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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Desenvolvimento de metodologia para avaliação de resíduos de agrotóxicos em café torrado

Souza, Nicaellen Roberta da Silva 31 July 2015 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Agriculture is one of the main economic activities of the Brazil, possessing the culture of coffee as their main primary commodity. In order to achieve high levels of production and prevent the loss of crops, farm inputs such as pesticides are used in large quantities. This type of practice and the increased public concern consumer are motivating scientific research about these topics, with the aim of ensuring food safety of products supplied for consumption. However, the literature does not report methodologies for the determination of pesticide residues in roasted coffee, with the methods of extraction and analysis proposed, which according to bibliographic data present residues of these substances even after roasting. In this context, the present study sought to develop an analytical methodology to determine carbofuran, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, clothianidin, disulfoton, endosulfan, spirodiclofen, haloxyfop, imidacloprid, tebuconazole, triadimenol and triadimefom in roasted coffee using solid liquid extraction method by sonication with clean-up step through liquid liquid extraction (LLE) and instrumental analysis for ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry detector (LC-MS/MS). For both, the optimization of chromatographic conditions and assessing the best method of clean-up was carried out. With that, the conditions for better quantitative response was obtained with 0.5 g of roasted coffee, 5 mL extraction solvent by sonication, 1 mL of water and 1 mL of dichloromethane in the clean-up by LLE. During the validation procedure in LC-MS/MS positive matrix effect was observed for all analytes except of cypermethrin in which there was suppression of the signal by array, causing, prepared in the curve-based extract, recoveries between 74.2%-102.4% standard relative deviation (SRD) between 0.6% and 10.2%, in levels concentration assessed in the process, Furthermore, the linearity obtained was in the range of 0.9979 to 0.9998 for pesticides , carbofuran, disulfoton, imidacloprid, clothianidin tebuconazole, triadimenol, triadimefom and ensuring the efficiency of the methodology. / A agricultura é uma das principais atividades econômicas do Brasil, possuindo a cultura do café como sua principal commodity primária. A fim de atingir altos níveis de produção e evitar a perda das safras, insumos agrícolas como os agrotóxicos são utilizados em grandes quantidades. Este tipo de prática e o aumento da preocupação do público consumidor estão motivando investigações científicas a respeito destes tópicos, com o intuito de garantir a segurança alimentar dos produtos fornecidos para o consumo. No entanto, a literatura não relata metodologias para a determinação de resíduos de agrotóxicos no café torrado, com os métodos de extração e análise propostos, que segundo dados bibliográficos apresentam resíduos destas substâncias mesmo após a torrefação. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho buscou desenvolver uma metodologia analítica para determinar carbofurano, cipermetrina, clorpirifós, clotianidina, dissulfotom, endosulfan, espirodiclofeno, haloxifope, imidacloprido, tebuconazol, triadimefom e triadimenol em café torrado empregando método de extração sólido líquido por sonicação com etapa de clean-up por meio de extração líquido líquido (LLE) e análise instrumental por cromatografia líquida de ultra eficiência acoplada a detector por espectrometria de massas (LC-MS/MS). Para tanto, a otimização das condições cromatográficas e a avaliação do melhor método de clean-up foram realizadas. Com isso, as condições de melhor resposta quantitativa foi obtida com 0,5 g de café torrado, 5 mL de solvente de extração por sonicação, 1 mL de água e 1 mL de diclorometano na etapa de clean-up por LLE. Durante o procedimento de validação no LC-MS/MS foi observado efeito matriz positivo para todos os analitos com exceção da cipermetrina na qual houve supressão do sinal pela matriz, ocasionando, com base na curva preparada no extrato, recuperações entre 74,2% - 102,4%, com desvio padrão relativo entre 0,6% e 10,2%, nos níveis de concentração avaliados no processo, além disso, a linearidade obtida foi na faixa de 0,9979 a 0,9998 para os agrotóxicos, carbofurano, clotianidina dissulfotom, imidacloprido, tebuconazol, triadimefom e triadimenol, garantindo a eficiência da metodologia.
62

Stanovení perfluorovaných sloučenin pomocí separačních metod / Determination of perfluorinated compounds using separation methods

Blažková, Eva January 2010 (has links)
The theoretical part of this diploma thesis consists of current matters regarding the presence of perfluorinated organic compounds in living environment elements. The attention has been focused on perfluoroktanoic acid (PFOA), (PFOS), and (FOSA). Physical-chemical characteristics of these organic pollutants and their toxicological and environmental aspects have been described. Possible ways of the pollutants analytical determination have been specified. The experimental part has explored effects of extraction techniques (sonication, pressurized solvent extraction, solid-phase extraction) used for PFAS separation from seats of fire soil sample. Identification of the analytes have been achieved by liquid chromatography/mass spektrometry.

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