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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Queensland, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis analyses the development, interrelations, and the roles of the "Everybody-A-Soldier" Movement (EASNI) in China between 1958 and 1964, which is a major cornerstone of the militarization of Chinese society, wl\ich, in turn, is seen as a unique strategy of Chinese Communist development. The basic assumption of this thesis is that a strong political organization, to strengthen the capacity of a political system in order to promote political stability, political integration, and socio-economic development, is of primary importance. Most developing countries badly need but often lack political stability, integrati0n, and. satisfactory economic development in the process of modernization, which is a prevailing political th1:;me in developing countries. According to this thesis, the EASM system, among other things, is nicely to solve these problems. It is contended that the EASM system aid not happen just because Mao Tse-tung wished it. It was brought about by the contemporary internal and external political developments in China and by special historical circumstances that promoted the emergence of the system. Any socio-political system necessarily affects, and is affected by, the environment in which it exists. The thesis this analyzer's the institutional factors of the EASM in order to explore its interrelationships with other systems. In analysing the roles of the militia, this thesis finds that the EASM in China has helped the Communist Party of China to consolidate its political support and thus its political control in the countryside. It has halted political insurrections in the countryside, which used to be the hothouse of political insurrections. The EASM by enrolling the majority of the Chinese labour force in the militia organization, has helped the Communist Party of China to mobilize and organize coordinated actions of large numbers oi people in pursuing economic development and other social reforms which are of primary importance to a capital-short country such as China. The possible role of the EASM in future wars is discussed along with the military functions of the militia. Accoraing to the thesis, the militia has played a successful role in war and will continue to be useful in the future. My analysis has to a considerable aegree confirmed my propositions. I also perceived in the conclusion of my study that the militia organization would change toward a more limited role and insignificant status as the 0ommunist Party of China becomes more routinized and institutionalizea, and Chinese modernization makes significant progress. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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The dissertation emerged from a growing realization that various of the distinctive traits in The Good Soldier could be considered as bearing traces of certain characteristics of Postmodern fiction. The study sets out to scrutinize The Good Soldier for further evidence to support this possibility. The areas that present themselves as specifically promising in this regard concern the issue of epistemology in the novel as well as the use of narratological devices in The Good Soldier. These two issues serve as the main area of focus for the study and are considered for the possible congruencies they demonstrate with Postmodern thought and fictional characteristics. After providing an orientation to the issues of epistemology and narratological devices in the context of Modernism and Postmodernism, the study proceeds to discuss the issue of epistemology in The Good Soldier and its relationship to Postmodern fiction. This involves a discussion of surfaces, simulations, perception, epiphany, history, language and re-enchantment and how these issues are conducive to demonstrating that The Good Soldier bears traces of Postmodern thoughts on knowledge. The use of narratological devices in The Good Soldier are also considered for possible congruencies with Postmodern fiction, specifically regarding the use of narrator, character and chronological sequencing. In this regard the issue of text and intertextuality are discussed and it is discovered that The Good Soldier foregrounds its own status as text through its references to a number of other texts. It is concluded that The Good Soldier does indeed bear traces of a Postmodern epistemology and employs narratological devices plausibly identifiable as Postmodern. The comments on knowledge in The Good Soldier, as well as the use of narrator, character and chronological sequencing are comprehensively elucidated and accounted for in the context of Postmodern epistemology and narratological devices. The Good Soldier is an accepted and well-loved Modernist novel. A study that seeks to scrutinize the text for elements of Postmodernism questions and foregrounds the issue of literary periodization and the division of literary texts on the basis of year of publication and authorship. Demonstrating that The Good Soldier bears traces of Postmodemism through its epistemology and use of narratological devices therefore provides evidence that literary movements are not mutually exclusive and that the traits of one literary period may be beneficial in an elucidation and elaboration of a text belonging to another literary movement. / Thesis (M.A.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2001.

The dissertation emerged from a growing realization that various of the distinctive traits in The Good Soldier could be considered as bearing traces of certain characteristics of Postmodern fiction. The study sets out to scrutinize The Good Soldier for further evidence to support this possibility. The areas that present themselves as specifically promising in this regard concern the issue of epistemology in the novel as well as the use of narratological devices in The Good Soldier. These two issues serve as the main area of focus for the study and are considered for the possible congruencies they demonstrate with Postmodern thought and fictional characteristics. After providing an orientation to the issues of epistemology and narratological devices in the context of Modernism and Postmodernism, the study proceeds to discuss the issue of epistemology in The Good Soldier and its relationship to Postmodern fiction. This involves a discussion of surfaces, simulations, perception, epiphany, history, language and re-enchantment and how these issues are conducive to demonstrating that The Good Soldier bears traces of Postmodern thoughts on knowledge. The use of narratological devices in The Good Soldier are also considered for possible congruencies with Postmodern fiction, specifically regarding the use of narrator, character and chronological sequencing. In this regard the issue of text and intertextuality are discussed and it is discovered that The Good Soldier foregrounds its own status as text through its references to a number of other texts. It is concluded that The Good Soldier does indeed bear traces of a Postmodern epistemology and employs narratological devices plausibly identifiable as Postmodern. The comments on knowledge in The Good Soldier, as well as the use of narrator, character and chronological sequencing are comprehensively elucidated and accounted for in the context of Postmodern epistemology and narratological devices. The Good Soldier is an accepted and well-loved Modernist novel. A study that seeks to scrutinize the text for elements of Postmodernism questions and foregrounds the issue of literary periodization and the division of literary texts on the basis of year of publication and authorship. Demonstrating that The Good Soldier bears traces of Postmodemism through its epistemology and use of narratological devices therefore provides evidence that literary movements are not mutually exclusive and that the traits of one literary period may be beneficial in an elucidation and elaboration of a text belonging to another literary movement. / Thesis (M.A.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2001.

Titre : Les marsouins de 1880 à 1914. Etude anthropologique et prosopographique.Après la défaite de 1870-1871, la France renoue avec son expansion coloniale. Au préalable, les politiciens de tous bords, les économistes ou encore les investisseurs privés se sont attachés à justifier le « fait colonial » en vue de doter le pays de troupes spécialisées dans les interventions outre-mer. Dans ce cadre, l’infanterie et l’artillerie de la Marine reçoivent le rôle d’évoluer en dehors du sol métropolitain afin d’accomplir les trois étapes du processus colonial : la conquête, la pacification et l’administration.Cette étude vise à mieux cerner cette population de soldats, communément appelée « marsouin », en la suivant depuis le recrutement jusqu’à son déploiement outre-mer. En plus d’étudier spécifiquement les conditions de recrutement, il s’agit ici de s’interroger sur la formation afin de savoir si ces hommes disposent des qualités intellectuelles et physiques pour pouvoir exercer leur métier aux colonies.Pour le savoir, il a fallu dépouiller près de 4500 registres matricules en vue de réaliser des séries statistiques. L’exploitation d’une centaine de témoignages a également permis de suivre le quotidien de ces hommes et ainsi de comprendre leurs motivations, leurs difficultés, leurs déceptions, leurs satisfactions, leurs représentations ou encore leurs aspirations en termes d’avancement ou de récompenses.En outre, il en ressort généralement que le marsouin a su s’adapter aux différentes situations et circonstances en dépit de la quantité et de la qualité du recrutement qui font régulièrement défaut entre 1880 et 1914. Le soldat colonial souffre en plus de sa mauvaise réputation même si celle-ci tend à s’atténuer à mesure que l’Empire colonial se construit et se solidifie. Le marsouin, bras armé du gouvernement, est en effet la cible des critiques qui proviennent des anticolonialistes. L’armée peine le plus souvent à réagir en livrant une autre version. Nonobstant, à la veille de la Grande Guerre, la colonisation fait quasiment consensus et les marsouins jouissent progressivement d’une reconnaissance qui leur échappait jusque-là. / Title : French marine troops (“marsouins”) from 1880 until 1914. Anthropologic and prosopographical study.In the wake of the 1870-1871 military defeat, France resumed its colonial expansion. Politicians on all sides, economists or investors justified “colonialism” in order to provide the country with troops specialized in overseas operations. In this context, French marine infantry and artillery units were specifically tasked with operating outside French soil in order to carry out the three stages of the colonial process: conquest, pacification and administrative management.This aim of this research is to get a better knowledge of the soldiers nicknamed “marsouins”, from their recruitment up to their deployment overseas. In addition to paying attention to the recruitment process, we’ll also focus on their training, so as to know whether these troops were endowed with the intellectual and physical qualities needed to operate in French colonies.In order to achieve this research, it was necessary to study about 4,500 Army registers to compile statistics. The exploitation of about 100 testimonies also allowed us to have a better understanding of the daily life of these troops, their motivations to sign up, the difficulties they experienced, as well as their joys, expectations in terms of promotions and awards.Moreover, we could observe that the “marsouin” was able to adapt to the different situations and circumstances he was faced with, in spite of the poor quality of the recruits and their too limited number between 1880 and 1914. However, these troops had a bad reputation which tended to improve as the French colonial empire grew and got stronger.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. / MBA Professional Report / This project provides an analysis of the Army's acquisition of the Land Warrior (LW) Soldier System. Its objectives are to document the history of the LW and provide an overview of the program to establish the components of both it development and deployment and its associated business and management characteristics. The product is a document that provides an analysis of the actions taken and the obstacles encountered and how the materiel developers, warfighters, user representatives and lawmakers dealt with them. The LW was approved in 1993. The requirement was to provide improvements for dismounted soldiers in the five specific capabity caategories of lethality, command and control, mobility, survivability and sustainment. For a period lasting approximately 15 years, the LW has evolved. Despite this evolution, the Army in FY 2007 terminated it in FY 2007. Regardless, it has laid the foundation for follow-on soldier system initiatives. The LW was unsuccessfu initially due to the misalignment of three interrelated and supporting components; 1) technical immaturity, 2) poor user acceptance, and 3) lack of senior leadership support. Successes that are more recent can be attributed to: 1)soldier-driven design, 2) improved technical maturity, and 3) proven employment of the system in combat by warfighters.

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Threat perception is an important issue in today's world. As the line between hostile and non-hostile entities is blurred, it becomes more important for individuals to clearly distinguish between those who would present danger and those who would not. This series of experiments tested whether observers engaged in a dual-task paradigm perceived a greater amount of threat from target stimuli than they did when they were engaged in the threat task alone. The first experiment revealed that observers rated targets as more threatening when they were engaged in the additional task than when they only rated the targets themselves. Response time to the targets was also slower when a secondary task was present. This difference was more pronounced when the secondary task was presented via the auditory channel. Participants also rated overall workload higher when performing a secondary task, with the highest ratings being associated with the dual-task auditory condition. In the second experiment, the design crossed sensory modality with the presence or non-presence of threat. Inter-stimulus interval was also manipulated. The presence of threat was associated with faster response times, though when both tasks had threat components, response time was not the fastest. Additionally, when images came first in the stimulus pairs, observers were slower to respond to the first stimulus than when the sounds were presented first. Results supported the conclusion that additional task loading can affect the perception of threat. The modality of the additional task seems to also play a role in threat assessment performance. Results also led to the conclusion that threat-related visual stimuli are more challenging to process than threat-related auditory stimuli. Future research can now investigate how different types of tasks affect the threat perception task. Implications for better training of soldiers and for the design of automated systems are presented.