The notion of a global knowledge society is somewhat of a misnomer due to the fact that large portions of the global community are not participants in this global knowledge society which is driven, shaped by and socio-technically biased towards a small fraction of the global population. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is culture-sensitive and this is a dynamic that is largely ignored in the majority of ICT for Development (ICT4D) interventions, leading to the technological determinism flaw and ultimately a failure of the undertaken projects. The deployment of ICT solutions, in particular in the context of ICT4D, must be informed by the cultural and socio-technical profile of the deployment environments and solutions themselves must be developed with a focus towards context-sensitivity and ethnocentricity. In this thesis, we investigate the viability of a software architectural framework for the development of ICT solutions that are context-sensitive and ethnocentric1, and so aligned with the cultural and social dynamics within the environment of deployment. The conceptual framework, named PIASK, defines five tiers (presentation, interaction, access, social networking, and knowledge base) which allow for: behavioural completeness of the layer components; a modular and functionally decoupled architecture; and the flexibility to situate and contextualize the developed applications along the dimensions of the User Interface (UI), interaction modalities, usage metaphors, underlying Indigenous Knowledge (IK), and access protocols. We have developed a proof-of-concept service platform, called KnowNet, based on the PIASK architecture. KnowNet is built around the knowledge base layer, which consists of domain ontologies that encapsulate the knowledge in the platform, with an intrinsic flexibility to access secondary knowledge repositories. The domain ontologies constructed (as examples) are for the provisioning of eServices to support societal activities (e.g. commerce, health, agriculture, medicine) within a rural and marginalized area of Dwesa, in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The social networking layer allows for situating the platform within the local social systems. Heterogeneity of user profiles and multiplicity of end-user devices are handled through the access and the presentation components, and the service logic is implemented by the interaction components. This services platform validates the PIASK architecture for end-to-end provisioning of multi-modal, heterogeneous, ontology-based services. The development of KnowNet was informed on one hand by the latest trends within service architectures, semantic web technologies and social applications, and on the other hand by the context consideration based on the profile (IK systems dynamics, infrastructure, usability requirements) of the Dwesa community. The realization of the service platform is based on the JADE Multi-Agent System (MAS), and this shows the applicability and adequacy of MAS’s for service deployment in a rural context, at the same time providing key advantages such as platform fault-tolerance, robustness and flexibility. While the context of conceptualization of PIASK and the implementation of KnowNet is that of rurality and of ICT4D, the applicability of the architecture extends to other similarly heterogeneous and context-sensitive domains. KnowNet has been validated for functional and technical adequacy, and we have also undertaken an initial prevalidation for social context sensitivity. We observe that the five tier PIASK architecture provides an adequate framework for developing context-sensitive and ethnocentric software: by functionally separating and making explicit the social networking and access tier components, while still maintaining the traditional separation of presentation, business logic and data components.

Presently, most spacecraft are controlled from ground involving activities such as up-linking the schedule of daily operations and monitoring health parameters. These activities lead to a cognitive overload on human operators. Imaging/science opportunities are lost, if any discrepancies occur during the execution of pre-planned sequences. Consequently, advanced space exploration systems for future needs demand on-board intelligence and autonomy. This thesis attempts to solve the problem of providing an adequate degree of autonomy in future generation of spacecraft. The autonomous spacecraft accept high-level goals from users and make decisions on-board to generate detailed command schedules satisfying stringent constraints posed by the harsh environment of the space, visibility criteria and scarce on-board resources. They reconfigure themselves in case of any failure and re-plan when needed. Autonomy concepts are derived in the context of complex systems by drawing analogy to living organisms and social organisations. A general autonomy framework may be defined with a six level structure comprising of the following capabilities -reflexes, awareness, self-regulation, self-healing, self-adaptation and self-evolution. A generic and reusable software architecture is proposed using hybrid multi-agent systems, which are arranged in a hierarchical manner using two types of decomposition viz. stratum and layer. The software architecture of the autonomous spacecraft is modeled as a stratified agent with a deliberative stratum, which achieves adaptive behaviour and a reactive stratum, which achieves reactive behaviour. Each individual agent has a generic structure comprising of perception, action, communication and knowledge components. It achieves the specialist capability through model-based reasoning. The knowledge models encompass: Planning knowledge describing higher-level goals, task structure and method of achieving the goals, Control knowledge encompassing the static and dynamic models of the spacecraft and Diagnostic knowledge incorporating the cause-effect relationships. The deliberative stratum is capable of planning in different time horizons and is, in turn, organised into a hierarchical agent system with three layers corresponding to different time horizons. It is composed of a long-term, medium-term and short-term planning agents, focusing on strategic issues, spacecraft level resources and specific spacecraft states respectively. The power of Petri nets is exploited for knowledge modeling as well as for plan representation. The ability of Petri nets to represent causality, concurrency and conflict relations explicitly makes it an excellent tool for representing the planning problem. Hierarchical Timed Petri Net is chosen for our modeling, since it captures the temporal requirements of the real-time spacecraft operations as well as facilitates the modeling of the system with multiple levels of abstraction. The necessary primitives for the plan representation are defined. In hierarchical modeling using Petri nets, refinement is done by a compound (high-level) transition. A compound transition models either a complex activity, which corresponds to high-level operation on spacecraft or a method, which corresponds to the agent capability. At the lowest layer, a transition in the plan represents a primitive command to the spacecraft, such as ‘switch on camera’. The Petri net unfolding technique, which is a partial order approach, is applied to derive the plans from the dynamic knowledge models. This tackles the problem of combinatorial explosion. A hierarchical planning approach is followed, in which the abstract plan is recursively decomposed using the unfolding technique and refined by way of exercising the appropriate decisions in each layer. The reactive stratum is configured with three peer level agents. The control agent executes the command schedule and has the capability for reflex action. Structural properties of Petri nets are exploited by the execution-monitoring agent and the diagnostic agent for system level diagnosis. Fault tree method is applied for fine granularity diagnosis. The resultant architecture is a cost-effective solution, since it permits reusability of knowledge models across similar missions. The knowledge models are formally verified for ensuring the absence of deadlocks, buffer overflows, recoverability and detection of unreachable modules using Petri net properties such as reachability, liveness, boundedness, safeness, reversibility and home state. The high-risk components are subjected to safety property verification, which makes the system rugged. The hierarchical composition of Petri net models (which are independently verified), preserves liveness and boundedness characteristics and thus ensuring the reliability of the integrated models. This, in turn, ensures that reliable plans are generated on-board using these good quality models. The models of the system components viz. partial order plan, conditional plan, dynamic world model, reflex model, resource model and the hierarchical models are developed and demonstrated using HPSIM and Moses Tool Suite, using examples from spacecraft domain. The long-term planning agent, with hierarchical world models, for handling high-level goals is developed and simulated using Moses Tool Suite. The plan generation using unfolding approach is demonstrated using VIPTool, which has the partial order analysis capability. In summary, the main contributions include (a) Definition of a general framework for spacecraft autonomy; (b) design of a generic and reusable architecture for autonomous spacecraft using hybrid multi-agent concepts; (c) unified knowledge representation and reasoning using Petri nets across various strata/layers; (d) application of Petri net unfolding technique in a hierarchical manner for plan generation; (e) use of structural properties of Petri nets for fault identification and location; (f) verification and validation of Petri net models using Petri net properties and (g) simulation and demonstration of the system components viz. partial order plan, conditional plan, dynamic world model, reflex model, resource model and hierarchical models, by developing examples from spacecraft domain, using HPSIM and Moses Tool Suite and demonstration of plan generation using unfolding technique using VIPTool.

Orientador: Cecília Mary Fischer Rubira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T06:21:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Foschiani_FernandaYaradosSantos_M.pdf: 49651686 bytes, checksum: 9c6b109c2f901376bfd10d30c1ea12c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Com o aumento da demanda por software no mercado, a fim de reduzir custos e esforço em desenvolvimento e reduzir o tempo de entrega de software, diversas técnicas vêm sendo utilizadas e entre elas estão as Linhas de Produtos de Software (LPS). Por outro lado, os recursos computacionais vêm sendo muito utilizados não são na indústria, mas também em ambientes de pesquisa, facilitando o compartilhamento de dados e serviços computacionais. Este contexto, em que a computação torna-se parte integrante e fundamental para o sucesso na realização de pesquisas científicas, é chamado de e-Science. A diversidade de programas, simuladores e dados computacionais envolvidos em experimentos levam a necessidade de ambientes que forneçam facilidades para o uso e combinação das tecnologias, como por exemplo, ambientes de workflows científicos. A solução proposta nesta dissertação é uma infraestrutura para a execução de workflows científicos, que permite a pesquisadores criarem seus fluxos de trabalho de maneira personalizada, podendo utilizar componentes disponibilizados pela equipe de desenvolvimento, assim como componentes criados por eles mesmos, independentemente da linguagem de programação utilizada. A base para esta infraestrutura é uma linha de produtos baseada em componentes, desenvolvida a partir de sistemas legados. O método proposto para o desenvolvimento da linha de produtos é apoiado pelo arcabouço da Reengenharia Orientada a Características, separado em quatro fases. A primeira fase, Engenharia Reversa do Sistema Legado, extrai informações do código legado a fim de entender o domínio da aplicação e coletar as características que deverão existir na linha de produtos. A segunda fase do método, Análise da LPS, refina o modelo de características obtido na fase anterior e, utilizando técnicas de modelagem do método PLUS, desenvolve artefatos de software baseados em casos de uso. A fase de Projeto da LPS, terceira fase, aplica o método FArM para obter um mapeamento do modelo de características para modelos de arquitetura de linha de produtos baseada em componentes e especifica as interfaces dos componentes, gerando assim a arquitetura final. A quarta e ultima fase trata do desenvolvimento da linha de produtos. Para o desenvolvimento dos componentes foi utilizado o padrão COSMOS* de componentização, e código legado. Foram realizados três estudos de caso: os dois primeiros para avaliar se a solução proxi posta é capaz de substituir o sistema legado e também avaliar o reuso de componentes, e o terceiro estudo para avaliar a capacidade de customização da linha de produtos, a partir da adição de um novo componente desenvolvido em MatLab. Os três estudos apresentaram resultados positivos, indicando que a solução proposta nesta dissertação facilita a modificação da linha de produtos, além de permitir aos pesquisadores a customização de fluxos de trabalho, auxiliando assim o processo de pesquisa científica / Abstract: With the increasing demand for software in order to reduce development costs and effort, and to reduce the time-to-market, several techniques are being used, including the Software Product Line (SPL). Computational resources are commonly used in the research field, in order to facilitate data and computational services sharing. The context in which computing becomes a fundamental for the success of scientific research is called e-Science. The systems diversity, simulators and computational data involved in experiments leads to the necessity of environments that provide facilities for technology use and matching, for example the scientific workflow environment. The proposed solution in this thesis is a scientific workflow environment that allows the researchers to create their own personalized workflows, using components provided by the development team as well as components developed by themselves, regardless of the language being used. The basis for this workflow environment is a component based software product line, developed from legacy systems. The proposed method for the software product line development is supported by the Feature-oriented Reengineering framework, which is divided into four steps. The first one, SPL Reverse Engineering, extracts information about the legacy system in order to understand the application domain and collect the features that need to exist in the product line. The second step, SPL Analysis, refines the feature model obtained in the previous step and, using PLUS modeling techniques, develops software assets based on use cases. The SPL Project step, which is the third approach step, applies the FArM method to obtain a mapping of the feature model to architectural components, and specifies the components' interface, creating the final architecture. The last step is the product line development. For the components development we used the COSMOS* model and legacy code. We performed three case studies: two of them to evaluate if the product line is capable of replacing the legacy system and enhance components reuse, and the third one to evaluate the workflow customization capability, by the addition of a component developed in MatLab. All the case studies had a positive result, showing that the proposed solution of this ix thesis facilitates the product line architectures evolution and allows the researchers to customize their workflows, aiding the research process / Mestrado / Ciência da Computação / Mestra em Ciência da Computação

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Moretti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T18:26:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kovacs_AndredeOliveira_M.pdf: 22075684 bytes, checksum: dd136468f7fa239de8bd13d2eb027eee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Modelos decisórios para o projeto de arquitetura de software são de extrema importância para a comunidade de Engenharia de Software dada a complexidade dos contextos decisórios atuais nas empresas e o seu papel estratégico na busca por maior eficiência na implementação de software. Em tais contentos, busca-se a seleção de ativos para o projeto de arquiteturas de software, tendo como objetivos maximizar os benefícios de qualidade e retorno financeiro, sujeitos à restrições de recursos financeiros e prazo para o projeto. Tal problema decisório pode ser considerado como um problema discreto de Tomada de Decisão Multicritério e basicamente formulado como um Problema da Mochila Bidimensional Biobjetivo de Programação Combinatória Multiobjetivo e que, mesmo na sua versão mais simples, é caracterizado na literatura como NP-Difícil, o que leva à necessidade de métodos de resolução específicos por instância do mesmo. O objetivo desta pesquisa é buscar um nível de eficiência superior ao possível com o método heurístico guloso sugerido pelo CBAM da Engenharia de Software na tomada de decisão aqui considerada, tendo como porte típico para o problema o estudo de caso ECS, da NASA. Pretende-se aqui apresentar a investigação de tal problema com enfoque em algumas formulações que se aproximam adequadamente à realidade desse problema e o consideram como um sistema discreto, por meio de modelos determinísticos de programação matemática. Para tanto, são abordados métodos heurísticos gulosos e métodos exatos de resolução do modelo de programação matemática multiobjetivo de forma a determinar soluções eficientes, avaliadas via a Análise por Envoltória de Dados. Limitações de ambas abordagens são identificadas e possíveis melhorias para o processo de tomada de decisão do CBAM são sugeridas / Abstract: Decision models to the design of software architecture are extremely important to the Software Engineering community due to the complexity of actual decision contexts in companies and its strategic role on the search for greater efficiency of software implementation. In those contexts, we seek the selection of assets for the design of software architectures, aiming to maximize the quality benefits and financial return, subject to financial and deadline constraints. Such decision problem can be considered as a discrete Multi-criteria Decision Making problem and formulated basically as a Multi-objective Bi-dimensional Knapsack Problem from Multi-objective Combinatorial Optimization that, even in its most simple version, is characterized in the literature as NP-Hard, which leads to the necessity of specific resolution methods by instance of the problem. This research aims to search for an efficiency level greater than obtainable with the heuristic greedy method suggested by the CBAM from the Software Engineering to the decision making here considered, having the ECS use case, from NASA, as the typical scale for the problem. We intend to present the investigation of such problem targeting some formulations that adequately approximate to the reality of the problem, and consider it as a discrete system, using deterministic models from mathematical programming. For such, heuristic greedy heuristics and exact methods are approached for the resolution of the multi-objective mathematical programming model so that efficient solutions are ascertained, using the evaluation via Data Envelopment Analysis. Limitations from both approaches are identified and possible improvements for the CBAM¿s decision process are suggested / Mestrado / Pesquisa Operacional / Mestre em Pesquisa Operacional

Population ageing has been taking place all over the world, being estimated that 2.1 billion people will be aged 60 or over in 2050. Healthcare Supportive Home (HSH) Systems have been proposed to overcome the high demand of remote home care for assisting an increasing number of elderly people living alone. Since a heterogeneous team of healthcare professionals need to collaborate to continually monitor health status of chronic patients, a cooperation of pre-existing e-Health systems, both outside and inside home, is required. However, current HSH solutions are proprietary, monolithic, high coupled, and expensive, and most of them do not consider their interoperation neither with distributed and external e-Health systems, nor with systems running inside the home (e.g., companion robots or activity monitors). These systems are sometimes designed based on local legislations, specific health system configurations (e.g., public, private or mixed), care plan protocols, and technological settings available; therefore, their reusability in other contexts is sometimes limited. As a consequence, these systems provide a limited view of patient health status, are difficult to evolve regarding the evolution of patients health profile, do not allow continuous patients monitoring, and present limitations to support the self-management of multiple chronic conditions. To contribute to solve the aforementioned challenges, this thesis establishes HomecARe, a reference architecture for supporting the development of quality HSH systems. HomecARe considers HSH systems as Systems-of-Systems (SoS) (i.e., large, complex systems composed of heterogeneous, distributed, and operational and managerial independent systems), which achieve their missions (e.g., improvement of patients quality of life) through the behavior that emerges as result of collaborations among their constituents. To establish HomecARe, a systematic process to engineer reference architectures was adopted. As a result, HomecARe presents domain knowledge and architectural solutions (i.e., architectural patterns and tactics) described using conceptual, mission, and quality architectural viewpoints. To assess HomecARe, a case study was performed by instantiating HomecARe to design the software architecture of DiaManT@Home, a HSH system to assist at home patients suffering of diabetes mellitus. Results evidenced HomecARe is a viable reference architecture to guide the development of reusable, interoperable, reliable, secure, and adaptive HSH systems, bringing important contributions for the areas of e-Health, software architecture, and reference architecture for SoS. / O envelhecimento da população é um fenômeno mundial e estima-se que no ano 2050, 2,1 bilhões de pessoas terão 60 anos ou mais. Sistemas de casas inteligentes para o cuidado da saúde (em inglês Healthcare Supportive Home - HSH systems) têm sido propostos para atender a alta demanda de serviços de monitoramento contínuo do número cada vez maior de pacientes que vivem sozinhos em suas residências. Considerando que o monitoramento do estado de saúde de pacientes crônicos requer a colaboração de equipes formadas por profissionais de várias especialidades, é fundamental que haja cooperação entre sistemas eletrônicos de saúde (por exemplo, sistemas de prontuário eletrônico ou sistemas de atenção de emergência), sendo eles externos ou internos à residência. Entretanto, as soluções de HSH existentes são comerciais, monolíticas, altamente acopladas e de alto custo. A maioria delas não considera a interoperabilidade entre sistemas distribuídos e exteriores ou internos à residência dos pacientes, como é o caso de robôs de companhia e monitores de atividade. Além disso, os sistemas de HSH muitas vezes são projetados com base em legislações locais, na estrutura do sistema de saúde (por exemplo, público, privado ou misto), nos planos de cuidados nacionais e nos recursos tecnológicos disponíveis; portanto, a reusabilidade desses sistemas em outros contextos é não é uma tarefa trivial. Em consequência, os sistemas de HSH existentes oferecem uma visão restrita do estado de saúde do paciente, são difíceis de evoluir acompanhando as mudanças no perfil de saúde do paciente, impossibilitando assim seu monitoramento contínuo e limitando o suporte para o paciente na autogestão de suas múltiplas condições crônicas. Visando contribuir na resolução dos desafios apresentados, esta tese estabelece a HomecARe, uma arquitetura de referência para apoiar o desenvolvimento de sistemas de HSH de qualidade. A HomecARe considera os sistemas de HSH como Sistemas-de-Sistemas (do inglês Systems-of-Systems - SoS) (ou seja, sistemas grandes e complexos formados por outros sistemas heterogêneos, distribuídos e que apresentam independência em seu gerenciamento e operação), que cumprem suas missões (por exemplo, melhoria da qualidade de vida do paciente) mediante o comportamento que emerge resultante da colaborações entre seus sistemas constituintes. Para estabelecer a HomecARe, foi adotado um processo sistemático que apoia a engenharia de arquiteturas de referência. Como resultado, a HomecARe contém o conhecimento do domínio, bem como soluções arquiteturais (por exemplo, padrões arquiteturais e táticas) que são descritas usando os pontos de vista conceitual, de missão e de qualidade. A HomecARe foi avaliada por meio da condução de um estudo de caso em que a arquitetura de referência foi instanciada para projetar o DiaManT@Home, um sistema de HSH que visa apoiar pacientes diagnosticados com diabetes mellitus na autogestão de sua doença. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a HomecARe é uma arquitetura de referência viável para guiar o desenvolvimento de sistemas de HSH reusáveis, interoperáveis, confiáveis, seguros e adaptativos, trazendo importantes contribuições nas áreas de saúde eletrônica, arquitetura de software e arquiteturas de referência para SoS.

Atualmente , uma proliferação de ferramentas e ambientes de Engenharia de Software tem sido observada, impactando positivamente na produção de software. Contudo, apesar do reúso ser foco de muitas das pesquisas em Engenharia de Software, a grande maioria dessas ferramentas e ambientes é construída de forma individual, sem a preocupação com o reúso dos esforços de desenvolvimento. Além disso, a literatura carece de trabalhos que estabeleçam arquiteturas de referência adequadas para esses ambientes, o que pode estar influenciando nas dificuldades de integração e evolução que esses ambientes têm sofrido. Não sendo diferente, o domínio de teste de software tem contribuído com uma diversidade de ferramentas de teste, viabilizando a condução de estudos comparativos de diversos critérios e técnicas de teste que vêm sendo propostos. Vale destacar também que não se encontram na literatura trabalhos que abordem o desenvolvimento de ferramentas de teste de forma efetiva e com base em reúso; adicionalmente, observa-se a carência de arquiteturas de referência adequadas, recentes e eficazes para a construção de ferramentas para esse domínio. Apesar das vantagens da Web como plataforma de disponibilização de sistemas de software, ainda são poucas as iniciativas de ferramentas e ambientes de Engenharia de Software para essa plataforma. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho consiste em investigar mecanismos que facilitem o desenvolvimento de ambientes e ferramentas de Engenharia de Software, visando à diminuição dos custos de desenvolvimento e manutenção. Mais especificamente, será estabelecida uma arquitetura de referência de ambientes de Engenharia de Software, buscando atender, em especial, à evolução contínua e à facilidade de uso e integração que esses ambientes requerem. Para isso, serão também explorados diversos mecanismos de forma a estabelecer uma arquitetura adequada e, ao mesmo tempo, eficaz, baseado no desenvolvimento orientado a aspectos, no uso de frameworks e de ontologias, bem como na norma internacional ISO/IEC 12207. Um estudo de caso para refinamento da arquitetura de referência proposta para o domínio de teste de software é apresentado. Por fim, com base na experiência do estudo de caso, é estabelecido um processo preliminar de especialização e instanciação arquitetural para a construção de arquiteturas de referência para domínios específicos de Engenharia de Software / Recently, a proliferation of Software Engineering tools and environments has been observed, with positive impact on software production. However, despite reuse being the focus of many research in Software Engineering area, most tools and environments have been built individually, without attention in the reuse of development efforts. Moreover, there is a lack of works that propose reference architectures to these environments which can be influencing in the difficulties of evolution and integration that these environments have been suffered. In the same way, a diversity of tools has been also proposed in the Software Testing domain, making it possible the conduction of comparative studies of testing techniques and criteria. It is also important to highlight that works that discuss the development of testing tools in an effective way and based on reuse can not be found; in addition, there is a lack of adequate, recent and efficient reference architectures to that domain. Despite advantages of the Web as a platform to make available software systems, there are few initiatives of Software Engineering tools and environments. In this context, this work aims at investigating facilities to develop Software Engineering tools and environments for Web platform, aiming at low cost in development and maintenance. In particular, a reference architecture for Software Engineering environment is established, aiming at attempting the continuous evolution and facilities of use and integration required by these environments. This architecture is based on diverse mechanisms, such as aspect oriented programming, frameworks, ontologies and international standard ISO/IEC 12207. Following, a case study is conducted, aiming at establishing a reference architecture for Software Testing domain. Based on this case study experience, a preliminary process that involves the architectural specialization and instantiation to derive reference architectures for specific domains, such as analysis, design and testing, is established

Atualmente , uma proliferação de ferramentas e ambientes de Engenharia de Software tem sido observada, impactando positivamente na produção de software. Contudo, apesar do reúso ser foco de muitas das pesquisas em Engenharia de Software, a grande maioria dessas ferramentas e ambientes é construída de forma individual, sem a preocupação com o reúso dos esforços de desenvolvimento. Além disso, a literatura carece de trabalhos que estabeleçam arquiteturas de referência adequadas para esses ambientes, o que pode estar influenciando nas dificuldades de integração e evolução que esses ambientes têm sofrido. Não sendo diferente, o domínio de teste de software tem contribuído com uma diversidade de ferramentas de teste, viabilizando a condução de estudos comparativos de diversos critérios e técnicas de teste que vêm sendo propostos. Vale destacar também que não se encontram na literatura trabalhos que abordem o desenvolvimento de ferramentas de teste de forma efetiva e com base em reúso; adicionalmente, observa-se a carência de arquiteturas de referência adequadas, recentes e eficazes para a construção de ferramentas para esse domínio. Apesar das vantagens da Web como plataforma de disponibilização de sistemas de software, ainda são poucas as iniciativas de ferramentas e ambientes de Engenharia de Software para essa plataforma. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho consiste em investigar mecanismos que facilitem o desenvolvimento de ambientes e ferramentas de Engenharia de Software, visando à diminuição dos custos de desenvolvimento e manutenção. Mais especificamente, será estabelecida uma arquitetura de referência de ambientes de Engenharia de Software, buscando atender, em especial, à evolução contínua e à facilidade de uso e integração que esses ambientes requerem. Para isso, serão também explorados diversos mecanismos de forma a estabelecer uma arquitetura adequada e, ao mesmo tempo, eficaz, baseado no desenvolvimento orientado a aspectos, no uso de frameworks e de ontologias, bem como na norma internacional ISO/IEC 12207. Um estudo de caso para refinamento da arquitetura de referência proposta para o domínio de teste de software é apresentado. Por fim, com base na experiência do estudo de caso, é estabelecido um processo preliminar de especialização e instanciação arquitetural para a construção de arquiteturas de referência para domínios específicos de Engenharia de Software / Recently, a proliferation of Software Engineering tools and environments has been observed, with positive impact on software production. However, despite reuse being the focus of many research in Software Engineering area, most tools and environments have been built individually, without attention in the reuse of development efforts. Moreover, there is a lack of works that propose reference architectures to these environments which can be influencing in the difficulties of evolution and integration that these environments have been suffered. In the same way, a diversity of tools has been also proposed in the Software Testing domain, making it possible the conduction of comparative studies of testing techniques and criteria. It is also important to highlight that works that discuss the development of testing tools in an effective way and based on reuse can not be found; in addition, there is a lack of adequate, recent and efficient reference architectures to that domain. Despite advantages of the Web as a platform to make available software systems, there are few initiatives of Software Engineering tools and environments. In this context, this work aims at investigating facilities to develop Software Engineering tools and environments for Web platform, aiming at low cost in development and maintenance. In particular, a reference architecture for Software Engineering environment is established, aiming at attempting the continuous evolution and facilities of use and integration required by these environments. This architecture is based on diverse mechanisms, such as aspect oriented programming, frameworks, ontologies and international standard ISO/IEC 12207. Following, a case study is conducted, aiming at establishing a reference architecture for Software Testing domain. Based on this case study experience, a preliminary process that involves the architectural specialization and instantiation to derive reference architectures for specific domains, such as analysis, design and testing, is established

Avec l'augmentation du nombre de capteurs et d'actuateurs dans les avions et le développement de liaisons de données fiables entre les avions et le sol, il est devenu possible d'améliorer la sécurité et la fiabilité des systèmes à bord en appliquant des techniques d'analyse en temps réel. Cependant, étant donné la disponibilité limité des ressources de calcul embarquées et le coût élevé des liaisons de données, les solutions architecturelles actuelles ne peuvent pas exploiter pleinement toutes les ressources disponibles, limitant leur précision.Notre but est de proposer un algorithme distribué de prédiction de panne qui pourrait être exécuté à la fois à bord de l'avion et dans une station au sol tout en respectant un budget de communication. Dans cette approche, la station au sol disposerait de ressources de calcul rapides et de données historiques et l'avion disposerait de ressources de calcul limitées et des données de vol actuelles.Dans cette thèse, nous étudierons les spécificités des données aéronautiques et les méthodes déjà existantes pour produire des prédictions de pannes à partir de ces dernières et nous proposerons une solution au problème posé. Notre contribution sera détaillé en trois parties.Premièrement, nous étudierons le problème de prédiction d'événements rares créé par la haute fiabilité des systèmes aéronautiques. Beaucoup de méthodes d'apprentissage en classification reposent sur des jeux de données équilibrés. Plusieurs approches existent pour corriger le déséquilibre d'un jeu de donnée et nous étudierons leur efficacité sur des jeux de données extrêmement déséquilibrés.Deuxièmement, nous étudierons le problème d'analyse textuelle de journaux car de nombreux systèmes aéronautiques ne produisent pas d'étiquettes ou de valeurs numériques faciles à interpréter mais des messages de journaux textuels. Nous étudierons les méthodes existantes basées sur une approche statistique et sur l'apprentissage profond pour convertir des messages de journaux textuels en une forme utilisable en entrée d'algorithmes d'apprentissage pour classification. Nous proposerons notre propre méthode basée sur le traitement du langage naturel et montrerons comment ses performances dépassent celles des autres méthodes sur un jeu de donnée public standard.Enfin, nous offrirons une solution au problème posé en proposant un nouvel algorithme d'apprentissage distribué s'appuyant sur deux paradigmes d'apprentissage existant, l'apprentissage actif et l'apprentissage fédéré. Nous détaillerons notre algorithme, son implémentation et fournirons une comparaison de ses performances avec les méthodes existantes / With the rise of the number of sensors and actuators in an aircraft and the development of reliable data links from the aircraft to the ground, it becomes possible to improve aircraft security and maintainability by applying real-time analysis techniques. However, given the limited availability of on-board computing and the high cost of the data links, current architectural solutions cannot fully leverage all the available resources limiting their accuracy.Our goal is to provide a distributed algorithm for failure prediction that could be executed both on-board of the aircraft and on a ground station and that would produce on-board failure predictions in near real-time under a communication budget. In this approach, the ground station would hold fast computation resources and historical data and the aircraft would hold limited computational resources and current flight's data.In this thesis, we will study the specificities of aeronautical data and what methods already exist to produce failure prediction from them and propose a solution to the problem stated. Our contribution will be detailed in three main parts.First, we will study the problem of rare event prediction created by the high reliability of aeronautical systems. Many learning methods for classifiers rely on balanced datasets. Several approaches exist to correct a dataset imbalance and we will study their efficiency on extremely imbalanced datasets.Second, we study the problem of log parsing as many aeronautical systems do not produce easy to classify labels or numerical values but log messages in full text. We will study existing methods based on a statistical approach and on Deep Learning to convert full text log messages into a form usable as an input by learning algorithms for classifiers. We will then propose our own method based on Natural Language Processing and show how it outperforms the other approaches on a public benchmark.Last, we offer a solution to the stated problem by proposing a new distributed learning algorithm that relies on two existing learning paradigms Active Learning and Federated Learning. We detail our algorithm, its implementation and provide a comparison of its performance with existing methods

This work deals with the automatic testing of an ultrasonic gas leak detector, which has to be tested during normal changes in the development phase. The reader will be acquainted with the basic principles of gas detection, design of the test product, software architecture its implementation. The following is a presentation of the application and instructions for writing tests. In this work, the Beaglebone Black development board with the Debian operating system is used as the core of the entire test product.

This thesis on "Design of an information system" suggests solutions for company knowledge management support with advance documents registration for better inform employees and customers. It analyzes existing information system and whole knowledge management as a part of it. Thesis defines business processes connected with knowledge and information, so whole this part of the system for their support too.