In field experiments conducted in northern Virginia during 1998, oils reduced photosynthesis, fruit maturity, and crop yield. Three applications of a 1.5% (v/v) oil/water emulsion were made to Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon vine canopies at 6200 L/ha (Chardonnay) and 2440 L/ha (Cabernet Sauvignon). Net assimilation rate (NAR), soluble solids concentration (SSC), and berry size were reduced by oil treatments when compared to an untreated control. Also in 1998, a 1.5% (v/v) oil/water emulsion at 5550 L/ha and 4680 L/ha was applied to 23 wine grape cultivars. Eleven cultivars had significant foliar injury but injury was not related to reductions in fruit maturity. Experiments conducted in 1999 determined if reduced spray volumes or applications to only the fruit zone minimize reductions in NAR and SSC. Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon were treated with JMS Stylet oil (1.5%) using 5600 L/ha or 1870 L/ha applied to the whole canopy or 930 L/ha applied to the fruit zone. The NAR of 5600 L/ha treated Cabernet Sauvignon was significantly lower than the NAR of control and other oil treatments on three measurement dates. The NAR of Chardonnay in the 5600 L/ha treatment was significantly lower than the NAR of control treatments in three measurements. Cabernet Sauvignon SSC was reduced by the 5600 L/ha and 1870 L/ha treatments, relative to the water treated control, on three sample dates but not at harvest. The SSC of Chardonnay in the 5600 L/ha treatment was reduced at harvest as compared to all other treatments. The SSC of Chardonnay in the 1870 and 930 L/ha treatments was reduced relative to the water control. Low volumes of oil caused less reduction in NAR and SSC; however, there are concerns about the efficacy of oils used at low volumes due to poor coverage. / Master of Science

No description available.

PONTES FILHO, Frederico Silva Thé. Qualidade de cajus tratados com aminoetoxivinilglicina (AVG) e ácido geberélico (GA3). 2014. 138 f. : Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Pós-Graduação em Agronomia / Fitotecnia, Fortaleza-CE, 2014 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-22T12:56:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_fstpontesfilho.pdf: 2483621 bytes, checksum: c0b7ea622f4ea9e6f88cfd7aeca00ab3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-22T12:57:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_fstpontesfilho.pdf: 2483621 bytes, checksum: c0b7ea622f4ea9e6f88cfd7aeca00ab3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-22T12:57:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_fstpontesfilho.pdf: 2483621 bytes, checksum: c0b7ea622f4ea9e6f88cfd7aeca00ab3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / One of many problems that worry the cashew farmers is the very short post-harvest conservation of the peduncle, due to the fast firmness lost, negatively affecting the sales of this product. The use of growth regulators may be an alternative to improve the peduncle quality (keep flesh firmness), avoid waste (reduce the pre-harvest fall), increase the harvest time (reduce the seasonality), this way, dropping production costs in the cashew farming. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AVG and GA3 spraying in pre-harvest, concerning the quality and production of pseudo fruits of dwarf cashew tree clones CCP 76 and 189, produced in the Northeast Brazilian Region. Thereunto, it was made five experiments, which the replications was the harvests times, for each treatment. The first was carried in randomized block, with two plants per unit and 10 fruits per plant, with following treatments (doses) for the CCP 76 clone: AVG 0 mg L-1 (water sprayed); AVG 40 mg L-1; AVG 80 mg L-1; AVG 120 mg L-1; GA3 40 mg L-1; GA3 80 mg L-1; and GA3 120 mg L-1. The studied characteristics was power of hydrogen (pH), soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (AT), SS/AT relation, soluble sugar (AS), vitamin C (VC), total carotenoids (CT), total anthocyanins (ANT) and extractable polyphenols (PE). The second and the third experiments were carried in randomized blocks, with two plants per unit and 15 fruits per plant and two clones (CCP 76 and BRS 189). These experiments include the following treatments (doses): AVG and GA3 0 mg L-1 (water sprayed); 60 mg L-1, 120 mg L-1, 180 mg L-1 of AVG and 60 mg L-1, 120 mg.L-1, 180 mg.L-1 of GA3. For both clones the characteristics evaluated was break between spray and harvest, fruit fall before harvest, peduncle size, peduncle basal diameter, peduncle top diameter, cashew total mass, peduncle mass, nut mass and peduncle flesh firmness. The fourth and fifth experiments had same treatments and experimental set of the second and third. However the evaluated variables, for both clones, was: SS, AT, SS/AT relation, AS and VC. In the first experiment it was observed that the GA3 120 mg L-1 dose could be a alternative for the early dwarf cashew clone CCP 76, because it improved the commercial quality attributes of the peduncles. In the experiments two and three GA3 increased the break between the spraying and the harvest, the size and firmness of clones peduncles studied. In the two last experiments the GA3 increased the SS/AT relation of the peduncles of CCP 76 and BRS 189 early dwarf cashew clones. Therefore, besides it detain the maturation time, the growth regulators also improved some quality attributes of the peduncles, what is well wished due to the fact that the improvement of such attributes is predominantly made by genetic improvement, and this process, in the current conditions, takes a lot of time to be concluded. / Um dos vários problemas que preocupam os cajucultores, especialmente os que pretendem atuar no comércio de caju in natura, é a conservação pós-colheita demasiadamente pequena dos pedúnculos, atribuída à rápida perda de firmeza dos mesmos, afetando negativamente a venda desse pseudofruto. O uso de reguladores de crescimento pode ser uma alternativa para melhorar a qualidade do pedúnculo (manter a firmeza da polpa), evitar o desperdício (diminuir a queda pré-colheita), aumentar o tempo de colheita (abreviar a sazonalidade), desse modo, reduzindo custo de produção na cajucultura. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de AVG e GA3 em pré-colheita, sobre a qualidade e produção dos pseudofrutos dos clones de cajueiro-anão-precoce CCP 76 e BRS 189, cultivados na região Nordeste do Brasil. Para tanto, foram realizados cinco experimentos, sendo as repetições as datas de colheita, para cada tratamento. O primeiro foi realizado em blocos casualizados, com duas plantas por parcela e 10 frutos por planta, com os seguintes tratamentos (dosagens) para o clone CCP 76: 0 mg L-1 de AVG e GA3 (pulverização com água); 40 mg L-1 de AVG; 80 mg L-1 de AVG; 120 mg L-1 de AVG; 40 mg L-1 de GA3; 80 mg.L-1 de GA3; e 120 mg.L-1 de GA3. As características analisadas foram: potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação sólidos solúveis/acidez titulável (SS/AT), açúcares solúveis (AS), vitamina C (VC), carotenoides totais (CT), antocianinas totais (ANT) e polifenois extraíveis (PE). O segundo e terceiro experimentos foram realizados em blocos casualizados, com duas plantas por parcela, 15 frutos por planta e dois clones de cajueiro (CCP 76 e BRS 189). Esses experimentos abrangeram os seguintes tratamentos (dosagens): 0 mg L-1 de AVG e GA3 (pulverização com água); 60 mg L-1 de AVG; 120 mg L-1 de AVG; 180 mg L-1 de AVG; 60 mg L-1 de GA3; 120 mg.L-1 de GA3; e 180 mg.L-1 de GA3. As características analisadas, para ambos os clones, foram: intervalo entre a aplicação e colheita, queda de frutos em pré-colheita, comprimento do pedúnculo, diâmetro basal do pedúnculo, diâmetro apical do pedúnculo, massa total do caju, massa do pedúnculo, massa da castanha e firmeza da polpa do pedúnculo. O quarto e quinto experimentos tiveram os mesmos tratamentos e delineamento experimental do segundo e terceiro. Contudo as variáveis analisadas, para ambos os clones, foram: SS, AT, relação SS/AT, AS e VC. No primeiro experimento verifica-se que a dosagem de 120 mg L-1 de GA3 pode ser uma alternativa ao clone de cajueiro-anão-precoce CCP 76, pois melhora os atributos de qualidade comercial dos pedúnculos. Nos experimentos dois e três o GA3 aumentou o intervalo entre a aplicação e colheita, tamanho e a firmeza dos pedúnculos dos clones estudados. Nos dois últimos experimentos o GA3 aumentou a relação SS/AT dos pedúnculos dos clones de cajueiro-anão-precoce CCP 76 e BRS 189. Portanto, além de terem retardado o tempo de maturação, os reguladores de crescimento também aprimoram alguns atributos de qualidade dos pedúnculos, o que é bastante desejável devido ao fato de que a melhoria de tais atributos é feita predominantemente via melhoramento genético, e este processo, nas atuais condições, leva muito tempo até ser concluído.

O Estado de São Paulo é o principal produtor de uvas de mesa do país, sendo a Niágara Rosada (Vitis Labrusca) a cultivar predominante. Para se oferecer produtos de qualidade ao mercado, os produtores necessitam determinar, periodicamente, o estado de maturação das uvas, sendo o teor de sólidos solúveis (tss), a principal variável avaliada. Para essa determinação, utilizase a amostragem dos frutos na área cultivada. O presente trabalho discute, assim, os métodos de amostragem estratificado e aleatório, e o tamanho adequado da amostra de baga individual, para avaliar o estado de maturação da uva Niágara Rosada, com base no teor de sólidos solúveis. O tamanho adequado da amostra de baga individual foi encontrado para os dois métodos de amostragem, separadamente, utilizando-se os métodos Máxima Curvatura, Máxima Curvatura Modificado e Curva da Variancia. Os métodos de amostragem foram comparados utilizando-se uma análise univariada para dados com medidas repetidas, através dos procedimentos GLM e MIXED do SAS. Foram utilizados dois procedimentos, para que se produzisse resultados confiáveis. Os tamanhos mínimos de amostra de baga individual requeridos, para os métodos estratificado e aleatório foram aproximadamente 30 e 27 bagas por área, respectivamente. Os métodos de amostragem estudados apresentaram diferença significativa, e o método aleatório apresentou grande variação máxima e mínima por planta, devendo assim, ser evitado para esse tipo de estudo. / Sao Paulo state is the main table grape producer in Brazil, being the Niágara Rosada (Vitis Labrusca) the predominant cultivar. To offer quality products to the market, the producers need to determine, periodically, the grapes maturation state, being the content of soluble solids the main variable measured. To determine this content, a sample of fruits in an area is collected. This work approaches the random and the stratified sampling methods and the appropriate sample size of individual berry to evaluate the maturation state of the Niágara Rosada based on the content of soluble solids. The appropriate sample size for individual berry was obtained for two sampling methods, separately, using the Maximum Curvature, Modified Maximum Curvature and Variance Curve methods. The sampling methods were compared using a univariate analysis for repeated measures data using the SAS GLM and MIXED procedures. Two different procedures were used to attain reliable results. The minimum berry sample size required for stratified and random methods were approximately 30 and 27 berries by area, respectively. The sampling methods investigated present significantly different results, and the random method presented high maximum and minimum variation by plant and should be avoided for this kind of study.

Orientador: Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta / Banca: Luiz Evaldo de Moura Pádua / Banca: Leilson Costa Grangeiro / Banca: Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho / Banca: Fábio Henrique Tavares de Oliveira / Resumo: O fósforo é um dos nutrientes mais importantes para a cultura do meloeiro, que influencia significativamente a economia da região Nordeste. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de doses de P na produção e qualidade de frutos de melão amarelo, cultivar Goldex F1. O experimento foi desenvolvido no Colégio Agrícola de Teresina/UFPI, entre maio e agosto de 2008. O delineamento experimental foi montado em 4 blocos casualizados em parcelas (tratamentos principais), com doses de P (0, 120, 240, 360 e 480 kg ha-1 de P2O5); as parcelas foram subdivididas no tempo (tratamentos secundários) aos 20, 27, 34, 41 e 48 dias após o transplante (DAT). Nas condições de cultivo do meloeiro em Teresina, a aplicação de doses de P2O5: 1 - A produção de frutos comerciais, massa e número de frutos comerciais por planta, diâmetro, comprimento e espessura da polpa de frutos comerciais aumentaram até a dose de 278 kg/ha P2O5; 2 - Doses acima de 278 kg/ha P2O5 prejudicaram o desenvolvimento inicial das plantas e a produção de frutos comerciais por planta; 3 - As doses de fósforo não influenciaram no teor de sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável dos frutos comerciais / Abstract: Phosphorus is a important nutrient for the melon, and this culture has significant importance for the economy in the Northeast of Brazil. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of P levels on production and fruit quality of yellow melon variety Goldex F1. The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural College Teresina / UFPI between May and August 2008. The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks with five main treatments (P doses (0, 120, 240, 360 and 480 kg P2O5 ha-1) were subdivided in time (secondary treatment) at 20 , 27, 34, 41 and 48 days after transplanting (DAT). The results showed, under the conditions of this experiment, that: 1 - The productivity of comertial fruits, weight and number of comertial fruits per plant, as well as lengh and diameter of fruits and thickness of pulp increased with doses until 278 kg/ha P2O5; 2 - Doses above 278 kg/ha P2O5 tended to decrease initial planta development and production of fruit production; 3 - The phoshporus doses used do not affected significantly soluble solids and acidity of comercial fruits / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:05:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 abreu_flg_dr_jabo.pdf: 516269 bytes, checksum: 13df4ee9b7a423e1d9c966824d142925 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O fósforo é um dos nutrientes mais importantes para a cultura do meloeiro, que influencia significativamente a economia da região Nordeste. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de doses de P na produção e qualidade de frutos de melão amarelo, cultivar Goldex F1. O experimento foi desenvolvido no Colégio Agrícola de Teresina/UFPI, entre maio e agosto de 2008. O delineamento experimental foi montado em 4 blocos casualizados em parcelas (tratamentos principais), com doses de P (0, 120, 240, 360 e 480 kg ha-1 de P2O5); as parcelas foram subdivididas no tempo (tratamentos secundários) aos 20, 27, 34, 41 e 48 dias após o transplante (DAT). Nas condições de cultivo do meloeiro em Teresina, a aplicação de doses de P2O5: 1 – A produção de frutos comerciais, massa e número de frutos comerciais por planta, diâmetro, comprimento e espessura da polpa de frutos comerciais aumentaram até a dose de 278 kg/ha P2O5; 2 - Doses acima de 278 kg/ha P2O5 prejudicaram o desenvolvimento inicial das plantas e a produção de frutos comerciais por planta; 3 – As doses de fósforo não influenciaram no teor de sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável dos frutos comerciais / Phosphorus is a important nutrient for the melon, and this culture has significant importance for the economy in the Northeast of Brazil. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of P levels on production and fruit quality of yellow melon variety Goldex F1. The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural College Teresina / UFPI between May and August 2008. The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks with five main treatments (P doses (0, 120, 240, 360 and 480 kg P2O5 ha-1) were subdivided in time (secondary treatment) at 20 , 27, 34, 41 and 48 days after transplanting (DAT). The results showed, under the conditions of this experiment, that: 1 – The productivity of comertial fruits, weight and number of comertial fruits per plant, as well as lengh and diameter of fruits and thickness of pulp increased with doses until 278 kg/ha P2O5; 2 - Doses above 278 kg/ha P2O5 tended to decrease initial planta development and production of fruit production; 3 – The phoshporus doses used do not affected significantly soluble solids and acidity of comercial fruits

O Estado de São Paulo é o principal produtor de uvas de mesa do país, sendo a Niágara Rosada (Vitis Labrusca) a cultivar predominante. Para se oferecer produtos de qualidade ao mercado, os produtores necessitam determinar, periodicamente, o estado de maturação das uvas, sendo o teor de sólidos solúveis (tss), a principal variável avaliada. Para essa determinação, utilizase a amostragem dos frutos na área cultivada. O presente trabalho discute, assim, os métodos de amostragem estratificado e aleatório, e o tamanho adequado da amostra de baga individual, para avaliar o estado de maturação da uva Niágara Rosada, com base no teor de sólidos solúveis. O tamanho adequado da amostra de baga individual foi encontrado para os dois métodos de amostragem, separadamente, utilizando-se os métodos Máxima Curvatura, Máxima Curvatura Modificado e Curva da Variancia. Os métodos de amostragem foram comparados utilizando-se uma análise univariada para dados com medidas repetidas, através dos procedimentos GLM e MIXED do SAS. Foram utilizados dois procedimentos, para que se produzisse resultados confiáveis. Os tamanhos mínimos de amostra de baga individual requeridos, para os métodos estratificado e aleatório foram aproximadamente 30 e 27 bagas por área, respectivamente. Os métodos de amostragem estudados apresentaram diferença significativa, e o método aleatório apresentou grande variação máxima e mínima por planta, devendo assim, ser evitado para esse tipo de estudo. / Sao Paulo state is the main table grape producer in Brazil, being the Niágara Rosada (Vitis Labrusca) the predominant cultivar. To offer quality products to the market, the producers need to determine, periodically, the grapes maturation state, being the content of soluble solids the main variable measured. To determine this content, a sample of fruits in an area is collected. This work approaches the random and the stratified sampling methods and the appropriate sample size of individual berry to evaluate the maturation state of the Niágara Rosada based on the content of soluble solids. The appropriate sample size for individual berry was obtained for two sampling methods, separately, using the Maximum Curvature, Modified Maximum Curvature and Variance Curve methods. The sampling methods were compared using a univariate analysis for repeated measures data using the SAS GLM and MIXED procedures. Two different procedures were used to attain reliable results. The minimum berry sample size required for stratified and random methods were approximately 30 and 27 berries by area, respectively. The sampling methods investigated present significantly different results, and the random method presented high maximum and minimum variation by plant and should be avoided for this kind of study.

The marula tree has already become a very important alternative crop in South Africa with a great potential for further improvement. There are, however, no accurate records that have been reported on the fruit yield and quality of marula tree in Southern Africa. To utilise the fruit fully, to make proper selections from the wild trees and to develop new selections/cultivars, there is a need to have information on yield potential and fruit quality aspects. The overall objective was to determine the yield potential and to evaluate the fruit quality of different marula selections putting more emphasis on fruit quality parameters such as the fruit mass, size, total soluble solids (TSS), acidity and juice content. Four marula selections were identified during their peak production season(2004/2005/2006/2007) at Schoeman Boerdery (Orchard) between Marble-Hall and Groblersdal in Mpumalanga Province (South Africa). From each of the selections, namely; Pharulani, Toularula and Swarula, five trees were selected randomly and marked, while from the Wild marula only four trees were selected and marked. For the purpose of experimental design, the four selections were regarded as four treatments, and the marked trees per selection as the replicates. All selected trees were more or less the same in size and were in full production. The trees were growing in an orchard with planting distance of 9 m (interspacing) and 4.5 m (intraspacing). To determine yield potential, the number of fruit per square meter per tree was counted on pre-labelled branches on five positions around the tree canopy at three stages of fruit development. Collected data were converted to grams of fruit per square metre. Tree canopy size (CS), expressed as m2, was calculated by using the radius (r) of each canopy in the following formula: CS= (╥.r2) 4. For calculating the yield per tree, the average canopy size was multiplied by the number of fruit counted per m2. Twenty fruits from each labelled marula tree per selection were randomly selected; collected and taken to the Ecophysiology Laboratory at University of Pretoria for fruit quality traits, weight (mass), size, stone mass, peel mass, juice content, Total Soluble Solids (TSS) and Titratable acidity (TA). The yield efficiency/potential for both tree unit and hectare (ha) basis in 2006/2007 season, showed that the Swarula selection had the highest total yield as compared to other selections. Results showed that there was a positive relationship between fruit weight and size, that is, the bigger the weight, the bigger the size and the opposite. Generally, three selections, Swarula, Toularula and Pharulani had a higher fruit mass and size than “wild” marula. Pharulani had the highest seed/stone mass whereas “wild” marula had the lowest seed mass during the 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 fruiting seasons. Pharulani selection had the highest juice mass during both seasons whereas Swarula selection had the lowest juice mass. Results also showed that ‘wild’ marula had the highest TSS/TA ratio during both seasons whereas Pharulani had the lowest TSS/TA ratio. Optimal traits were therefore found in different selections and not in the same selections as envisaged. Copyright / Dissertation (MInst Agrar)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted

Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) is the strategy of reducing irrigation rates during a specific period of growth and development, with the objective of conserving water and managing plant growth while maintaining or improving yield and fruit quality. Mature tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L. 'Montmorency') trees in a commercial orchard were subjected to a range of irrigation deficits from pit hardening to harvest during the 2007 and 2008 seasons. Irrigation treatments replaced from 62% to 96% of ETc, during that period. Midday stem water potential measurements were significantly different among treatments before harvest. However, fresh weight yield at harvest did not differ significantly among irrigation treatments in either year (P-value=0.64). In 2008 the amount of undersized fruit eliminated during packout was significantly higher in the treatments replacing 61% and 68% of ETc than in the control (P-value<0.0001), but only amounted to 2.0% and 1.4% of total yields, respectively. This small increase in undersized fruit did not significantly affect packout. Fruit quality measurements, such as soluble solids concentration and chroma of whole intact fruit, increased with the severity of the irrigation deficit. Visible surface bark damage from mechanical harvesting appeared less severe as deficit levels increased. Return bloom was not significantly affected by irrigation treatments.

No description available.