmers atMt.Elgon are thereby a component of a wider context when they are both contributory to their socioeconomic situation, mainly due to their land management, and also exposed to core-periphery relationships on which the farmers themselves have no influence.