Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:42:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angelo Dimitre Gomes Guedes.pdf: 2138760 bytes, checksum: 4c1a23b3bd1552de0d488a60bd3609d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-18 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The relationship between the visual, sonorous and verbal codes is a subject that has fascinated many artists and researchers. Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944) has been responsible for one of the most respected works in this field. Poetry, synesthesia and sensitivity are hallmarks since his childhood. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, art showed signs of breaking with the representation of the outside world model. In this scenario, Kandinsky sought the inner/spiritual content of the art work: the inner sonority. Through inner sonority, different outward forms can achieve the same resonance in the soul of the viewer. In his book "Concerning the Spiritual in Art", published in 1914, Kandinsky set out the main concepts related to inner sonority. The author seemed to predict new directions for art, in which external values would be reduced and inner sonority amplified. This dissertation presents a reflection on this scenario. It points out the path traveled by Kandinsky in the development of his language, focusing on issues concerning relations between codes. It also sets out the main concepts presented in his book , presents the Monumental Art, concept created by Kandinsky, in which several codes are related, brings an analysis of parts of the scenic composition "The Yellow sound", that is an example of the Monumental Art. And finally, it presents an art essay written by the author of this dissertation, in which elements of visual, sonorous and verbal codes are related through inner sonority / A relação entre os códigos visual, sonoro e verbal é um tema que sempre fascinou diversos artistas e pesquisadores. Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944) foi responsável por um dos mais conceituados trabalhos nesse campo. Poesia, sinestesia e sensibilidade são características marcantes desde a sua infância. No final do século XIX e início do século XX, a arte apresentava sinais de ruptura com o modelo de representação do mundo exterior. Em meio a esse cenário, Kandinsky buscou o conteúdo interior/espiritual de uma obra de arte: a sonoridade interior. Por meio dela, formas exteriores distintas podem atingir a mesma ressonância na alma do espectador. Em seu livro Do Espiritual na Arte , publicado em 1914, Kandinsky expôs os principais conceitos concernentes à sonoridade interior. O autor parecia profetizar novos rumos à Arte, nos quais os valores externos seriam reduzidos e a sonoridade interior amplificada. Esta dissertação apresenta uma reflexão sobre todo esse cenário. Aponta o trajeto percorrido por Kandinsky no desenvolvimento de sua linguagem, concentrando-se em assuntos concernentes a relações intercódigos. Expõe os principais conceitos apresentados no livro Do Espiritual na Arte . Apresenta a Arte Monumental, conceito criado por Kandinsky, no qual diversos códigos são relacionados. Analisa recortes da composição cênica A sonoridade amarela , exemplo de Arte Monumental. Apresenta um ensaio artístico criado pelo autor da presente dissertação, no qual são relacionados elementos dos códigos visual, sonoro e verbal, por meio da sonoridade interior

Esta investigação tem como propósito, por um lado, revisar as principais teorias que analisam a aquisição e a aprendizagem de língua estrangeira (LE) e os principais conceitos e modelos que abordam especificamente a aquisição e a aprendizagem dos sons em LE os conceitos de surdez fonológica de Polivanov (1931) e de crivo fonológico de Trubetskoy (1939); o Modelo de Aprendizagem da Fala (SLM, Speech Learning Model de Flege (1981, 1991, 1995); o Modelo de Assimilação Perceptiva (PAM, Perceptual Assimilation Model de Best (1993, 1994, 1995); e o Modelo do Imã da Língua Materna (NLM, Native Language Magnet de Kuhl e Iverson (1995) , no marco da interrelação entre a fonética, a fonologia e as várias disciplinas linguísticas, desde princípios do século XX; época em que são formuladas as teorias estruturalistas, até as últimas décadas, quando se incorporou a contribuição da neurolinguística. Por outro lado, tem como objeto de estudo refletir sobre as dificuldades dos estudantes brasileiros de E/LE, com base em toda a argumentação teórica dos autores acima nomeados. Tal reflexão compreende desde uma visão genérica dessas dificuldades, apresentadas em uma tipologia, a uma mais específica, privilegiando a análise das características acústico-articulatórias da produção dos sons aproximantes [, ð, ] e nasais [m, n, ] da língua espanhola, por estudantes universitários brasileiros de E/LE do centro da cidade de São Paulo. Considera-se semelhante investigação relevante para os estudos das dificuldades dos estudantes brasileiros de E/LE no aspecto fônico, sobretudo por versar sobre as dificuldades não somente do ponto de vista contrastivo. Contempla sobremaneira os vários elementos implícitos no referido processo como as estratégias cognitivas próprias do período de interlíngua dos estudantes bem como a análise das características acústicas e articulatórias dos sons aproximantes e nasais, permitindo identificar, compreender e apresentar estratégias de correção no âmbito da produção dos sons em E/LE. / This paper aims at two goals: reviewing mainstream theories which analyze both foreign language learning and acquisition and chief concepts and models that specifically approach the learning and acquisition of Spanish soundsthe concepts of phonologic deafness (POLIVANOV, 1931), phonological sieve (TRUBETSKOY, 1939), SLM - Speech Learning Model (FLEGE, 1981, 1991, 1995), PAM - Perceptual Assimilation Model (BEST, 1993, 1994, 1995), and the NLM - Native Language Magnet (KUHL & IVERSON, 1995)interrelating phonetics, phonology and areas of linguistics from the beginning of the 20th century until current views, such as neurolinguistics; reflecting upon the learning difficulties faced by Brazilian students of Spanish. This reflection will range from a more generic view of these challenges, following a given typology, to a more detailed examination, emphasizing the analysis of acoustic-articulatory characteristics of Spanish approximants [, ð, ] and nasals [m, n, ] uttered by Brazilians who are university students of Spanish, from downtown Sao Paulo City. The investigation and its results are considered highly relevant to Brazilian learners of Spanish as it approaches common pronunciation problems through different aspects besides contrastive analysis. It contemplates several elements such as typical interlanguage cognitive strategies and the acoustic and articulatory analysis mentioned above in order to identify and understand mispronunciation phenomena as well as present (self-)correction strategies to reach standard production of Spanish sounds.

Orientador: Lucy Seki / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T17:23:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pessoa_KatiaNepomuceno_D.pdf: 32464697 bytes, checksum: d889efd1819683032b3b3b0071e3161c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Botocudo é um nome genérico aplicado aos índios que tinham como padrão de cultura o uso de botoques de madeira, auriculares e labiais, prezando por adornos corporais (pulseiras, perneiras, colares e pintura no corpo) (MARCATO, 1979). Esses índios ocupavam as regiões do interior do leste e sudeste brasileiro, vivendo em faixas florestais da Mata Atlântica e Zona da Mata e foi sobre eles que se deu a maior repressão oficial e extraoficial do homem branco contra uma população indígena já registrada no Brasil, o que levou ao desaparecimento de quase todos os membros pertencentes a este grupo. Atualmente, os únicos representantes sobreviventes são os índios Krenak, que habitam a Aldeia Krenak, às margens do rio Doce, entre as cidades de Conselheiro Pena e Resplendor, no Estado de Minas Gerais. A língua Krenak é considerada como uma língua em situação de extremo risco de extinção. Mesmo assim, assumimos que a língua continua viva e que deve, portanto ser descrita, a fim de que possamos contar com estudos cada vez mais recentes e que ofereçam mais informações linguísticas sobre as línguas da família Botocudo/ Krenak Neste trabalho, temos como objetivo principal descrever aspectos fonéticos e fonológicos da língua Krenak. De modo complementar, apresentamos uma descrição da morfossintaxe da língua, segundo Seki (2000, 2001, 2004) e, a partir destes estudos, propomos uma análise preliminar de contos Botocudo, coletados pelo pesquisador russo Heri Herikovich Manizer, em 1915. Os dados de áudio foram coletados por Seki, entre os anos de 1979 e 1981. O estudo fonético revelou características articulatórias das nasais surdas e dos segmentos de contorno (as nasais pré e pós oralizadas) da língua. A descrição fonológica permitiu distinguir vogais orais e nasais, diferentemente do que fora proposto anteriormente no estudo de Silva (1986). As reflexões fonológicas tiveram por base a Geometria dos Traços (Clements e Hume, 1995) e a tipologia proposta por Wetzels (2008), a qual nos permitiu argumentar em favor da existência de uma classe /B/ como subjacente no sistema da língua, mesmo que sua manifestação superficial seja predominantemente realizada por meio da forma bifásica [mb]. Na coda, foi possível identificar a presença de segmentos de contorno parcialmente orais/nasais, os quais ocorrem como uma estratégia da língua para preservar a distinção entre vogais orais x nasais. Estas considerações foram determinantes para a definição do padrão silábico e dos processos fonológicos observáveis na língua. Ainda, o estudo fonológico permitiu verificar características referentes ao acento do Krenak. Ainda, a fim de apresentar uma visão mais ampla da língua, incluímos em nossa discussão um resumo do estudo de Seki acerca das características morfossintáticas da língua Krenak. A partir dos estudos apresentados, passamos para uma apreciação dos contos Botocudo coletados por Manizer em 1915. Estes contos apresentam-se como um material inédito e podem vir a contribuir para a recuperação de aspectos lingüísticos e culturais do grupo Krenak. Veremos que, apesar de ser possível ter uma compreensão geral sobre o funcionamento da língua, existem ainda vários aspectos que precisam ser esclarecidos, como a função de alguns morfemas e partículas. No entanto, estes avanços talvez sejam viáveis apenas por meio de uma nova coleta que conte com a colaboração direta dos falantes atuais / Abstract: Botocudo is a common name applied to the natives who has a cultural pattern used to use wooden, lip and auricular botoques, valuing body adornments (bracelets, necklaces, body painting and others) (MARCATO, 1979). These natives used to occupy the Brazilian east and southeast hinterland, living in forest belts of the Atlantic Forest and Forest Zone and it was over them that there was the greater official and "off the record" white man repression against an indigenous population ever registered in Brazilian records, which led to the disappearance of almost all the members belonging to this group. Nowadays, the only remaing survivors are the Krenak indians who live in the Krenak village, on the banks of Rio Doce, between the cities of Conselheiro Pena and Resplendor, in the state of Minas Gerais. The Krenak language is considered as in extreme extinction risk. Even though, it is assumed that it is still alive and, therefore, it must be described hence we can count on new and recent studies which provide more linguistic data on the Botocudo/Krenak family. In this dissertation, the main goal is to describe phonetic and phonologic aspects of the Krenak language. As a complement, we present a description of the language's morphosyntax, according to Seki (2000, 2001, 2004) and, from these studies, we propose a preliminary analysis of Botocudo tales, collected by the Russian researcher Heri Herikovich Manizer, in 1915. The audio data was collected by Seki, between the years of 1979 and 1981. The phonetic study revealed articulatory characteristics of voiceless nasals and the contour segments (the pre and post oralized nasals) of the language. The phonological description allowed distinguishing oral and nasal vowels, differently from what was posed by Silva (1986). The phonological analysis were based on the Feature Geometry (Clements e Hume, 1995) and the typology on Wetzels (2008), which granted us talking about the existence of a class /B/ as an underlying segment of the language system, even if its superficial manifestation is mostly done through its biphasic form [mb]. In the coda it was possible to identify the presence of contour segments partially oral/nasal, which occur as a language strategy to preserve the distinction between oral and nasal vowels. These considerations were determinant to define the syllabic pattern and the language observable phonological processes. Yet, the phonological study allowed verifying characteristics related to the Krenak accent. In order to present a wider perspective of the language, we included in this work a summarized Seki's study concerning morphossyntatic characteristics of Krenak language. From the present studies, we go for an analysis of the Botocudo tales collected by Manizer in 1915. These tales are presented as an unpublished material and might contribute to the recovery of cultural and linguistic aspects of Krenak. We will see that, besides the possibility of having a general understanding of the language functionality, there are, still, many aspects which must be clarified such as, the function of certain morphemes and particles. However, these improvements may become impossible to happen until its done a new collection relied on the directly contribution of the current speakers / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutor em Linguística

This master thesis deals with the teaching of pronunciation in primary schools in the Czech Republic. The theoretical thesis explains the importance of pronunciation, of phonetics and of phonology, because of achieving communication skills. It explains terms, that are related with pronunciation, describes phenomena in the German phonetic system, that are difficult for Czechs, and discusses methods of teaching German pronunciation in the context of primary school. It also points out that the inclusion of teaching German pronunciation is insufficient in RVP and very diverse in the school educational plans. The practical part of the thesis introduces three textbook files and analyses the degree of the inclusion of pronunciation in their concepts. Afterwards, it shows research that took place in five classes in primary school. It conducts observations and interviews with teachers in this research. The mastery of the very difficult German sounds by the pupils was found out. Finally, the results of the research in all classes are compared. The results of the research show that there is some connection between the teacher's teaching skills and the pupil's pronunciation skills. However, pupils don't manage the pronunciation of German sounds after two years of learning German. KEYWORDS German as a foreign...

Acoustic communication in orthopterans and anurans provides a suitable model system for studying the evolutionary mechanisms of sexual selection mainly because males use acoustic signals to attract females over long distances for pair formation. Females use these signals not only to localize conspecific males but also to discriminate between potential mates. Investigations on the effect of sexual selection on acoustic signals requires an understanding of how female preferences for different features of the acoustic signal affect male mating success under ecological constraints in wild populations. The effect of female preferences on male mating success depends on the mate sampling strategy that females employ to search for potential mates. Despite its relevance, female mate sampling strategies based on male acoustic signals have rarely investigated in orthopterans and anurans, especially in the field. Considering the elaborate knowledge of the role of sensory physiology in female phonotaxis behaviour and characterization of the male acoustic signal, I used the field cricket species Plebeiogryllus guttiventris as a model system in this study. In this thesis, I first investigated the ecology of callers in wild populations. I then investigated female mate sampling strategies by incorporating relevant information on the ecology of signalers and the sensory physiology of receivers. Amount of calling activity is a strong determinant of male mating success in acoustically communicating species such as orthopterans and anurans. While many studies in crickets have investigated the determinants of calling effort, patterns of variability in male calling effort in natural choruses remain largely unexplored. I therefore investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of acoustic chorusing behaviour in a wild population. I first studied the consistency of calling activity by quantifying variation in male calling effort across multiple nights of calling using repeatability analysis. Callers were inconsistent in their calling effort across nights and did not optimize nightly calling effort to increase their total number of nights spent calling. Next, I investigated calling site fidelity of males across multiple nights by quantifying movement of callers. Callers frequently changed their calling site across calling nights with substantial displacement but without any significant directionality. Finally, I investigated trade-offs between within-night calling effort and energetically expensive calling song features such as call intensity and chirp rate. Calling effort was not correlated with any of the calling song features, suggesting that energetically expensive song features do not constrain male calling effort. The two key features of signaling behaviour, calling effort and call intensity, which determine the duration and spatial coverage of the sexual signal, are uncorrelated and function independently Acoustic signal variation and female preference for different signal components constitute the prerequisite framework to study the mechanisms of sexual selection that shape acoustic communication. Despite several studies of acoustic communication in crickets, information on both male calling song variation in the field and female preference in the same system is lacking for most species. First, I quantified variation in the spectral, temporal and amplitudinal characteristics of the male calling song in a wild population, at two temporal scales, within and across nights, using repeatability analysis. Carrier frequency (CF) was the most repeatable call trait across nights, whereas chirp period (CP) had low repeatability. I further investigated female preferences based on song features with high and low repeatability (CF and CP respectively). Females showed no consistent preferences for CF but were more attracted towards calls with higher rates (shorter CP). I also examined the effect of signal intensity, which is known to play a critical role in female phonotaxis behaviour, on female preferences for faster calls. Females preferred louder calls over faster ones, implying a dominant role for signal intensity in female evaluation of potential mates based on acoustic signals. Call intensity was also the only signal feature that was positively correlated with male size. In the final chapter, I investigated female mate sampling strategies based on acoustic signals using both theoretical and empirical approaches. Analytical models of mate sampling have demonstrated significant differences in individual fitness returns for different sampling strategies. However these models have rarely incorporated relevant information on the ecology of signalers and the sensory physiology of receivers. I used simulation models to compare the costs and benefits of different mate sampling strategies by incorporating information on relative spacing of callers in natural choruses and the effect of signal intensity on female phonotaxis behaviour. The strategy of mating with males that were louder at the female position emerged as the optimal sampling rule in the simulations. When tested empirically in the field using callers in natural choruses, females seemed to follow the optimal strategy of mating with males that were perceived as louder at their position.

This diploma thesis compares the performance of bilinguals and of interpreting students in simultaneous interpreting. The compared data are from the experiment, within which we tested 3 bilinguals (without any or with little experience in simultaneous interpreting) and 3 trained students of the interpreting MA study programme. The data were collected in the language combination Czech - German. Part of this thesis are also two questionnaires. When comparing the interpreting performances (in form of transcripts of recordings), following interpreting strategies and factors were put emphasis on: salami technique (and related aspects), finishing sentences, hesitation sounds and interferences. This diploma thesis aims at illustrating the effects of the simultaneous interpreting training. The whole thesis is being run through by the question, whether the skill of simultaneous interpreting is an accompanying effect of bilingualism, or whether (and alternatively to what extent) this skill is derived from interpreting training. Keywords: interpreting, simultaneous interpreting, interpreting strategies, interpreting lessons, practice in interpreting, salami technique, finishing sentences, hesitation sounds, interferences, bilingualism, didactics, psycholinguistics

In this master thesis are presented design and testing processes of communication between elderly and single-purpose robot. At the beginning design and architecture of the system for testing are described. Communication understandability was checked in interviews with nineteen people. Other opinions on usability or affordability of automatic device, which is used for picking and lifting objects from the ground, are presented in this thesis. Results from questionnaires and measurements showed that working with the robot is pleasant and understandable. Even senior is able to learn effective communication with this device. The main finding is that even robot communicates through nonverbal sounds, is easy to understand it. Choosing of sound set has no influence on communication understandability.

This thesis deals with the possibility of using impedance cardiography for calculating cardiac output. Kubicek’s, Sramek‘s and Sramek-Bernstein‘s methods are discussed here. These methods were applied to a data set, obtained by measuring on subjects with implanted cardiostimulators. The subjects’ heart rate was being changed by the programing of cardiostimulators. Thanks to this procedure the measured data were not affected by artifacts, connected with the heart rate change caused by a body stress, or other influences. An influence of heart rate on a cardiac output value based on the statistical processing of the data set was studied.

Automated observation of avian vocal activity and species diversity can be a transformative tool for ornithologists, conservation biologists, and bird watchers to assist in long-term monitoring of critical environmental niches. Deep artificial neural networks have surpassed traditional classifiers in the field of visual recognition and acoustic event classification. Still, deep neural networks require expert knowledge to design, train, and test powerful models. With this constraint and the requirements of future applications in mind, an extensive research platform for automated avian activity monitoring was developed: BirdNET. The resulting benchmark system yields state-of-the-art scores across various acoustic domains and was used to develop expert tools and public demonstrators that can help to advance the democratization of scientific progress and future conservation efforts. / Die automatisierte Überwachung der Vogelstimmenaktivität und der Artenvielfalt kann ein revolutionäres Werkzeug für Ornithologen, Naturschützer und Vogelbeobachter sein, um bei der langfristigen Überwachung kritischer Umweltnischen zu helfen. Tiefe künstliche neuronale Netzwerke haben die traditionellen Klassifikatoren im Bereich der visuellen Erkennung und akustische Ereignisklassifizierung übertroffen. Dennoch erfordern tiefe neuronale Netze Expertenwissen, um leistungsstarke Modelle zu entwickeln, trainieren und testen. Mit dieser Einschränkung und unter Berücksichtigung der Anforderungen zukünftiger Anwendungen wurde eine umfangreiche Forschungsplattform zur automatisierten Überwachung der Vogelaktivität entwickelt: BirdNET. Das daraus resultierende Benchmark-System liefert state-of-the-art Ergebnisse in verschiedenen akustischen Bereichen und wurde verwendet, um Expertenwerkzeuge und öffentliche Demonstratoren zu entwickeln, die dazu beitragen können, die Demokratisierung des wissenschaftlichen Fortschritts und zukünftige Naturschutzbemühungen voranzutreiben.

Det finns olika variationer av vägledningshjälpmedel som hjälper spelaren att navigera sig i en 3D-omgivning. I denna kvalitativa studie kommer det undersökas hur spår, ljud och markeringar som vägledningshjälpmedel kan stödja en spelare i en 3D-labyrint. Genom att undersöka de tre vägledningshjälpmedlen skapades en prototyp där de tre vägledningshjälpmedlen separerades i tre olika labyrinter. Respondenterna som deltog i studien spelade igenom de tre labyrinterna med och utan vägledningshjälpmedel för att kunna undersöka hur de stödjer respondenterna under spelsessionen. Data samlades in med hjälp av stimulated recall metoden och semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Insamlad data analyserades med hjälp av Empirisk fenomenologisk psykologi (EPP) metoden. Resultatet som uppstod från analysen presenterade respondenternas individuella upplevelse samt de fyra övergripande teman som sammanställdes från data. Sammanfattningsvis indikerade resultaten att spåret var den optimalaste vägledningshjälpmedlet, däremot delade både ljud och markeringar samma egenskaper som vägledningsshjälpmedel. Dessutom bildade respondenterna spatialt minne med hjälp av unika landmärken, samt utgick respondenterna från egna vägledningsstrategier när de tre hjälpmedlen inte var tillgängliga. / There are different types of wayfinding aids that help the player navigate through a 3D environment. This qualitative study investigates how breadcrumb trails, sounds, and markers as wayfinding aids can support a player in a 3D maze. First, the researchers created a prototype to examine the three wayfinding aids and placed them into three different mazes. Then, the respondents who participated in the study played through those three mazes with and without wayfinding aids to investigate how they supported the respondents during the game session. Next, data were collected using the stimulated recall method and semi-structured interviews. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using the Empirical phenomenological psychology (EPP) method. The results that occurred from the analysis showed the respondent's individual experiences and the four overall themes that emerged from the data. In summary, the results indicated that breadcrumb trails were the most optimal wayfinding aid. However, both sound and markers shared the same characteristics as wayfinding aids. In addition, the respondents developed spatial memory with the help of unique landmarks and used other wayfinding strategies when the wayfinding aids were unavailable.