This essay deals with the political upheavals which occurred in Japan with the Meiji Restoration of 1868 and its impact on the Samurai Class. This transitional period in Japanese history is portrayed in the film The Last Samurai from 2003, and it's the comparison between this Hollywood production and the current research on the subject on which this essay focuses. Two key figures who are portrayed in the film are Nathan Algren (Tom Cruise), an American soldier from the Indian Wars of the 1860/70s who travels to Japan to quell the Samurai rebellion but ends up in captivity; only to learn their codex of honor and way of life and eventually become a Samurai himself. The other character calls himself Katsumoto (Ken Watanabe) and becomes the representative of the Samurai's struggle for their existence. Their friendship and cultural exchanges will remain a cornerstone throughout the film. Katsumoto has his historical counterpart in Saigō Takamori – also known as The Last Samurai during the times of the Meiji Restoration and its aftermath. Closely intertwined with the Samurai come ideals in which the warrior must follow specific precepts and behavior patterns both on the battlefield and in civilian life. Bushidō (“the way of the warrior”) and the ritual suicide that is seppuku (“stomach-cutting”) therefore play a significant role in the film and become a symbol of the clash between the old values of the Samurai and the inevitable process of modernization according to Western standards. The film explores both the theoretical and practical dimension of bushidō and is a tribute to the Samurai; their ideals, living and learning philosophy and to their codex of honor. It also depicts the unexpected and forbidden friendship between a Samurai and a soldier with their separate Western and Eastern values – which ultimately results in their common defeat before the new age in Japan.

The mythos of the hero has existed within the stories of humanity for as long as we can remember. Within the last hundred years film has become one of the dominant storytelling media of our culture and numerous films, especially war films, about heroes and their inspirational actions have been made. This study focuses on war films and the hero soldiers and their actions portrayed in those films. It uses a narrative analysis of five war films to accomplish this. The findings suggest that the hero soldier has become more human and fallible over time and that heroes are a constantly changing entity. These changes do not reach down to the fundamental levels of hero makeup. At the core and archetypal level the hero remains the same. However, the hero soldier has become more flawed over time descending from invincible demi-god to a fallible human. This change is due to the merger between the hero and non-hero characters, and the incorporation of their traits into one another.

Darbo objektas – lietuvių liaudies dainose vaizduojamas karys, šaltiniai – daugiausia tik karinės-istorinės lietuvių liaudies dainos. Iškeliama problema – kaip liaudies dainose yra vaizduojamas – suvokiamas, apibūdinamas, vertinamas – karys. Darbo tikslas – išnagrinėti ir atskleisti šį kario įvaizdžio suvokimą bei vaizdavimą. Naudojami empirinio ir iš dalies – teorinio lygio metodai. Darbe išskiriami anksčiau netyrinėti kario bruožai, praplečiama pati kario samprata ir atskleidžiamas gana plačiai suvokiamas priešo (taip pat kario) įsivaizdavimas. Kario samprata išryškėja aptariant įvardijimą ir bendruosius bruožus. Kariai dainose vadinami labai įvairiai, tačiau pirmiausia akcentuojama ne karinė jų padėtis, o santykiai su artimaisiais. Būdingiausi karių bruožai dainose – jaunystė ir „mandrumas“, polinkis pasipuikuoti. Kario sampratą atspindi ir jo išskirtinumas bendruomenėje. Karys, kaip ir medžiotojas, yra visiškai priešingas žemdirbiškai bendruomenei. Jauno bendruomenės žmogaus ir, taip pat jauno, kario skirtumai dainose matomi meilės, vedybų perspektyvoje. Karys, atskirtas nuo bendruomenės, dainose vaizduojamas vienišas, dėl to matoma metaforiška jo giminystė su dangaus kūnais. Darbe išskiriami svarbiausi kario atributai, atskleidžiantys sunkią kareiviavimo dalią. Neatsiejama kario įvaizdžio dalis dainose yra žirgas. Karinis priešas senosiose dainose suprantamas kaip tokio paties likimo brolis, o vėlyvosiose dainose yra žiaurus, todėl paniekinamas ir išjuokiamas. ... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of the work – a soldier that is represented in Lithuanian folk songs, sources – mainly military-historical Lithuanian folk songs. The problem is being raised – how a soldier is represented, perceived, valued in Lithuanian folk songs. The purpose of the work – to analyze and disclose the perception and the portrayal of this soldier image. Empirical and theoretical methods are used. Earlier not analyzed characteristic features of a soldier are separated, the concept of a soldier is broadened and the portrayal of an enemy (soldier) is disclosed in this work. The concept of a soldier comes into the light while discussing its` naming and general features. Soldiers are named differently in folk songs, but, first of all, not their military position, but their relationship with family members is accentuated. Main features of soldiers in folk songs – youth and bent for put on airs. The concept of a soldier is reflected in his exceptionality in the community he lives. A soldier, like a hunter, is entirely opposite to the agricultural community. The differences of young human being of a community, young soldier also, are visible in folk songs on the perspective of love, marriage. A soldier, separated from community, is portrayed as alone, lonely person. That is why his metaphorical relationship with heaven bodies is seen. Main attributes of a soldier that reveal the hard fate of serving in the army are picked out in the work. The military enemy in old folk songs is... [to full text]

Fragmentation, which often involves the division of one’s self into professional and personal domains that are insulated from each other, is a serious problem for soldiers in today’s Army. This type of professional-personal fragmentation arises organically in military service. Unfortunately, it also seems that the past 12 years of persistent conflict have exacerbated the problem of fragmentation for many soldiers. Given this, I argue that any program that the Army implements for moral development should recognize fragmentation and provide resources and practices to combat it. I contend that the Army Profession campaign, which is the Army’s primary program for moral development, fails to meet either of these requirements. Moreover, it seems to serve as a catalyst that further fragments soldier’s lives. I believe this follows from the manner in which the campaign limits moral aspiration to a domain-specific good, professionalism. Thus it seems that the Army Profession campaign is not sufficient for soldiers’ moral development. Some may point to the Comprehensive Soldier Fitness program as the resource that the Army uses to address this problem because of its emphasis on the emotional, social, familial, and spiritual domains of soldiers. I argue, however, that neither the Army Profession campaign nor the Comprehensive Soldier Fitness program construes these domains as constitutive of moral development. Furthermore, both programs rely on experts to train soldiers in their respective concepts. This is problematic because soldiers do not find these experts to be credible. I go on to claim that leaders and peers who have a relationship with their fellow soldiers, and have earned their trust and respect, should function as the center of gravity for character development in the Army. Unfortunately, many leaders and soldiers lack the resources to do so. Thus, they often refer fellow soldiers back to the experts. Instead, leaders and peers should use the resources that virtue ethics provides with respect to self-perception, virtue-relevant goals, and the emotions to promote soldiers’ moral development. Toward that end, chaplains are well-suited to help leaders and peers gather the resources and develop the practices that will contribute to these aims.

The main problem investigated is how successful Australia???s citizen soldiers would have been in fulfilling either their anti-invasion or their anti-raid roles between 1919 and 1939. The organization, command, training, equipment, social composition, recruitment and retention of Australia???s citizen soldiers are examined in an effort to discover the solution to this problem. The conclusion reached is that Australia???s citizen soldiers could not have fulfilled their roles, the nature of which was widely debated by British and Australian defence planners because of their differing threat perceptions. Inter-Service rivalry over money also encouraged this debate. Basically, the A.M.F. did not have the equipment and trained troops to enable it to concentrate in time to repel a Japanese raid or invasion. Motor vehicles could have provided this mobility but their expense was prohibitive. However, in other respects the Military Board failed to make the best use of its resources. Slight changes in organization and the command structure might have made the C.M.F., once concentrated, more efficient and better able to fight the Japanese. More attention paid to ensuring that training was imaginative and interesting then might have led to higher retention rates, thereby eliminating the expensive and wasteful requirement for constant recruiting campaigns

This Master's thesis called Problems of resocialization of soldiers returning back from deployments offers an insight into the problems of soldiers of the Army of the Czech Republic. It deals with the integration of soldiers into society after their tour of duty. Soldiers are exposed to stressful situations during their deployments. Similarly, the deployment is demanding for a soldier's family. That is why soldiers can face problems during resocialization after coming back from deployments. The thesis is divided into several parts. The theoretical part deals with the history and the present of the Army of the Czech Republic deployments, the public's view of deployments, the training of soldiers before deployments. Next chapter deals with motivational factors of a soldier, what the requirements and duties of the soldier are and what the care of the soldier is prior, during and after deployment. It defines what a deployment is all about, what stress, trauma, and post traumatic stress disorder are. It then describes interpersonal relationships in a deployed soldier's environment and the deployed soldier's family, and specifies the resocialization of a deployed soldier. The aim of the thesis was to find out whether the resocialization of a professional soldier after coming back from deployment is problematic. One research question was raised: What are the problems of resocialization of a soldier after coming back from deployment? The sample of the study consisted of 9 communication partners, including 6 men and 3 women. All communication partners were ACR soldiers. The sample was selected using the snowball method. The prerequisite was at least one deployment. The qualitative research strategy was chosen to achieve the goal of this thesis. Semi-structured interviews were used as data source. The interviews were written down and then analyzed using open and axial coding. The research has shown that each soldier needs a different time to adapt to everyday life. The biggest problem was the return to the family, especially to the children. More problems arise after returning from a combat zone such as a response to noise and alertness. It was also found that soldiers would appreciate the possibility of longer leave after returning from deployment and positive reception by the public. None of the soldiers needed professional assistance after returning from deployment. The thesis could be beneficial to military psychologists, chaplains, and commanders. It could serve as a focus on preventing problems after returning from deployments. It can also provide information on the ACR and deployments to lay and professional public.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-15T14:36:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovane Albino Silva.pdf: 1981675 bytes, checksum: 34249eb9644d0af6e104dc2e1891b212 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T14:36:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovane Albino Silva.pdf: 1981675 bytes, checksum: 34249eb9644d0af6e104dc2e1891b212 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The main goal of this paper is analyse the reasons which encouraged the desertion of soldiers in the regular troops of Pernambuco Captainship in between 1774-1808. The difficulties from the recruits’ evasion reverberate on the documents which were exchanged among colonial administrators, in which the information show the concerns towards the escape of soldiers. Published notices in the Captainship aimed to threaten the ones who disobeyed that conduct, predicting since the prison of family members until the fugitive’s death, in order to decrease the massive desertions in the army. We analyse Pernambuco governors’ reports, especially letters and missives which were sent to the ultramarine advisors, aiming to clarify the ways by which they tried to explain the escapes, besides understanding the numerous alternatives used to hinder their spread. We have focused essentially on the military maps which had been built since the second half of the 18th century, in which the cases of prisoners sentenced for desertion were pointed out and contain important data for the research, such as the penalties and pardons given to the fugitives. The observation of strategies to establish ways of surviving in the society was based on the analyses of three inquiries, which offer clues and possibilities of those men’s social insertion in the villages and colonial cities. Therefore, we seek to contribute for the understanding of one of the main difficulties that bothered the regular troops during the colonial period as a result of the aversion to the military service and the resistance promoted to the activities in the army. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar os motivos que estimularam a deserção de soldados nas tropas regulares da Capitania de Pernambuco entre os anos de 1774-1808. As dificuldades provenientes da evasão de recrutas reverberam nas documentações trocadas entre os administradores coloniais, cujas informações evidenciam as preocupações com as fugas de soldados. Editais foram publicados na Capitania almejando ameaçar os que incidissem nessa conduta, prevendo desde a prisão de familiares até a pena de morte, a fim de refrear as deserções no exército. Analisamos os relatos dos governadores de Pernambuco, sobretudo cartas e ofícios enviados aos conselheiros ultramarinos, com o intuito de explanar as formas pelas quais eles explicavam as fugas além de compreender as diversas alternativas utilizadas para impedir sua propagação. Balizamo-nos, essencialmente, nos mapas militares constituídos a partir da segunda metade do século XVIII, onde foram assinalados os casos de presos sentenciados por deserção e que contém dados importantes para a pesquisa, tais como as quantidades, penalidades e perdões fornecidos aos fugitivos. A observação das estratégias para traçar caminhos de sobrevivência na sociedade teve por base a análise de três devassas, que oferecem indícios e possibilidades de inserção social desses homens nas vilas e cidades coloniais. Dessa forma, procuramos contribuir para o entendimento de uma das principais dificuldades que afligiam as tropas regulares no período colonial, resultado da aversão ao serviço militar e das resistências promovidas às atividades no exército.

Personnage de l'entre-deux mettant à mal les frontières communément admises entre l'enfance et l'âge adulte, entre la puissance et la vulnérabilité, entre la victime et le bourreau, l'enfant-soldat est une figure marquante de notre contemporanéité. Il n'est donc guère étonnant de le voir devenir un personnage littéraire. Cette étude a cherché à déterminer, dans une approche comparatiste, quel traitement les oeuvres littéraires réservaient à ce personnage et la manière dont elles en faisaient une figure singulière. Loin de simplement reprendre un répertoire exogène de significations et prolonger la figure médiatique de l'enfant-soldat, loin de miser uniquement sur la violence de son hybridité, les romans africains anglophones et francophones construisent une figure de témoin. Ce que l'étude a souhaité rendre visible, ce sont alors les visions tant historiographiques, éthiques que politiques que porte l'enfant-soldat témoin des guerres civiles africaines / As an in-between character questioning the usually admitted borders between childhood and adulthood, power and vulnerability, victim and executioner, the child soldier is a gripping figure of our contemporaneity. It is thus not surprising he became a literary character. In a comparative approach, this study has sought to determine the literary works treatment of this character and how they turn it into a singular figure. Far from simply resorting to an exogenous list of significations and extending the media figure of the child soldier, far from only focusing on the violence of its hybridity, English and French African novels build a figure of a witness. This study has therefore been interested in revealing the historiographicalas well as the ethical and political visions of the child soldier who experiences African civil wars

This dissertation is dedicated to the evaluation and remuneration processes career soldiers in the Army of the Czech Republic. The main goal is to make an analysis of evaluation and remuneration in the company and on the basis of research make a suggestion to improve these processes. In the theoretic part are explained the basic conceptions as the evaluation and remuneration that are related with army background and the requirements laid to regular soldiers. In the practical part is the chosen company described and the research, that contains of questionnaire commanders and career soldiers. In conclusion is a suggest for an improve of the evaluation and remuneration processes by career soldiers in the company.

The main theme of this thesis is English war poetry. The thesis refers to two particular wars, the Crimean (1853-1856) and World War One (1914-1918), and analyzes their reflection in English poetry. By doing so, it compares the war poems from these periods and inspects the writers' messages behind them. The thesis aims to scrutinize how the depiction of war had changed through time, alongside with the reasons affected it. In terms of structure, the theoretical part describes the different contexts (historical, cultural, and literary) of the chosen poems, while the practical part features scrutiny of these works. KEY WORDS Poetry, soldier, duty, death, attitude, criticism, propaganda