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The role of social work in the socio-economic development of Rwanda : a comparative sociological analysis of South Africa and RwandaKalinganire, Charles 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Nowadays, members of the global community from various arenas are committed to
promoting social development and removing the obstacles of all kinds of social ills that
have been undermining the quality of people's lives, such as: poverty, social conflicts,
HIV/AIDS, injustice and violence. Is this feasible? If yes, how can we proceed to the full
realisation of human development?
This study made a close examination of the case of Rwanda, and compared it with that of
South Africa, with which Rwanda shares various historical and psychosocial realities
such as colonisation, and the need for reconciliation and reinforcement of communal
solidarity in order to proceed with and hasten the development process. The orientation
of the study is centred on the hypothetical question: "Why and how can social work be
used as a means of addressing social problems and promoting social development in
Rwanda?"
The study, basically of a qualitative nature, constitutes both library and field-based
research. Accordingly, the literature and the empirical investigation were used as key
methods to realise the goals and objectives stated. In the empirical study, a triangulation
of data gathering techniques, namely interviews, focus group discussions and direct
observations, was given the primary emphasis. By this means, enriched information from
both South Africa and Rwanda permitted various insights into crucial socio-economic
challenges, social development agents, the preferred approaches for social development
and the working conditions of social workers. The latter conditions were usually
described as being very difficult and trying.
Overall, the research findings show that:
+ There is a serious need for social development both in South Africa and Rwanda in
order to respond to the legacies of their pasts - especially to the upheavals of apartheid
and the genocide respectively (i.e. poverty, mistrust, social disintegration) - as well as to
a range of other social ills such as HIV/AIDS, violence and unforeseen factors;
+ The developmental approach, well espoused by the South African government which
chose to incorporate it in national policies, particularly in the White Paper for Social
Welfare (1997), is the most suited to foster the attainment of social development;
• Social work, using community work as the preferred method, is amongst the key
professions at the forefront of the operationalisation of social development and hence, of
the promotion of improved social welfare conditions;
• Empowerment, particularly of vulnerable people, is a key to social change;
• Social work, while moving towards a developmental approach - as developmental
social work - needs to consolidate its position by contributing effectively to development
instead of continuing to focus on individual cases Itherapies.
• Introduction of social work training at the National University of Rwanda (NUR) is a
positive omen for the stimulation of social development in the country;
• There is a particular need to update the social work curriculum in Rwanda.
Lastly, specific recommendations are given. The main recommendation is that efforts to
conduct a comprehensive war against social problems be unified. In terms of social work,
it is important that social work professionals be given more consideration and more
stimulation. Conducive working conditions must be also created for them, especially at
local level. Social workers, in tum, have to stand their ground, and work in good
partnership with other professionals and social development agents for the good of all
people, with special focus on the disadvantaged.
For Rwanda in particular, it is recommended that a national welfare policy be set up
urgently to strengthen social work education at university, and that, in the process,
reference be made to experienced countries such as South Africa. In this regard,
educators must ensure that new graduates will effectively become catalysts for social
development. This requires a good fit of theory and practice during the training process.
Above all, it is advisable for Rwanda to promote community work practice through the
community development model. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sosiale ontwikkeling is 'n hedendaagse prioriteit by lede van die globale gemeenskap uit
verskeie gebiede. Hulle streef daarna om die struikelblokke van verskeie sosiale
wantoestande wat mense se lewensgehalte ondergrawe - bv. armoede, sosiale konflik,
MIVNIGS, ongeregtigheid en geweld - te verwyder. Is so-iets haalbaar? Indien ja, hoe
kan ons voortbeweeg na die volle verwesenlikking van menslike ontwikkeling?
Rwanda en Suid-Afrika het albei te kampe met historiese en sosiaal-psigiese realiteite
soos kolonialisme, 'n behoefte aan sosiale versoening en aan die versterking van
gemeenskapsolidariteit ten einde sosiale ontwikkeling te bevorder en versnel. Hierdie
studie sentreer om die vraag: "waarom en hoe kan sosiale probleme in Rwanda
aangepak en sosiale ontwikkeling bevorder word deur middel van maatskaplike
werk?"
Hierdie basies kwalitatiewe studie is op beide bronnestudie en veldwerk gegrond.
Gevolglik was die gebruik van beskikbare literatuur en empiriese navorsing die
sleutelmetodes om bg. doelwitte te bereik. Wat betref die empiriese studie is 'n
drievoudige tegniek gebruik, nl. onderhoude, fokusgroep-besprekings en direkte
waarnemmg. Verrykte inligting uit beide Suid-Afrika en Rwanda het dit dus moontlik
gemaak om verskeie insigte m.b.t. kemvraagstukke betreffende sosio-ekonomiese
uitdagings, sosiale ontwikkelingsagente, gewenste benaderings tot sosiale ontwikkeling
en die werksomstandighede van maatskaplike werkers - wat gewoonlik as erg moeilik en
uitputtend beskryf word - te bereik.
Oor die algemeen bewys die navorsingsresultate die volgende:
• Beide Suid-Afrika en Rwanda ondervind 'n ernstige behoefte aan sosiale ontwikkeling
om op die erfenis van hul verlede te reageer (veral die omwentelings van apartheid en
volksmoord, respektiewelik) - d.w.s. armoede, wantroue en sosiale verbrokkeling, en
daarby nog MIVNIGS, geweld en ander onvoorsiene faktore.
• Die ontwikkelingsentriese benadering word duidelik geïllustreer deur die Suid-
Afrikaanse regering, wat 'n nasionale beleid vanuit hierdie oogpunt aangepak het - soos
veral spreek uit die Witskrif vir Sosiale Ontwikkeling ["White Paper for Social
Development"] (1997). Hierdie is die mees gepaste benadering tot sosiale ontwikkeling.
• Maatskaplike werk (veral d.m.v. gemeenskapsinisiatiewe) is een van die sleutelberoepe
m.b.t. die operasionalisering van sosiale ontwikkeling en die gevolglike
verbetering van sosiale welsynstoestande;
• Bemagtiging, veral van kwesbare persone, is die sleutel tot sosiale transformasie;
• Maatskaplike werk behoort, terwyl dit na 'n ontwikkelingsentriese benadering (d.m.v.
maatskaplike ontwikkelingswerk) beweeg, breedweg tot sosiale ontwikkeling by te dra,
eerder as om op individuele gevalle ofterapieë te fokus;
• Die instelling van opleiding in maatskaplike werk by die Nasionale Universiteit van
Rwanda (NUR) is 'n goeie teken wat dui op sosiale ontwikkeling van hierdie land;
• Daar is veral 'n behoefte daaraan om die Rwandese kurrikulum vir maatskaplike werk
te moderniseer.
Laastens word spesifieke aanbevelings gemaak. Dit word veral aanbeveel dat
verskillende pogings om sosiale wantoestande aan te pak, saamgesnoer moet word. In
terme van maatskaplike werk is dit belangrik dat professionele maatskaplike werkers
meer aandag en aanmoediging behoort te kry. Daar moet ook aandag gegee word aan hul
werksomstandighede, veralop plaaslike vlak. Op hul beurt moet maatskaplike werkers
hulleself laat geld, in samewerking met ander beroepslui en bydraers tot sosiale
ontwikkeling - tot voordeel van alle burgers, en met 'n fokus op sosiaal-benadeelde
persone.
Vir Rwanda in die besonder word aanbeveel dat 'n nasionale welsynsbeleid dringend in
werking gestel word om universiteitsopleiding in maatskaplike werk te verstewig, na die
voorbeeld van lande soos Suid-Afrika wat ondervinding van so 'n proses het. In hierdie
verband moet opvoeders verseker dat nuwe graduandi effektiewe katalisators van sosiale
ontwikkeling sal wees. Om dit te bewerkstellig word goeie passing tussen teorie en
praktyk benodig. Dit is veral raadsaam dat maatskaplike werk in die praktyk deur die
gemeenskapsontwikkelingsmodel gerugsteun sal word.
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Residential change in Woodstock, Cape Town, prior to the repeal of the group areas act.Garside, Jayne Margaret January 1994 (has links)
A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Arts
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,
for the degree of Master of Arts / A neglected focus in South African urban geographical studies over
the last two decades has been the changes taking place in the inner
city. The objective in this study is to examine residential change
in one inner city suburb of Cape Town, namely Woodstock. The time
period for this investigation is the era of late apartheid prior to
the repeal of the Group Areas Act. The theoretical framework for
this dissertation is provided by international Iiterature on ethnic
segregation and the gentrification issue'. The majority of
research undertaken on gentrification has concerned the cities of
North America. Western Europe or Australia. With few exceptions,
gentrification has been little researched outside of the devaloped
world. The South African context therefore provides a developing
world setting for research on gentrification.
It is argued that between 1900 and 1980 the case study area of
Woodstock experienced considerable change in its residential
complexion. In particuIar, the ethnic composition of the suburb
shifted throughout the twentieth century with waves of new
immigrants to the suburb, including Jews from Eastern Europe and
the settIement of a Portuguese community from Madeira. These shifts
in the ethnic make-up of Woodstock reinforced the 'respectable',
working class character of this mixed race, inner city zone of Cape
Town. During the 1980s, however, a change in the class composition
of the area was triggered by the onset of processes of
gentrification. The advance of gentrification was taking place at
the same time as apartheid legislation, in the form of the Group
Areas Act, was posing a threat to the multi-racial character of the
suburb. The research documents the relationship between
gentrification and the community struggle mounted to retain the
multi-racial status of this inner city Area. It is shown from this
South African study that the 'gentrification issue' is of relevance
to research on developing world cities. / Andrew Chakane 2018
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Residential change in Woodstock, Cape Town, prior to the repeal of the group areas act.Garside, Jayne Margaret January 1994 (has links)
A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Arts
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,
for the degree of Master of Arts / A neglected focus in South African urban geographical studies over
the last two decades has been the changes taking place in the inner
city. The objective in this study is to examine residential change
in one inner city suburb of Cape Town, namely Woodstock. The time
period for this investigation is the era of late apartheid prior to
the repeal of the Group Areas Act. The theoretical framework for
this dissertation is provided by international Iiterature on ethnic
segregation and the gentrlflcatlon issue'. The majority of
research undertaken on gentrification has concerned the cities of
North America. Western Europe or Australia. With few exceptions,
gentrificatl. has been little researched outside of the devaloped
world. The South African context therefore provides a developing
world setting for research on gentrification.
is argued that between 1900 and 1980 the case study area of
Woodstock experienced considerable change in its residential
complexion. In particuIar, the ethnic composition of the suburb
shifted throughout the twentieth century with waves of new
immigrants to the suburb, including Jews from Eastern Europe and
the settIement of a Portuguese community from Madeira. These shifts
in the ethnic make-up of Woodstock reinforced the 'respectable',
working class character of this mixed race, inner city zone of Cape
Town. During the 1980s, however, a change in the class composition
of the area was triggered by the onset of processes of
gentrification. The advance of gentrification was taking place at
the same time as apartheid legislation, in the form of the Group
Areas Act, was posing a threat to the multi-racial character of the
suburb. The research documents the relationship between
gentrification and the community struggle mounted to retain the
multi-racial status of this inner city Area. It is shown from this
South African study that the 'gentrification issue' is of relevance
to research on developing world cities. / Andrew Chakane 2018
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The sex-trade hierarchy : the interplay of structure and agency in the decision-making processes of female, adolescent prostitutes in Cape Town, South AfricaDe Sas Kropiwnicki, Zosa January 2007 (has links)
No description available.
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Saron : 'n gemeenskapstudie van 'n sendingstasieVan der Merwe, Johanna Elizabeth 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M Social Work)--Stellenbosch University, 1952.
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Working memory : is it associated with socioeconomic status?Moolla, Azra 07 January 2013 (has links)
It is well known that crystallized measures of intelligence are highly susceptible to educational, resource, language and socio-economic influences, and that the implications of using these kinds of measures are manifold affecting school and university entrance as well as employment opportunities. In South Africa, wherein tests are regarded with suspicion as a consequence of test misuse during the Apartheid era, there is an urgent need for the development of measures which are resilient to these influences. In answer to this, working memory measures have been identified as possible measures which minimize these biases. Consequently the following study investigated whether working memory tests were less susceptible to socioeconomic influences than the more traditional, crystallized measures of vocabulary and non-verbal IQ in a volunteer sample of 60 grade one learners from schools identified as high and low in socioeconomic status. The results demonstrated that working memory measures were consistently less affected by socio-economic status as compared to the traditional vocabulary and non-verbal IQ measures. However, socioeconomic status and language were found to be so closely correlated that it is not clear whether test performance in the vocabulary measures, was related one or both of these variables. In light of the fact that this study was correlational in nature, it is recommended that future studies focus on limiting the impact of extraneous variables to better understand the impact of socioeconomic status on test performance. Furthermore future studies should test children in their home language to avoid language contamination effects.
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Promoting development and land reform on South African farmsHusy, Dave, Samson, Carolien January 1900 (has links)
The issue of social development for farm workers has always been a contentious one, primarily due to a history of development being one of repression and exploitation. Decades of exploitative control have left a social situation characterised by poverty and extreme inequality of power, between farmer and worker, black and white people, and between men and women. The legacy of this brutal past is not only to be found in the conditions under which farm workers now live, but rather the psychological and institutional barriers preventing their achievement of a better life though effectively utilising the opportunities available to them. Poverty and marginalisation is a formidable barrier to overcome in this environment. In becomes clear that any development programme aimed at providing farm workers with support in their struggle for a better life - the essence of “development” - will of necessity need to address these factors. The complexity of the farm situation, with its myriad of historical, social and economic problems, requires an innovative approach which represents a combination of, and compromise between, the priorities for farmers and those of workers, and mechanisms which promote broad based minimum standards as well as innovation and leverage for longer term benefit. The Land and Agricultural Bank of South Africa has initiated a number of products and programmes to promote development and land reform for farm workers. The intention of these is to stimulate farm based development through leveraging the various governmental development programmes and the commitment of landowners. In particular, Land Bank is to introduce a Social Discount Product to provide incentives for the Bank’s clients to implement development projects on their farms. This article explores some of the issues Land Bank has experienced in developing its products to promote farm based development, and specifically the Social Discount Product. It examines in "brief the current development context for farm workers, and in particular their conditions of life and work. It also reviews some of the current mitiatives to promote farm-based development by a variety of actors, governmental, private sector, and civil society. An outline of the Land Bank’s Social Discount Product and other programmes is then presented. Finally, issues and challenges are identified which are critical to the success of development and land reform for farm workers. The article contends that land reform for farm workers cannot be viewed separately from the broader process of development on farms. The reason for this is partly that land reform, or redistribution, will only affect a minimal number of farm workers, while the majority still seek improvement in their life conditions and opportunities. For this reason, it is important to identify the challenges to development on farms, and the spectrum of measures and interventions necessary for promoting overall development. / Paper presented at the SARPN conference on Land Reform and Poverty Alleviation in Southern Africa Pretoria
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How do young black women communicate about sexually related issues in their families?Mkhize, Lungie Prim-rose. January 2007 (has links)
As youth in South African are affected by HIV/AIDS, risk reduction research has higWighted
the needs of young people for information about sex, sexuality and risk. South African research
has looked at young people's sources of sex information and their preferred sources. This thesis
examines communication about sex with young people in their families as a protective factor in
risk resilience and general problem-solving skills. The study explores how young Zulu women
between the ages of 14-15 years understand communication about sex in their families, how and
with whom sex is talked about, and how the young women understand the cultural 'taboo' on
talking about sex in their families.
This study employs an interpretive thematic analysis in analysing semi-structured
interviews with eight rural district Zulu-speaking young women. The interview schedule drew
on themes related to mother-daughter communication about sex from an American study by
Brock and Jennings. The girls felt that there was minimal communication about sex within their
families, and this reflected negative verbal and non-verbal messages. The girls wished that their
biological parents could communicate with them about sexual issues freely and comfortably, as
they would like to do with their own children when they grow up. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2007.
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A study of Jewish identification and commitment in JohannesburgDubb, Allie A January 1973 (has links)
The present study is an investigation of the nature and extent of Jewish identification and commitment in the Johannesburg Jewish Community. Jewish identification is defined as the attitudes and behaviour through which Jews express their identity with each other and with the Jewish group. It is conceived as comprising several dimensions - structural, cultural, religious, etc . - each of which may be assessed in terms of attitudes and/or behaviour. The aim of the study is, in the first place to describe the various dimensions of Jewish identification and to discover relations between them, and between them and other variables. Fieldwork consisted in the administration of a schedule, lasting about an hour, by trained interviewers to a quota sample of Johannesburg Jews. The schedule comprised questions relating to behaviour, attitudes and personal particulars. These data were augmented by several intensive interviews and by interviewers' observations. The final sample consisted of 286 men and women, in almost equal proportions, who had answered affirmatively the initial question, "Are you Jewish?" Five hypotheses were postulated, mainly on the basis of the findings of several previous studies in the United States. Briefly, it was postulated: firstly, that Jews would tend to identify through their attitudes to a greater extent than through actual behaviour; secondly that the area in which identification on the behavioural level was most likely to be manifested, was in patterns of social relations; thirdly, that observance of religious rituals was primarily a manifestation of identification rather than religious commitment ; fourthly; that there was some conflict between the desire to maintain the group and the feeling that barriers between ethnic groups should be minimal; and, finally , that the boundaries of the .Jewish community could be defined most adequately in terms of the relevance to community membership to the allocation of roles rather than in cultural terms. The first hypothesis had to be partially rejected; the remaining four were confirmed by the data. The study comprises eleven Chapters: in the first four, the problem is defined, hypotheses stated and research and sampling methods discussed; in Chapter Five, the demographic background is described, and in Chapters Six to Ten the findings relating to the various dimensions are presented and the hypotheses tested. In the final Chapter, the hypotheses and various specific findings are discussed in relation to their wider theoretical implications, as well as to their possibilities for further research and practical applications.
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Family planning : an evaluative study on the attitudes and use of contraceptives by black males in UmtataMadikizela, Nosinodi Alicia January 1989 (has links)
The purpose of this study is to identify, observe and record the attitudes and use to of contraceptives by black males in Umtata and to investigate the effect of education, urbanisation and age on fertility control. Data was gathered from a sample of adult males who were past the school going age and were employed or working in Umtata and its surburbs, which are Ngangelizwe, Ikwezi, Southernwood, Northcrest, Norwood, Ncambedlana, Nduli Crescent, Fortgale and Hill Crest. Information was also gathered from Nursing officers in charge of family planning service centres in the areas mentioned above. Findings reveal that, although black urbanised educated males in Umtata seem to have accepted the use of contraceptives by themselves and their sexual partners, their patterns of behaviour in relation to fertility control and the value of children to families remains traditional. This contributes to the relatively high fertility rate in the country. Children are an investment for old age. They are also regarded as a security factor against divorce. It is the duty of legally married couples to raise a family with children who will continue to bear the family name. It appears that men are either suspicious of modern contraception if not totally opposed to it. Many still prefer the use of natural methods of contraception. There is thus need for social workers and health planners to recognise and educate males on the use and benefits of modern contraceptives to limit the number of children borne and control periods when they would like to have children. This study will be of value to social welfare services and to family planning nurses who are in direct contact with clients in hospitals and clinics, in their family planning campaigns, when they motivate couples and individuals on the importance of family planning, and also in mother-and-child health services. Educationists, sociologists, psychologists and persons in other fields of study will also benefit from information attained in this survey.
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