塗爾幹的機械團結理論和有機團結理論假設了同步一致性/互補配合性的儀式表演可以提升群體內的團結感。已有的心理學研究通過實驗發現同步一致性的群體表演促進了群體內的合作行為。本研究在上述實驗的基礎上，進一步檢驗了互補配合性促進群體內團結感的假說，并對二者的結果進行了比較。在實驗中，100名參加者以4人為一組被隨機分配到“同步一致擊鼓“、“互補配合擊鼓“和“非協調擊鼓“(控制組)三個實驗條件下；進而報告其信任感、同組歸屬感和愉悦感水平；最後參加一個標準化的、包含五輪決策任務的公共物品博弈。實驗結果表明，互補配合性的擊鼓表演與同步一致性的擊鼓表演都能促進人們在公共物品博弈中的合作行為。 / The Durkheimian theory of mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity hypothesized that synchrony/complementarity promotes social solidarity. Previous psychological experiments suggested that synchronous ritual performance improves the level of cooperation among group members. This study replicated their experimental design while further testing the complementaritysolidarity hypothesis to make a comparative analysis. In this experiment, 100 participants in groups of four were first randomly allocated to one of three conditions: synchronous drumming, complementary drumming, and asynchronous drumming (control); then they self-reported on questions about in-group trust, same-group feeling, and happiness; and finally, they played a five-round standardised public good game. The experimental result revealed that both the complementary and the synchronous drumming promoted cooperative behaviour in a social dilemma situation. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Liu, Yue. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 38-39). / Abstracts also in Chinese; appendixes in Chinese. / Introduction --- p.1 / Literature review --- p.3 / Social solidarity as a solution to the problem of social order --- p.3 / Ritual performance and social solidarity --- p.4 / Synchronous ritual and mechanical solidarity --- p.6 / Complementary ritual and organic solidarity --- p.10 / Method and hypotheses --- p.12 / Participants --- p.12 / Materials --- p.13 / Design --- p.14 / Procedure --- p.17 / Result and analysis --- p.19 / Discussion --- p.23 / Appendix --- p.25 / Chapter Appendix 1. --- Recruitment message and application sheet --- p.25 / Chapter Appendix 2. --- Consent form --- p.26 / Chapter Appendix 3. --- Instruction for subjects --- p.27 / Chapter Appendix 4. --- Evaluation questionnaire for the drumbeat task --- p.31 / Chapter Appendix 5. --- End questionnaire --- p.33 / Chapter Table 1. --- T-test result for synchronous vs. asynchronous condition (one-tailed) --- p.35 / Chapter Table 2. --- T-test result for complementary vs. asynchronous condition (one-tailed) --- p.36 / Chapter Table 3. --- T-test result for experimental vs. control condition (one-tailed) --- p.37 / References --- p.38

Le transfert des parents est considéré à Lubumbashi comme une manifestation des solidarités familiales. Cependant, l’échange des parents n’est pas extensif comme le véhicule les discours sur la solidarité. L’hébergement est électif et s’exerce en fonction de certaines modalités. Je constate que les conjoints rendent prioritairement les bienfaits aux parents qui les avaient aidés dans le parcours de leur vie. Cette logique contredit les discours sur la spontanéité et la gratuité d’entraide. Elle s’inscrit par contre dans le principe du don et contre-don. <p>Aussi, la valorisation excessive de la solidarité cache plusieurs récriminations dans le vécu des ménages. En privé, les conjoints ne tarissent pas des dénonciations contre l’hébergement des parents. Certains informateurs disent que l’insertion est une charge supplémentaire (ni charge). Ils déplorent également des violences verbales et physiques dont sont victimes les parents hébergés et les conjoints. D’autres, décrient les frustrations conjugales. L’exiguïté du logement et le confinement des parents font que les conjoints n’ont presque pas d’espace intime. Les solutions au logement des parents sont trouvées dans la promiscuité. Pour leurs rapports sexuels, les conjoints recourent à plusieurs tactiques de dissimulation. De même, la proximité des parents de sexe opposé occasionne des rapports sexuels interdits par la coutume. Je relève aussi entre les conjoints des pratiques d’entraide souterraine qui posent la question des limites entre la moralité et l’immoralité dans l’assistance des proches parents/ The transfer of parents is considered to Lubumbashi as a manifestation of family solidarity. However, the exchange of the parents is not as extensive vehicle discourse on solidarity. Accommodation is elective and is exercised in accordance with certain rules. I find that spouses make priority benefits to parents who had helped in the course of their lives. This contradicts the logic of speech spontaneity and free support. It fits in with against the principle of gift-giving and cons.<p>Also, the excessive value of solidarity hides many recriminations lived in households. In private, spouses are full of denunciations against hosting parents. Some informants say that integration is an additional charge (or charges). They also complained of verbal and physical abuse suffered by parents and spouses hosted. Others decry the marital frustrations. The cramped housing and containment of parents do that spouses have almost no private space. Solutions to the housing Parents are found in promiscuity. Their sex, spouses use several tactics of concealment. Similarly, the proximity of the parents of the opposite sex causes sex forbidden by custom. I would also between spouses practices support underground raise the question of boundaries between morality and immorality in assisting relatives.<p> <p><p> / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished