Rapid population aging driven by increasing life expectancy and falling birthrates has resulted in substantial increases in the old-age dependency ratio and decreases in the ratio of workers to retirees in all developed nations. In this context, some policymakers look to the support role of the family to moderate the effects of potentially shrinking public support. Yet, relatively little is known about the flow of transfers between family generations across the life cycle or the influence of public policy on the size and timing of those transfers. A core objective of this dissertation is to study the nature and net value of family transfers, defined in terms of the financial value of various types of transfers parents give to children (e.g., money, care and help, grandchild care, and co-residence) net of the value of the same types transfers they receive from children. Data for this study come primarily from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe, and the sample includes 36,095 parent-child dyads from 11 European countries representing social democratic, conservative, and traditional welfare-state regimes. Time transfers are monetized using information on minimum and average hourly wages. The net value of intergenerational family transfers over the adult life cycle is estimated using piecewise linear spline regression. The findings reveal that intergenerational family transfers are nontrivial across mature European welfare states. Their net value follows a nonlinear pattern of positive transfers from parents to grown children until advanced old age when the net value declines sharply and ultimately becomes negative--the point at which the generational exchange starts mostly to benefit parents. The transition starts later and is less pronounced across more generous welfare states in Northern Europe, while the opposite is true of less generous welfare states in Southern Europe. Transfer behavior of parents and grown children across Europe is most consistent with the need for help and ability to give. The results demonstrate that assessments of the effects of public policies affecting intergenerational redistribution of resources would benefit from taking into account how family members of different generations redistribute resources due to changes in those policies. / text

Background: Over the last 30 years, Sweden's agricultural industry has changed significantly, with land prices rising and the number of agricultural firms steadily declining as they are replaced by larger farms. In the near future, there will be a considerable increase in the number of ownership transfers initiated in Sweden, this since in 2020 one-third of agricultural entrepreneurs with sole proprietorships were 65 or older. Purpose: The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to identify factors influencing family farm succession intentions, as well as (2) to address the theoretical deficit within family farm research by establishing the two implicit economic and emotional paradigms with a theoretical foundation, and ultimately contribute towards determining which theoretical approach is best for explaining succession in family farms. Method: The researchers used a positivist research philosophy in conjunction with a deductive research approach. The quantitative technique was utilized to collect data, with the researchers employing a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to Swedish farmers. Pearson correlation and binary logistic regression tests were used to further analyze the data. Conclusion: The findings show that family farm exposure is significant for intra-family succession in Swedish family farms; a factor derived from intergenerational solidarity theory. This implies that a theory from another domain is applicable to family farm research, and that the emotional perspective has a greater influence on farmer succession intentions than the economic perspective.

This thesis deals with the generational shift in women's attitudes towards the upbringing of their own children in the early 21st century. The aim of this thesis is to determine how today's generation of mothers reflects the upbringing of their parents, reflection of their own experience with upbringing and whether that leads to some inter- generational shift or change within the approach itself. Possible causes and influences of shifts and changes are discussed. To achieve this goal a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with women - mothers was conducted. The research shows that in fact shifts in these approaches actually occur and that the main criterion is a reflection of one's own childhood in particular, reflection of one's parents and reflection of the current relationship with one's parents.

Le transfert des parents est considéré à Lubumbashi comme une manifestation des solidarités familiales. Cependant, l’échange des parents n’est pas extensif comme le véhicule les discours sur la solidarité. L’hébergement est électif et s’exerce en fonction de certaines modalités. Je constate que les conjoints rendent prioritairement les bienfaits aux parents qui les avaient aidés dans le parcours de leur vie. Cette logique contredit les discours sur la spontanéité et la gratuité d’entraide. Elle s’inscrit par contre dans le principe du don et contre-don. <p>Aussi, la valorisation excessive de la solidarité cache plusieurs récriminations dans le vécu des ménages. En privé, les conjoints ne tarissent pas des dénonciations contre l’hébergement des parents. Certains informateurs disent que l’insertion est une charge supplémentaire (ni charge). Ils déplorent également des violences verbales et physiques dont sont victimes les parents hébergés et les conjoints. D’autres, décrient les frustrations conjugales. L’exiguïté du logement et le confinement des parents font que les conjoints n’ont presque pas d’espace intime. Les solutions au logement des parents sont trouvées dans la promiscuité. Pour leurs rapports sexuels, les conjoints recourent à plusieurs tactiques de dissimulation. De même, la proximité des parents de sexe opposé occasionne des rapports sexuels interdits par la coutume. Je relève aussi entre les conjoints des pratiques d’entraide souterraine qui posent la question des limites entre la moralité et l’immoralité dans l’assistance des proches parents/ The transfer of parents is considered to Lubumbashi as a manifestation of family solidarity. However, the exchange of the parents is not as extensive vehicle discourse on solidarity. Accommodation is elective and is exercised in accordance with certain rules. I find that spouses make priority benefits to parents who had helped in the course of their lives. This contradicts the logic of speech spontaneity and free support. It fits in with against the principle of gift-giving and cons.<p>Also, the excessive value of solidarity hides many recriminations lived in households. In private, spouses are full of denunciations against hosting parents. Some informants say that integration is an additional charge (or charges). They also complained of verbal and physical abuse suffered by parents and spouses hosted. Others decry the marital frustrations. The cramped housing and containment of parents do that spouses have almost no private space. Solutions to the housing Parents are found in promiscuity. Their sex, spouses use several tactics of concealment. Similarly, the proximity of the parents of the opposite sex causes sex forbidden by custom. I would also between spouses practices support underground raise the question of boundaries between morality and immorality in assisting relatives.<p> <p><p> / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished