Developers apply changes and updates to software systems to adapt to emerging environments and address new requirements. In turn, these changes introduce additional software defects, usually caused by our inability to comprehend the full scope of the modi ed code. As a result, software practitioners have developed tools to aid in the detection and prediction of imminent software defects, in addition to the eort required to correct them. Although software development eort prediction has been in use for many years, research into defect-correction eort prediction is relatively new. The increasing complexity, integration and ubiquitous nature of current software systems has sparked renewed interest in this eld. Eort prediction now plays a critical role in the planning activities of managers. Accurate predictions help corporations budget, plan and distribute available resources eectively and e ciently. In particular, early defect-correction eort predictions could be used by testers to set schedules, and by managers to plan costs and provide earlier feedback to customers about future releases. In this work, we address the problem of predicting the eort needed to resolve a software defect. More speci cally, our study is concerned with defects or issues that are reported on an Issue Tracking System or any other defect repository. Current approaches use one prediction method or technique to produce eort predictions. This approach usually suers from the weaknesses of the chosen prediction method, and consequently the accuracy of the predictions are aected. To address this problem, we present a composite prediction framework. Rather than using one prediction approach for all defects, we propose the use of multiple integrated methods which complement the weaknesses of one another. Our framework is divided into two sub-categories, Similarity-Score Dependent and Similarity-Score Independent. The Similarity-Score Dependent method utilizes the power of Case-Based Reasoning, also known as Instance-Based Reasoning, to compute predictions. It relies on matching target issues to similar historical cases, then combines their known eort for an informed estimate. On the other hand, the Similarity-Score Independent method makes use of other defect-related information with some statistical manipulation to produce the required estimate. To measure similarity between defects, some method of distance calculation must be used. In some cases, this method might produce misleading results due to observed inconsistencies in history, and the fact that current similarity-scoring techniques cannot account for all the variability in the data. In this case, the Similarity-Score Independent method can be used to estimate the eort, where the eect of such inconsistencies can be reduced. We have performed a number of experimental studies on the proposed framework to assess the eectiveness of the presented techniques. We extracted the data sets from an operational Issue Tracking System in order to test the validity of the model on real project data. These studies involved the development of multiple tools in both the Java programming language and PHP, each for a certain stage of data analysis and manipulation. The results show that our proposed approach produces signi cant improvements when compared to current methods.

Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) leverages models to first-class status by shifting the focus of software development from coding to modeling. This thesis extends Antonio Cicchettis paper Difference Representation and Conflict Management in Model-Driven Engineering, adding concrete research corresponding to sequential composition.Differences between models can be displayed as deltas in a metamodel independent way. Working with these deltas, a need for sequential composites appears. This means, that several sequently deltas are marged together to a new delta. Since this delta contains a lot of unnecessary information, it needs to be optimized regarding to the minimal paradigm which is mentioned in the corresponding paper. This paper supplies the reader with a broad overview of the basic concepts, the difference representation and application including the metamodel independent approach, and finally a narrow examination of the research topic, including constraints, examples and implementation details.

In today’s competitive business world, every company wants to be more profitable. In order to keep the profit margin high, the companies need to work more. It is very hard to find any company which works on a single project. Actually it is not only any specific company’s practice rather it is a practice of the entire human being to do multiple works at the same time. The practice has also become quite common in the companies. Although the practice of working on multiple projects simultaneously has become popular for the companies overtime, the important thing is to manage all the projects efficiently so that all projects can be finished according to the plan. Multiple project management deals with a lot of challenges in terms of resource and time. The facts like resource sharing and resource constraint add more complexity to the management of such multiple simultaneous projects. It is difficult to understand the correct workload during the project and the effects of running all the simultaneous projects to the project deployment time. The situation becomes even critical if the projects run in a dynamic environment which may provide changes during any phase of it. Software development is such a process that deals with multiple projects and also the dynamic environment. The master study will focus on such case where the study has conducted in a software development company named ActionWave Development AB. ActionWave Development AB is dealing with multiple projects with having resource constraint. In this study, readers will come to know about the challenges of ActionWave Development AB in terms of resource scenario and deployment time in case of managing multiple projects simultaneously. The study will analyze the effect of having multiple simultaneous projects to the limited resource of ActionWave Development AB and will also show the effects on projects deployment time. The study does the analysis for the current case and an imaginary test case. Later solution has been provided to overcome the problem. Further recommendations were made in order to conduct an effective project management within the company.

Developers apply changes and updates to software systems to adapt to emerging environments and address new requirements. In turn, these changes introduce additional software defects, usually caused by our inability to comprehend the full scope of the modi ed code. As a result, software practitioners have developed tools to aid in the detection and prediction of imminent software defects, in addition to the eort required to correct them. Although software development eort prediction has been in use for many years, research into defect-correction eort prediction is relatively new. The increasing complexity, integration and ubiquitous nature of current software systems has sparked renewed interest in this eld. Eort prediction now plays a critical role in the planning activities of managers. Accurate predictions help corporations budget, plan and distribute available resources eectively and e ciently. In particular, early defect-correction eort predictions could be used by testers to set schedules, and by managers to plan costs and provide earlier feedback to customers about future releases. In this work, we address the problem of predicting the eort needed to resolve a software defect. More speci cally, our study is concerned with defects or issues that are reported on an Issue Tracking System or any other defect repository. Current approaches use one prediction method or technique to produce eort predictions. This approach usually suers from the weaknesses of the chosen prediction method, and consequently the accuracy of the predictions are aected. To address this problem, we present a composite prediction framework. Rather than using one prediction approach for all defects, we propose the use of multiple integrated methods which complement the weaknesses of one another. Our framework is divided into two sub-categories, Similarity-Score Dependent and Similarity-Score Independent. The Similarity-Score Dependent method utilizes the power of Case-Based Reasoning, also known as Instance-Based Reasoning, to compute predictions. It relies on matching target issues to similar historical cases, then combines their known eort for an informed estimate. On the other hand, the Similarity-Score Independent method makes use of other defect-related information with some statistical manipulation to produce the required estimate. To measure similarity between defects, some method of distance calculation must be used. In some cases, this method might produce misleading results due to observed inconsistencies in history, and the fact that current similarity-scoring techniques cannot account for all the variability in the data. In this case, the Similarity-Score Independent method can be used to estimate the eort, where the eect of such inconsistencies can be reduced. We have performed a number of experimental studies on the proposed framework to assess the eectiveness of the presented techniques. We extracted the data sets from an operational Issue Tracking System in order to test the validity of the model on real project data. These studies involved the development of multiple tools in both the Java programming language and PHP, each for a certain stage of data analysis and manipulation. The results show that our proposed approach produces signi cant improvements when compared to current methods.

There are many different organizations devote to the methods of software development knowledge, including Software Engineering Institute (SEI), Project Management Institute (PMI), Industrial Development Bureau of Ministry of Economic Affairs, Institute for Information Industry, Information Service Industry Association of R.O.C., and so on.However, many small-and-medium-size software development companies apply the methods without considering self-ability and the situation which they are at. I t is easy to be in conflict with internal habit and culture and make a minus effect of promoting management ability. Therefore, my research will be based on the methodology of commonKADS knowledge engineering and software. First, analyze the enterprise¡¦s current management procedures and the relations among procedures, and then compare with external management knowledge, such as CMMI etc. for structuring the framework of knowledge management system model in order that enterprises can easily develop the proper method of management according to the situation.

The sweeping penetration of the internet into our daily life has greatly encourageed the international exposure of domestic software companies and engendered an unprecedented demand for information. However, the increasing cost of manual labor throughout the world in recent years has caused the labor force in the mainland China and India to exceed that in Taiwan. Therefore, if enterprises still hope to keep applying internal resources to support system software development and maintenance in the future, they should have a plan to request IT (Information Technology) department to promote the cost control as well as effectiveness development software from now on. The purpose of this study is to delve into the IT department¡¦s response to the reform and restructuring within a company and its assimilation of new management strategies to boost efficiency. This research aims to research how one domestic global enterprise learn project management to further improve the quality of internal software development and promote usage effects. It can be observed from this in-depth comparative study that different management methodologies induce a corresponding difference in the efficiency of developing new software, which, in turn, reflects on the reform of the entire department. The methodology of this research is using qualitative case study analysis by designing a questionnaire to interview internal technical specialists from different areas and carrying out two different structures of project management methods to heavily compare and investigate. From this research, we could actually discover that different project management methods could show different levels of promotion and advancement in software development efficiency. When it comes to corporate trainings in software development management or the reform of IT departments, this study may serve as an invaluable index or example for future reference.

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Service-based software can be exploited by potentially untrustworthy service requestors while providing services. Given that, it is important to identify, analyze the trust relationships between service providers and requestors, and incorporate them into the service-based software. Treating trust as a nonfunctional requirement (NFR) during software development and monitoring allows clarifying these relationships and measuring the trustworthiness of service requestors. This analysis is facilitated by incorporating trust scenarios and trust models into the software. A trust scenario describes a trust relationship between interested parties based on a specific context. A trust model provides trust equations to measure the trustworthiness of service requestors based on the analysis of service-based interactions. Although much research has been devoted to monitor service quality, to date, no approach has been proposed to develop and automatically monitor service providing software from trust perspectives. In this thesis, we propose a trust-aware service-based software development framework which utilizes our proposed Unified Modeling Language (UML) extension called UMLtrust (UML for trust scenarios)to specify the trust scenarios of a service provider and incorporates our developed trust model called CAT (Context-Aware Trust) into the software to calculate the trustworthiness of service requestors. The trust scenarios are converted to trust rules to monitor service-based interactions. A service requestor is penalized for the violation of a trust rule and rewarded when no rule is violated. The trustworthiness of the requestor is then calculated (using the equations of CAT) based on the current request, outcomes of previous requests, and recommendations from other service providers. A trust-based service granting algorithm is presented to decide whether a service requestor should be granted the requested service. A trust monitoring architecture is presented which is assumed to reside in each service provider. The monitor uses trust rules from UMLtrust specifications and trust equations from CAT to analyze service-based interactions. The incorporation of the monitor into a provider makes it trust-aware. A trust monitoring algorithm is provided to analyze interactions and make decisions at run-time. A prototype of a file sharing service-based grid is implemented to evaluate the applicability of our framework that confirms the effectiveness of the framework. / Thesis (Master, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-02-11 15:57:22.003 / Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)