published_or_final_version / Linguistics / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of English

published_or_final_version / English Studies / Master / Master of Arts

by Lau Chun Ip. / Bibliography: leaves 99-103 / Thesis (M.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1985

by Esther Mee Kwan Cheung. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 219-236). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Leung, Ming Ming Grace. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 265-277). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

by Lee Siu Lun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-217). / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- Hong Kong's Linguistic Situation and Relevant Literature --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- Languages in Hong Kong --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Functions of Languages in Hong Kong --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Status of English and Chinese --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- "Sociolinguistics, Sociology of Language and Ethnography of Speaking" --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3 --- "Code switching, Code-mixing and Borrowing" --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Code --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Code switching and Code-mixing --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Borrowing --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4 --- Romanization --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5 --- The Hong Kong Case: Review of relevant Literature --- p.22 / Chapter 3. --- Research Design and Methodology --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1 --- Research Design --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2 --- Data Collection --- p.32 / Chapter 3.3 --- Sample --- p.35 / Chapter 3.4 --- Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis --- p.37 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Discussion on descriptive analysis --- p.38 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Discussion on ethnographic analysis --- p.39 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Discussion on statistical analysis --- p.39 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Discussion on implicational analysis --- p.39 / Chapter 4. --- A Description of Different Types of English Items Occurringin Cantonese Conversations --- p.42 / Chapter 4.1 --- Names (N) --- p.43 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Personal names --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Place names --- p.55 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Brand names --- p.56 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- "Titles of songs, movies and books, etc" --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2 --- English alphabetical letters (EAL) --- p.57 / Chapter 4.3 --- English items with no Cantonese Equivalent (ENo) --- p.59 / Chapter 4.4 --- English items that appear in the wrong place (EWP) --- p.60 / Chapter 4.5 --- """Voluntary"" mixing (VM)" --- p.63 / Chapter 4.6 --- Code switching - intersentential mix (CS) --- p.65 / Chapter 5. --- The Conversational Functions of the Mixed Code: An Ethnographic Approach --- p.66 / Chapter 5.1 --- Quotation --- p.68 / Chapter 5.2 --- Addressee specification and topic change --- p.69 / Chapter 5.3 --- Interjection --- p.74 / Chapter 5.4 --- Reiteration --- p.74 / Chapter 5.5 --- Personification and objectivization --- p.77 / Chapter 5.6 --- Concluding remarks --- p.78 / Chapter 5.7 --- Limitation of the analysis --- p.80 / Chapter 6. --- Statistical Results --- p.82 / Chapter 6.1 --- Frequency of Occurrence - Descriptive statistics --- p.82 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- The database --- p.83 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- """Voluntary"" mixing" --- p.87 / Chapter 6.2 --- Testing for Independence --- p.88 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- The sample --- p.89 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Statistical tools --- p.89 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- """Voluntary"" mixing and code switching" --- p.90 / Chapter a. --- Setting --- p.90 / Chapter b. --- Genre --- p.93 / Chapter c. --- Topic --- p.94 / Chapter d. --- Participants --- p.96 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Concluding remarks --- p.97 / Chapter 6.3 --- Implicational Patterning --- p.98 / Chapter 6.4 --- Wave Model --- p.101 / Chapter 7. --- Summary and Conclusion --- p.107 / Chapter 8. --- Limitations and Future Research --- p.114 / Appendix 1: Notes on the History of Hong Kong --- p.117 / Appendix 2: Sample Questionnaire --- p.120 / Appendix 3: Sample Data - Bilingual newsheadline --- p.123 / Appendix 4: Database --- p.125 / Appendix 5: Romanization Systems --- p.207 / Appendix 6: Exceptions to the implicational scales --- p.208 / Bibliography --- p.210

published_or_final_version / Language Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / Education / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

This thesis examines the results of a large-scale sociolinguistic study on the use of English in two universities in China. The aim of the thesis is to determine the sociolinguistic realities of the use of English in higher education in China. The universities were selected on the basis of their unique status in China’s higher education hierarchy. One university was a private institute reliant on student fees for its income, and the other a state-funded university under the supervision of the Chinese Ministry of Education. A sociolinguistic survey was conducted involving some 490 respondents at these universities between early 2012 and mid-2013. It was specifically aimed at describing the use of the English language in the formal education of students. The study reports on the status and functions of English at the universities, as well as the attitudes of various stakeholders towards English (and other languages). It also examines their beliefs about English. English is considered in a number of contexts: first, the context of language contact, of English alongside other languages and language varieties on the two university campuses; second, of English as part of the linguistic worlds of Chinese students who switch between languages in their daily lives, both in their education as well as their private lives; and third, of the spread and use of English in terms of the physical and virtual movement of people across spaces. The findings of the study indicate that the increasing use of English in the formal education at these universities is having an impact on the ways in which Chinese students are learning their course materials, and even more notably in the myriad ways these students are using multiple languages to negotiate their everyday lives. As university students in China become increasingly bilingual, their ability to move across spaces is shown to increase, both in the ‘real’ world, as well as in their Internet and entertainment lives. / Linguistics / D. Lit. et Phil. (Linguistics)