• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 2
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 3
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Actinobacterial diversity of the Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes

Du Plessis, Gerda January 2011 (has links)
>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The class Actinobacteria consists of a heterogeneous group of filamentous, Gram-positive bacteria that colonise most terrestrial and aquatic environments. The industrial and biotechnological importance of the secondary metabolites produced by members of this class has propelled it into the forefront of metagenomics studies. The Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes are characterized by several physical extremes, making it a polyextremophilic environment and a possible untapped source of novel actinobacterial species. The aims of the current study were to identify and compare the eubacterial diversity between three geographically divided soda lakes within the ERV focusing on the actinobacterial subpopulation. This was done by means of a culture-dependent (classical culturing) and culture-independent (DGGE and ARDRA) approach. The results indicate that the eubacterial 16S rRNA gene libraries were similar in composition with a predominance of α-Proteobacteria and Firmicutes in all three lakes. Conversely, the actinobacterial 16S rRNA gene libraries were significantly different and could be used to distinguish between sites. The actinobacterial OTUs detected belonged to both the Rubrobacterales and Actinomycetales orders with members of the genus Arthrobacter being found in all three lakes. Geochemical properties were significantly different between the lakes, although more than one property attributed to the variance between community compositions. The diversity detected in the culture-based study differed significantly and all isolates belonged to the genus Streptomyces. Two novel strains were characterized by means of phylogenetic (16S rRNA gene sequence), physiological, morphological and biochemical analyses. Both novel isolates were capable of growing under "extreme" conditions- pH 12, 10% NaCl and 45°C. Partial enzyme characterization revealed that both strains produced xylanase enzymes that were active at pH 6.5 and 8.5 with an increase in activity up to 45°C. The results obtained revealed a previously undetected diversity of actinobacteria in the Ethiopian Rift Valley with a potentially novel subpopulation adapted to haloalkaline conditions. The low 16S rRNA sequence similarity of a substantial proportion of the libraries suggests that culture-based isolation may play a vital role in deciphering the community fingerprint. / The National Research Foundation and the Norwegian Research Council
2

Diversidade taxonômica e funcional de comunidades microbianas em lagoas salino-alcalinas do Pantanal brasileiro / Taxonomical and functional diversity of microbial communities in saline-alkaline lakes from Brazilian Pantanal

Silva, Gabriela Machineski da 26 February 2015 (has links)
As lagoas salino-alcalinas (salinas) da sub-região Nhecolândia do Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, combinam valores de pH elevados com a presença de altas concentrações de sal, assemelhando-se aos lagos de soda da África Oriental. O entendimento atual dos mecanismos físicos, químicos e biológicos nestes ambientes extremos do Brasil é limitado. Embora os micro-organismos estejam envolvidos nos processos biogeoquímicos em ecossistemas aquáticos, investigações sobre os grupos bacterianos que contribuem para a diversidade e funções específicas nessas salinas inexistem. Assim, a presente dissertação centrou-se na avaliação da comunidade bacteriana de duas salinas (Salina Verde e Salina Preta), localizadas na sub-região da Nhecolândia. Especificamente, investigou-se a diversidade e a estrutura das comunidades bacterianas, os perfis metabólicos das lagoas e genes funcionais que codificam enzimas relacionadas a transformação do nitrogênio, mercúrio, selênio e arsênio. As amostras de água foram coletadas durante a estação seca (setembro de 2012) na Salina Verde (pH 9,5, E.C. 2575 mS cm-1), caracterizada pela presença constante de floração de cianobactérias e na Salina Preta (pH 8,9, E.C. 1500 mS cm-1), sem registro de ocorrência de floração. As amostragens foram realizadas em triplicatas em duas profundidades (superfície e fundo) e duas vezes no dia (10:00 h e 15:00 h) devido à ocorrência natural de saturação de oxigênio observada na Salina Verde. O DNA total de cada amostra ambiental foi extraído e a diversidade bacteriana e funcionalidade foram acessadas por pirosequenciamento do gene de 16S RNAr e sequenciamento metagenômico. A análise de PCR quantitativa do gene de 16S RNAr foi realizada de forma a quantificar a comunidade bacteriana. A abundância bacteriana foi maior na Salina Verde do que na Salina Preta (1010 e 109 cópias mL-1, respectivamente). As sequências parciais do gene de 16S RNAr obtidas no pirosequenciamento mostraram a dominância de táxons do gênero Anabaenopsis sp. na floração da Salina Verde, englobando até 92% do total de sequências. A comunidade bacteriana da Salina Preta apresentou os maiores índices de diversidade e riqueza, sendo dominantes os filos Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria e Verrucomicrobia. Apenas a Salina Preta mostrou diferenças na comunidade bacteriana de acordo com as profundidades amostradas. Na superfície desta lagoa, os filos Actinobacteria e Verrucomicrobia predominaram, enquanto no fundo, prevaleceram os filos Proteobacteria e Chlamydiae. A temperatura foi detectada como o fator abiótico que influenciou a heterogeneidade espacial da Salina Preta. Por sua vez, a alcalinidade e o pH foram os fatores que impulsionaram as diferenças e variações das comunidades bacterianas em ambas as lagoas. Genes bacterianos envolvidos nos ciclos biogeoquímicos do nitrogênio, mercúrio e arsênio foram encontrados nas salinas Verde e Preta, sugerindo uma elevada redundância funcional nas transformações desses elementos. Não foram encontrados genes microbianos envolvidos no ciclo do selênio. Os dados gerados revelaram uma comunidade microbiana taxonômica e funcionalmente complexa que habita as salinas. Os resultados deste estudo fornecem uma avaliação aprofundada baseada em abordagens independentes de cultivo, sendo este um passo importante na compreensão da dinâmica funcional desses ambientes no Pantanal brasileiro. / The saline-alkaline lakes (salinas) of the Nhecolândia sub-region of the Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul state, combine high pH values with the presence of high salt concentrations, resembling the soda lakes of East Africa. The current understanding of physical, chemical and biological mechanisms in these extreme environments is limited. Although microorganisms are involved in biogeochemical processes in aquatic ecosystem, researches on the bacterial groups that contribute to diversity and specific functions in these salinas are scarce. This dissertation therefore focused on the evaluation of bacterial community of two salinas (Salina Verde and Salina Preta) located in the Nhecolândia subregion. Specifically, it was investigated the diversity and structure of bacterial communities, the metabolic profile of the lakes and functional genes that encode the nitrogen, mercury and arsenic-transforming enzymes. Water samples were collected during the dry season (September 2012) from Salina Verde (pH 9.5, E.C. 2575 mS cm-1), characterized by constant presence of cyanobacterial bloom, and from Salina Preta (pH 8.9, E.C. 1500 mS cm-1), with no report of bloom occurrence. Triplicate samplings were carried out in two depths (surface and bottom) and twice a day (10 AM and 3 PM) due to naturally occurrence of oxygen saturation, observed at Salina Verde. Total DNA of each environmental sample was extracted and bacterial diversity and functionality were accessed by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and metagenomic sequencing. Analysis of quantitative PCR of the 16S rRNA gene was performed in order to quantify the bacterial community. Bacterial abundance was higher in the Salina Verde than in the Salina Preta (1010 and 109 copies mL-1, respectively). The partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene obtained in the pyrosequencing revealed the genus Anabaenopsis sp. as the dominant taxa in the Salina Verde bloom, encompassing up to 92% of the total bacteria. Bacterial community of the Salina Preta showed the highest diversity and richness index, with dominant phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Only the Salina Preta showed differences in bacterial community in accordance with the depths sampled. On the surface of this lake, the phyla Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia predominated, while in the bottom, Proteobacteria and Chlamydiae prevailed. The temperature was detected as the abiotic factor influencing the spatial heterogeneity at Salina Preta. On the other hand, alkalinity and pH were the factors driving the differences and variation of bacterial community in both lakes. Bacterial genes involved in the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, mercury and arsenic were found in Salina Verde and Salina Preta, suggesting a high metabolic redundancy in the transformation these elements. No microbial genes involved in selenium cycle were found. The data showed a taxonomic and functional complex microbial community inhabiting salinas. The results of this study provide a detailed assessment based on culture-independent approaches, which is a stepping stone to understand the functional dynamics of these environments in the Brazilian Pantanal.
3

Diversidade taxonômica e funcional de comunidades microbianas em lagoas salino-alcalinas do Pantanal brasileiro / Taxonomical and functional diversity of microbial communities in saline-alkaline lakes from Brazilian Pantanal

Gabriela Machineski da Silva 26 February 2015 (has links)
As lagoas salino-alcalinas (salinas) da sub-região Nhecolândia do Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, combinam valores de pH elevados com a presença de altas concentrações de sal, assemelhando-se aos lagos de soda da África Oriental. O entendimento atual dos mecanismos físicos, químicos e biológicos nestes ambientes extremos do Brasil é limitado. Embora os micro-organismos estejam envolvidos nos processos biogeoquímicos em ecossistemas aquáticos, investigações sobre os grupos bacterianos que contribuem para a diversidade e funções específicas nessas salinas inexistem. Assim, a presente dissertação centrou-se na avaliação da comunidade bacteriana de duas salinas (Salina Verde e Salina Preta), localizadas na sub-região da Nhecolândia. Especificamente, investigou-se a diversidade e a estrutura das comunidades bacterianas, os perfis metabólicos das lagoas e genes funcionais que codificam enzimas relacionadas a transformação do nitrogênio, mercúrio, selênio e arsênio. As amostras de água foram coletadas durante a estação seca (setembro de 2012) na Salina Verde (pH 9,5, E.C. 2575 mS cm-1), caracterizada pela presença constante de floração de cianobactérias e na Salina Preta (pH 8,9, E.C. 1500 mS cm-1), sem registro de ocorrência de floração. As amostragens foram realizadas em triplicatas em duas profundidades (superfície e fundo) e duas vezes no dia (10:00 h e 15:00 h) devido à ocorrência natural de saturação de oxigênio observada na Salina Verde. O DNA total de cada amostra ambiental foi extraído e a diversidade bacteriana e funcionalidade foram acessadas por pirosequenciamento do gene de 16S RNAr e sequenciamento metagenômico. A análise de PCR quantitativa do gene de 16S RNAr foi realizada de forma a quantificar a comunidade bacteriana. A abundância bacteriana foi maior na Salina Verde do que na Salina Preta (1010 e 109 cópias mL-1, respectivamente). As sequências parciais do gene de 16S RNAr obtidas no pirosequenciamento mostraram a dominância de táxons do gênero Anabaenopsis sp. na floração da Salina Verde, englobando até 92% do total de sequências. A comunidade bacteriana da Salina Preta apresentou os maiores índices de diversidade e riqueza, sendo dominantes os filos Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria e Verrucomicrobia. Apenas a Salina Preta mostrou diferenças na comunidade bacteriana de acordo com as profundidades amostradas. Na superfície desta lagoa, os filos Actinobacteria e Verrucomicrobia predominaram, enquanto no fundo, prevaleceram os filos Proteobacteria e Chlamydiae. A temperatura foi detectada como o fator abiótico que influenciou a heterogeneidade espacial da Salina Preta. Por sua vez, a alcalinidade e o pH foram os fatores que impulsionaram as diferenças e variações das comunidades bacterianas em ambas as lagoas. Genes bacterianos envolvidos nos ciclos biogeoquímicos do nitrogênio, mercúrio e arsênio foram encontrados nas salinas Verde e Preta, sugerindo uma elevada redundância funcional nas transformações desses elementos. Não foram encontrados genes microbianos envolvidos no ciclo do selênio. Os dados gerados revelaram uma comunidade microbiana taxonômica e funcionalmente complexa que habita as salinas. Os resultados deste estudo fornecem uma avaliação aprofundada baseada em abordagens independentes de cultivo, sendo este um passo importante na compreensão da dinâmica funcional desses ambientes no Pantanal brasileiro. / The saline-alkaline lakes (salinas) of the Nhecolândia sub-region of the Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul state, combine high pH values with the presence of high salt concentrations, resembling the soda lakes of East Africa. The current understanding of physical, chemical and biological mechanisms in these extreme environments is limited. Although microorganisms are involved in biogeochemical processes in aquatic ecosystem, researches on the bacterial groups that contribute to diversity and specific functions in these salinas are scarce. This dissertation therefore focused on the evaluation of bacterial community of two salinas (Salina Verde and Salina Preta) located in the Nhecolândia subregion. Specifically, it was investigated the diversity and structure of bacterial communities, the metabolic profile of the lakes and functional genes that encode the nitrogen, mercury and arsenic-transforming enzymes. Water samples were collected during the dry season (September 2012) from Salina Verde (pH 9.5, E.C. 2575 mS cm-1), characterized by constant presence of cyanobacterial bloom, and from Salina Preta (pH 8.9, E.C. 1500 mS cm-1), with no report of bloom occurrence. Triplicate samplings were carried out in two depths (surface and bottom) and twice a day (10 AM and 3 PM) due to naturally occurrence of oxygen saturation, observed at Salina Verde. Total DNA of each environmental sample was extracted and bacterial diversity and functionality were accessed by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and metagenomic sequencing. Analysis of quantitative PCR of the 16S rRNA gene was performed in order to quantify the bacterial community. Bacterial abundance was higher in the Salina Verde than in the Salina Preta (1010 and 109 copies mL-1, respectively). The partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene obtained in the pyrosequencing revealed the genus Anabaenopsis sp. as the dominant taxa in the Salina Verde bloom, encompassing up to 92% of the total bacteria. Bacterial community of the Salina Preta showed the highest diversity and richness index, with dominant phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Only the Salina Preta showed differences in bacterial community in accordance with the depths sampled. On the surface of this lake, the phyla Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia predominated, while in the bottom, Proteobacteria and Chlamydiae prevailed. The temperature was detected as the abiotic factor influencing the spatial heterogeneity at Salina Preta. On the other hand, alkalinity and pH were the factors driving the differences and variation of bacterial community in both lakes. Bacterial genes involved in the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, mercury and arsenic were found in Salina Verde and Salina Preta, suggesting a high metabolic redundancy in the transformation these elements. No microbial genes involved in selenium cycle were found. The data showed a taxonomic and functional complex microbial community inhabiting salinas. The results of this study provide a detailed assessment based on culture-independent approaches, which is a stepping stone to understand the functional dynamics of these environments in the Brazilian Pantanal.

Page generated in 0.0539 seconds