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Foreign direct investment and food security in South Africa: a spatial analysis at the local municipal levelDunstan, Cassandra January 2018 (has links)
A Research Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Master of Commerce in Economics in the School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand
2018 / The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and food security at the local municipal level in South Africa. This analysis is based on a cross sectional framework for 2016 and a panel framework over the period 2000 – 2016. Furthermore, the study utilized geospatial analysis. There is currently little to no literature deciphering the relationship between foreign direct investment and food security, in terms of the South African context. The contribution of this paper is to bridge the gap. The results show the importance of an equitable distribution of foreign direct investment, across various local municipalities in South Africa, as a means to alleviating hunger and food insecurity. More specifically, the paper has managed to highlight the fact that municipalities that receive a sufficient amount of foreign direct investment experience lower levels of hunger in comparison to the local municipalities that receive little to no foreign direct investment. / MT 2019
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Economic dependence and Malawi's foreign policy posture toward South AfricaSmith, Hevina N. January 1985 (has links)
No description available.
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An analysis of trade between South Africa and Thailand12 September 2012 (has links)
M. Comm. / The aim of this study was to analyse the trade between South Africa and Thailand. The relation between factor endowments and comparative advantage of the Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) theory as well as the alternative theory of the modern international trade theory were used in the analysis. The trade opportunities and the future trade prospectives of both countries were being presented according to the theory on international trade. The relation between factor endowments and comparative advantage of Thailand and South Africa were presented in the case of labour cost, labour productivity, skilled labour, economic indicators, natural resources as well as technology, research and development. The methodology of the study was based on statistics obtained from different sources in South Africa and in Thailand. These included information from The Royal Thai Embassy in Pretoria. The data were obtained from institution like the Bank of Thailand, the South African National Productivity Institute and the Central Statistic Service of South Africa. The comparative advantage of factor endowments according to the H-O theory and the alternative theory were used in the comparison of both Thailand and South Africa. The result of this comparison clearly points to the fact that Thailand has a comparative advantage in labour intensive manufactures and agricultural land intensive products, while South Africa has a comparative advantage in minerals and higher technology. It is true to state that according to the findings of this study, Thailand has the potential to export labour intensive manufactures and agricultural land intensive products such as garments, fabrics, footwear & parts, computer & parts, rice and natural rubber. South Africa has the potential to export minerals and high technology products (raw material products, mineral products, steel & iron, pipe & parts, chemical products) to Thailand. The study succeeds in confirming the relation between comparative advantage and factor endowments of the H-O theory and the alternative theory. It is also clear that future trade prospects of the two countries are based on comparative advantage and factor endowment. Furthermore, the trade opportunities identified will be beneficial to South African and Thai businessmen.
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'n Kostevergelyking tussen gesubsidieerde uitvoerkredietfinansiering, finansiële bruikhuur en afbetalingsverkoopooreenkomste as finansieringsmetodes vir die invoer van kapitaalgoedere en dienste15 April 2014 (has links)
M.Com. (Economic Management) / South Africa, as a developing country, has an enormous need for capital. Between 1980 to 1983, an amount of RBO billion was spent on fixed capital investment alone in this country. A large component of this investment originates from external sources and was financed by way of off-shore loans and other credit facilities. The developed countries, in order to promote their exports, have long realised that in addition to offering a competitive price and high quality product, competition also required that credit be made available to the importer. Presently the competition between the leading export countries result in the development of subsidised export credit schemes to promote the sale of industrial machinery and equipment. In cases where the fixed export finance rate is lower than market rates, Governments make up the difference between the export finance rate and commercial lending rates. Normally a fixed interest rate for the credit period is available in the exporter's currency. An important consideration when borrowing overseas, is the foreign currency exposure. With continuous fluctuations in the value of currencies the borrower is faced with a foreign exchange risk. This risk can be partially eliminated by hedging on the forward exchange market. In this study an analysis was made of the most important export credit schemes as well as the possible influence of forward exchange considerations. An importer has the option to also make use imported capital goods. Specific reference installment sale financing and financial leasing of local finance to pay for is made in this study to as methods of local financing. The purpose of this study was twofold: Firstly, an analysis of historic interest rate patterns pertaining to medium-term leasing and installment sale financing in South Africa and secondly a determination of the cost of export credit finance for the .same period was made. In this . way the study endeavored to determine whether, from the point of view of the cost of capital, it had been worthwhile to U8e export credit financing.
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'n Studie van Suid-Afrika se buitelandse skuldposisie09 February 2015 (has links)
M.Com. (Economics) / Please refer to full text to view abstract
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An applied general equilibrium assessment of the free trade agreement between South Africa and the European Union13 September 2012 (has links)
M.Comm. / This study will quantify the economic impact of the FTA negotiated between SA and the EU. Two simulations are undertaken. The first simulation focus on the bi-lateral elimination of import tariffs between SA and the EU on non-agricultural products (industrial products). The second simulation considers the bi-lateral elimination of import tariffs on non-agricultural and agricultural products between SA and the EU. The quantitative analysis can only handle a limited number of arguments of the FTA. Notably, financial assistance, development, and social and cultural co-operation are examples of issues that will not be dealt with in a quantitative manner in this study. The goal of this study is to undertake an empirical analysis of the free trade agreement (FTA) between South Africa (SA) and the European Union (EU) using an applied equilibrium model.
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Economic partnership agreements negotiations: understanding the responses of Nigeria and South AfricaNdlovu, Sabelo 28 October 2016 (has links)
The Post-colonial era trade relations between Europe and Africa, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP)
countries has been regulated by a number of economic cooperation agreements, namely the
Yaoundé, Lomé, and Cotonou Conventions to the current Economic Partnership Agreements
(EPAs) that had recently been concluded in the ECOWAS and SADC sub regions respectively.
The EPAs negotiations have been marred with challenges particularly in Africa; with many
countries having responded by not signing Interim EPAs and Nigeria has also stated they will not
be concluding the EPA. Nigeria and South Africa have responded to the current negotiations in
differing ways nonetheless their responses were somewhat similar. This study will attempt to
understand and systematically explain Nigeria’s and South Africa’s positions on the EPAs
negotiations process. In order to gain the understanding the study investigates whether EPAs
negotiations stalled due to the influence and/or responses of Nigeria and South Africa? The factors
involved in the negotiations that may explain the responses. What consequences the principle of
reciprocity has on the responses Nigeria and South Africa? This research is going to be desk
research using process tracing to systematically analyse the development of the negotiations
between the EC and ACP countries particular attention being afforded to Africa and the resulting
responses by Nigeria and South Africa. Some of the findings are that in the case of South Africa
the principle of reciprocity was not a major factor in shaping South Africa’s responses to the
negotiations, whereas the opposite holds true for Nigeria. Regional integration played a major part
in the case of Nigeria. / MT2016
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Trade patterns and strategies of South Africa and TurkeyOztabak, Ali Kemal January 2017 (has links)
A research report submitted to graduate School of Social Sciences of University of the Witwatersrand in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master International Relations in Department of International Relations University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
February 2017 / Manufacturing and International trade are key concept between advanced and developing
countries for growth. However, developing countries on the path of industrialization are
perceived to have a gloomy future regarding their trade patterns and strategies because these
countries are schizophrenic about the liberalization of the trade policy to protect their industry.
The purpose of this research report is to analyze this fogginess on the path of newly
industrialized countries by observing the similarities and differences between Turkey and South
Africa export patterns and strategies. The study covers South African and Turkey export
conducted only in 2015. Both countries’ patterns and strategies are analyzed with data based
descriptive statistic embodied by the author. We use various indexes from the literature and
develop some original indexes as our own contributions. We classified the export commodities
based on: (1) Natural Resource, (2) Low-Tech Manufacturing, (3) High-Tech Manufacturing. / MT2018
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Contending issues in South Africa's foreign policy : universalism versus economic national interest : the case of South Africa's arms sales to 'pariah states' 1994-1999Othieno, Timothy January 2005 (has links)
This study examines post-apartheid South African foreign policy under former President Nelson Mandela, and the apparent ambiguities that were its recurrent feature in the period from 1994 to 1999. Its focus is on the inherent irreconcilability of the economic national interests and the foreign policy principles which included the promotion of and respect for universalist principles and interests such as human rights, democracy, international peace and security. In examining South African foreign policy during this period, it would appear that the country was trapped between two competing priorities: the need to promote "universalist" principles and the need to satisfy its national economic interests. The main aim of the study is to explain how this "irreconcilability" between universalist principles and national economic interests would later create ambiguities and contradictions in South Africa's foreign policy, weaken respect for its foreign policy principles, and ultimately lead to ideological failure among politicians who employed 'short-term gain' policy decision-making in dealing with 'pariah states'. The study further demonstrates that "realist" national interests are frequently short-term, realizable and vital for a country, while universalist interests are long-term, idealistic and usually not easily realizable. It will be argued, therefore, that a country faced with making decisions about its vital national interests, will not make efforts to pursue long-term universalist interests if that choice would in any way endanger its fundamental national interests. In order to better assess this ambiguity, this thesis will provide a case study of Pretoria's arms sales to 'pariah states' during the period. The purpose of this study is not to attempt to explain all of the issues around post-apartheid foreign policymaking, or even to argue whether the sale of arms to 'pariah states' was 'politically incorrect', but to provide a 'piece of the puzzle' which might explain how the social and economic situation may have compelled Pretoria to sell arms when these actions disregarded universalist principles of foreign policy. The conclusion seems to confirm the realist view that universal values and principles can be regarded only when they are in harmony with a state's perceived self-interests.
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Managing China's entry into the South African automotive industryVan der Westhuyzen, Margaretha 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African automotive industry has enjoyed unsurpassed growth over the past 15
years and the majority of its successes are attributable to the efforts of the Motor Industry
Development Plan (MIDP). Unfortunately, the MIDP cannot be a permanent solution for
accelerating growth and the longevity of industry role players such as vehicles and
component manufacturers is of great concern.
The Chinese automotive industry on the other hand is booming and millions of vehicles are
churned out annually. Internal market forces, overproduction and government initiatives
compel Chinese manufacturers to cross the Chinese borders in search of alternative and
mostly less developed markets for their motor vehicles. These vehicles can now be found
in most African countries south of the Sahara, including various brands on the South
African roads.
South Africa's roads accommodate almost a hundred models against which the Chinese
vehicles need to compete. What is attractive about the Chinese vehicles is their price, but
unfortunately the vehicle quality is not up to standard yet. Chinese vehicles have however
improved so much over the past few years that it is expected they will soon be able to
compete with well-established local brands such as Toyota, Volkswagen, Honda, etc.
Although the price tag of these vehicles is increasing the mobility of the average South
African consumer, the effect it might have on the existing automotive market is uncertain as
the Chinese vehicle has already proven to gain market share in a declining economy. So
where the average consumer will benefit from the Chinese vehicle, the industry workforce
might not be so lucky. It is thus crucial for the industry to establish ways to create
international dependence on South Africa's automotive industry. The opportunities are
endless and various management approaches can be taken to leverage the industry's
shortfalls.
A serious shortfall is the global shortage of innovators and as South Africa is known as one
of the most innovative countries in the world, it could easily gear itself in supplying
innovating concepts and leading-edge technology to the global industry. To be able to do
so successfully requires a concerted effort of all role players in the local industry.
The local industry needs to expand its reach into the world to guarantee its longevity.
Possible ways of doing so are to increase the level of value-adding activities and so too the
exportation of value-adding components and fully built-up vehicles. By proving itself as a
value-adding strategic partner, the industry can attract additional global manufacturers to
invest in manufacturing facilities in South Africa, which does not exclude Chinese
manufacturers.
Last but not least, the South African government needs to develop a manageable
instrument with a single objective, which is to grow and sustain an internationally
competitive automotive industry in order to attract and keep global investors within the
industry and the country. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse motorindustrie het ongekende groei ervaar oor die afgelope 15 jaar
en die suksesse daarvan word grotendeels toegeskryf aan die Motor Industrie
Ontwikkelings Plan (MIDP). Ongelukkig kan die MIDP nie die permanente oplossing wees
om die groei van die industrie aan te hou stimuleer en versnel nie. Die toekomstige
lewensvatbaarheid van huidige spelers in die industrie wek egter groot kommer.
Die Chinese motorindustrie aan die ander kant bars uit sy nate en miljoene motors word
jaarliks vervaardig. So is dit ook dat interne markkragte, oorproduksie en regeringsinisiatiewe
Chinese motorvervaardigers dwing om oor hul grense heen te gaan op soek na
ander, minder ontwikkelde markte vir hul motors. Hierdie motors kan nou in meeste Afrika
lande suid van die Sahara gevind word en sluit in talle modelle op Suid-Afrikaanse paaie.
Die Suid-Afrikaanse paaie akkommodeer tans amper 'n honderd motormodelle teen wie
die Chinese motors sal moet kompeteer. Wat egter aantreklik is van hierdie motors is hul
prys, maar ongelukkig is die kwaliteit nog nie op standaard nie. Chinese motors het egter
oor die jare so verbeter dat dit verwag kan word dat hul binnekort met meer bekende make
soos Toyota, Volkswagen en Honda sal kan kompeteer.
Alhoewel die besonderse prys van die motors die mobiliteit van die gemiddelde Suid
Afrikaanse verbruiker verhoog, is die effek daarvan op die huidige motormark onseker
omdat Chinese motors alreeds bewys het dat hut markaandeel kan wen in 'n dalende
ekonomie. So waar die gemiddelde verbruiker mag bevoordeel word deur die Chinese
voertuig, kan die werkersmag in die huidige motorindustrie nie so gelukkig daaraantoe
wees nie. Dit is dus van kardinale belang dat die industrie maniere vestig om
internasionale afhanklikheid van Suid-Afrika se motorindustrie te kweek. Die geleenthede
is legio en talle invalshoeke kan geneem word om die industrie se tekortkominge te bestuur
en uit te balanseer.
'n Belangrike tekortkoming is die globale tekort aan innoveerders en omdat Suid-Afrika
gesien word as een van die mees innoverende lande ter wereld, kan die industrie maklik
voorberei word om innoverende konsepte en baanbrekerstegnologie aan die globale
industrie te verskaf. Om so iets suksesvol te doen het egter die gesamentlike insette nodig
van alle rolspelers in die Suid-Afrikaanse motorindustrie.
So ook het die industrie dit nodig om sy wereldwye impak te vergroot om sodoende sy
lewensvatbaarheid te vergroot. Moontlike maniere om dit te vermag is om die aantal
waardetoevoegende aktiwiteite te vergroot asook die uitvoere van waardetoevoegende
komponente en klaarvervaardigde voertuie. As die industrie hom self kan bewys as 'n
strategiese vennoot wat waarde toevoeg, kan die industrie addisionele internasionale
vervaardigers aantrek om te investeer in vervaardigingsfasiliteite in Suid-Afrika, wat
natuurlik nie Chinese vervaardigers uitsluit nie.
Ten laaste is dit nodig vir die Suid-Afrikaanse regering om 'n bestuursinstrument te
ontwikkel met een doel voor oe en dit is om die industrie se internasionale
kompeterendheid te bevorder en te behou sodat globale investeerders in die industrie en
Suid-Afrika in geheel kan investeer.
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