Exposure to thermal stress can negatively impact an animals' overall welfare, resulting in decreased body condition, lower reproductive success, and in severe cases, mortality. The swine industry has prioritized efficient production and as a result has gained rapid improvements in lean growth and increase litter sizes. Unfortunately, modern swine are unable to cope with the negative effects of heat stress. Thus, it is crucial to understand the preferred temperature of swine to create recommendations on when to initiate mitigation strategies to combat the negative effects of thermal stress. However, several different factors contribute to an animals' thermal comfort and thermal preference will differ based on age, reproductive stage, social context, early life thermal stress, and behavior. Thus, making it exceptionally difficult to classify an animal's thermal comfort zone. These studies aim to highlight how those factors influence thermal comfort in pigs and help guide recommendation polices for housing pigs in their preferred temperatures.<br>

Eighty-six crossbred (Duroc x Yorkshire) gilts were used in two trials (50 gilts in Trial 1 and 36 gilts in Trial 2) for an assessment of the effect of supplemental dietary fat during early gestation on fetal survival, fetal development, and fatty acid concentration in gilt plasma and fetal head and body. Three diets contained 4% (w/w) added fat either as coconut, soybean, or fish (menhaden) oils. A fourth diet was used as a control. On d 37 to 45 postbreeding, gilts were slaughtered and numerous fetal and ovarian measurements made. Two sets of four randomly selected fetuses per gilt from Trial 1 were prepared. Blood samples from each gilt were obtained on the day of slaughter for determination of the plasma fatty acid profile. Across both trials, percentage fetal survival did not differ according to treatment, but in Trial 2 fetal survival was higher (P < .06) for gilts fed fish oil, compared with the controls. The fatty acid profile of plasma of gilts and the conceptus tissues were similar; both were influenced by the fatty acid concentration of the diets. The ratio of n-3/n-6 fatty acids was higher in conceptus tissue than in maternal plasma and the ratio was higher (P < .05) for the fish oil diet compared with the other diets. The relatively high concentration of omega-3 fatty acids in fetal tissues supports the hypothesis that omega-3 fatty acids play a role in the development of the pig conceptus and contributes to improve fetal survival. However, the high percentage fetal survival observed in all the treatments may have masked benefits of supplemental oil. / Master of Science

<p>U intenzivnoj proizvodnji svinja, životinje su izložene brojnim stresogenima, koji smanjuju njihovu prirodnu otpornost na infektivne bolesti. Osim toga, primena klasičnih antimikrobnih preparata ima sve manji terapijski efekt, zbog povećanja rezistencije infektivnih agenasa na ove preparate. Sve ovo značajno povećava ekonomske gubitke u proizvodnji svinja. U poslednje vrme se, sve vi&scaron;e, koriste razni prirodni probiotici, za povećanje prirodnog imuniteta životinja i kao zamena za upotrebu klasičnih antimikrobnih preparata u animalnoj proizvodnji (stimulacija rasta tovnih životinja) i veterinarskoj medicini (profilaksa i terapija infektivnih bolesti). Zbog toga je cilj ove doktorske disertacije bio da se ustanovi da li ishrana gravidnih i krmača u laktaciji, obrocima sa dodatkom probiotskog preparata &quot;Actisaf Sc 47&quot;, koji sadrži živu kulturu kvasca Saccharomyces cerevisiae (proizvod Lesaffre Group, France), može smanjiti pojavu puerperalnih infektivnih obolenja materice i/ili vimena, smanjiti pojavu infektivne diareje i mortalitet prasadi tokom laktacije, povećati produktivne performanse prasadi do zalučenja i povećati reproduktivnu aktivnost krmača posle zalučenja. Drugi cilj istraživanja je bio da se ustanovi da li individualni peroralni tretman probioticima, samo novorođene prasadi, može smanjiti pojavu infektivne diareje i povećati produktivne parametre prasadi do zalučenja. U prvom delu disertacije su prikazane vrednosti reproduktivne performanse krmača u na&scaron;im proizvodnim uslovima na velikim vojvođanskim farmama svinja. Drugi deo je bio eksperimentalni i podeljen je udva odvojena istraživanja. U prvom delu je 120 krmača podeljeno u tri grupe, po 40 u svakoj: Prva grupa (G+P) je, tokom gravidnosti, hranjena standardnim koncentovanim obrokom sa dodatkom probiotskog preparata. Druga grupa (L+P) je ovakvim obrocima hranjena tokom laktacije. Treća grupa (K) bila je kontrolna i ove krmače su hranjene standardnim obrocima, ali bez dodatka probiotskog preparata. U drugom delu je ukupno 120 legala novorođene prasadi, podeljeno u dve grupe. Prva grupa (60 legala sa ukupno 572 živo rođene prasadi) je formirana od krmača koje nisu manifestovale kliničke znake puerperalnih obolenja materice i/ili vimena (grupa ZK). Druga grupa (60 legala sa ukupno 571 živo rođene prasadi) je formirana od bolesnih krmača (grupa BK). Krmače nisu tretirane probioticima. Neposredno po pra&scaron;enju, 283 prasadi (30 legala) od ZK krmača i 287 prasadi (30 legala) od BK krmača, individualno je tretirano peroralno probiotskim preparatima (One Shot, Coloron Forte Plus i Piggy Guard Forte Plus, proizvod firme &raquo;Hokovit&laquo;, Switzerland), koji povećavaju imunitet na zaraznu diareju, i stimuli&scaron;u rast i razvoj prasadi tokom laktacije. U kontrolnim grupama je bilo 30 legala (289 prasadi) od zdravih i 30 legala (284 prasadi) od bolesnih krmača. Ova prasad nisu bila tretirana peroralnim probioticima. Tokom laktacije, značajno (p&lt;0,01) manji broj krmača tretiranih probioticima (G+P=7,5%, L+P=12,5%), je imalo kliničke znake puerperalnih obolenja materice i/ili vimena, u odnosu na kontrolne krmače (22,5%). Broj legala sa infektivnom diarejom prasadi je bio značajno (p&lt;0,05) manji kod tretiranih (12,5%) u odnosu na kontrolne krmače (27,5%). Prosečan broj zalučene prasadi po leglu (z/p) i prosečna težina legla kod zalučenja (t/l) tretiranih krmača (G+P=11,6 z/p i 103,6 kg t/l, L+P=11,1 z/p i 102,8 kg t/l), bili su značajno veći (p&lt;0,01 ili p&lt;0,05) od ovih vrednosti u leglima kontrolnih krmača (K=10,0 z/p i 79,1kg t/l). Poređenjem rezultata peroralnog tretmana<br />iv<br />prasadi u leglima zdravih, sa netretiranim leglima bolesnih krmača pokazalo se da je: (a) uginuće prasadi u laktaciji smanjeno za 84% (p&lt;0,01), (b) prosečan broj zalučene prasadi po leglu je smanjen za 98% (p&lt;0,01), (c) prosečan dnevni prirat po prasetu je povećan ta 28% (p&lt;0,01) i (d) prosečna telesna masa praseta kod zalučenja je značajno (p&lt;0,01) povećana za 23,4% u tretiranim leglima zdravih krmača, u odnosu na netretirana legla bolesnih krmača. Dobijeni rezultati jasno pokazuju da primena probiotika značajno pobolj&scaron;ava zdravstveno stanje krmača po pra&scaron;enju, zdravstveno stanje njihove prasadi, kao i produktivne prametre legla (prosečan broj zalučene prasadi po leglu i prosečna težina legla kod zalučenja). Na ovaj način su postignuti ciljevi istraživanja i potvrđene radne hipoteze u ovoj disertaciji.</p> / <p>In the intensive pig production, the animals were exposed to various stressogens, which reduces their natural resistance to infectious diseases. In addition, the therapeutic effects of conventional antimicrobial preparations permanently decrease, due to the increasing resistance of infectious agents to these preparations. All this significantly increase the economic losses in pig production. In the recent years, various natural probiotics are using, to increase the natural animals immunity, as well as a substituents for using the traditional antimicrobial preparation in animal production (as a growth promoters of fattened animals) and veterinary medicine (prophylaxis and therapy of infectious diseases). Therefore, the aim of this dissertation was to determine whether feeding pregnant and lactating sows, with diets supplemented with probiotic preparations &quot;Actisaf Sc 47&quot;, containing live culture of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (product of Lesaffre Group, France), has an influence on the: (a) reducing the incidence of puerperal infectious diseases of the uterus and/or the udder, (b) reducing the incidence of infectious diarrhea and mortality of piglets during lactation, (c) increasing the productive performance of piglets within lactation, and (d) increasing the sows reproductive performance up to 45 days after weaning. The secon aim of investigation was to determine whether treatment only newborn piglets with peroral probiotics, can decrease incidence of infectious dirrhea and productive piglets parameters. In the first part of the thesis it was present the reproductive performance of sows in the production conditions on large pig farm in AP Vojvodina. The second part was divided on two separate experiments. In the first part, the total of 120 sows were divided into three groups (40 sows in each): The first group (G+P) were fed standard diets supplemented with probiotic preparation during pregnancy. The second group (L+P) were fed such diets during lactation. The third group (K) was the control and these sows were fed a standard diet, without the probiotic supplementation. In the second experiment, a total of 120 litters of newborn piglets, were divided into two groups. The first group (60 litters with a total of 572 live born piglets) was formed from the sows without clinical signs of puerperal diseases of the uterus and/or the udder (healthy sows, HS). The second group (60 litters with a total of 571 live born piglets) was formed from the sows with clinical signs of puerperal diseases of the uterus and/or the udder (sick sows, SS). Sows were not treated with probiotics. Immediately after farrowing, 283 piglets (30 litters) from the HS sows and 287 piglets (30 litters) from the SS sows, were individually peroral treated with probiotic preparations (One Shot, Colorona Forte Plus and Piggy Guard Forte Plus, products of &quot;Hokovit&quot;, Switzerland), which increase the newborn piglets immunity to infectious diarrhea, and stimulate the development and growth of piglets during lactation. In the control group there were 30 litters (289 piglets) from healthy and 30 litters (284 piglets) from sick sows. These piglets were not treated with oral probiotics. During the lactation period, a significant (p&lt;0.01) smaller proportion of probiotic treated sows (G+P=7.5%, L+P=12.5%) has manifested clinical signs of the uterus and/or the udder disease, as compared to the control sows (22.5%). The incidence of infectious diarrhea in the nursing piglets were significantly (p&lt;0.05) lower proportion of litters in the treated sows (12.5%), compared to the control sows (27.5 %). The average number of weaned piglets per litter (p/l) and average litter weight at weaning (l/w) in the treated sows (G+P=11.6 p/l and 103.6 kg l/w, L+P=11.1 p/l and 102.8 kg l/w,) were significantly higher (p&lt;0.01or p&lt;0.05) in sows treated with probiotics, compared to the control sows (C=10 p/l and 79.1 kg l/w). Comparing the results of peroral piglets treatment in the litters of healthy sows, and untreated piglets in the litters of sick sows showed that: (a) the piglets mortality during lactation was reduced by 84% (p&lt;0.01), (b) the average number of weaned piglets per litter was reduced by 98 % (p&lt;0.01), (c) the average daily gain per piglet was increased by 28% (p&lt;0.01), and (d) the average body weight of piglets at weaning was significantly (p&lt;0.01) increased by 23.4%, in the treated litters of healthy sows, as compared to the untreated litters of sick sows. These results clearly show that the use of probiotics significantly improve the health status of sows and nursing piglets, as well as the productive piglets parameters (weaned piglets per litter and litter weight at weaning). On this way, the research objectives have been achieved and the working hypothesis of this dissertation have been confirmed.</p>

No description available.

Der Mastitis-Metritis-Agalaktie-Komplex (MMAK) zählt in der Schweineproduktion zu den wichtigsten Puerperalerkrankungen der Sau. Es existieren verschiedene Prophylaxe- und Therapiekonzepte. Diese können jedoch nicht verhindern, dass es zu wirtschaftlichen Verlusten durch erhöhte Ferkelmortalität und herabgesetzte Fruchtbarkeitsleistung der Sauen kommt. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es zu ermitteln, wie sich der antioxidative und Stoffwechselstatus von Sauen eines Betriebes mit vermehrtem Auftreten vom MMAK im peripartalen Zeitraum verhält und ob Unterschiede zwischen gesunden und am MMAK erkrankten Sauen bestehen. Des Weiteren wurde geprüft, ob Unterschiede zwischen Jung- und Altsauen existieren und ob er antioxidative Status saisonalen Schwankungen unterliegt. Versuchsanordnung: Im Versuchszeitraum von September 2004 bis Oktober 2005 wurden insgesamt 67 zu Beginn der Untersuchung klinisch gesunden Sauen im peripartalen Zeitraum je vier Blutproben entnommen: (1.) eine Woche vor dem Abferkeln, (2.) 1. Tag nach der Abferkelung, (3.) 8. Tag nach der Abferkelung und (4.) 15. Tag nach der Abferkelung. Die Blutentnahme erfolgte jahreszeitlich gestaffelt. Es wurden die Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), die Antioxidant capacity of water soluble substances (ACW), die Aktivitäten der Superoxid-Dismutase (SOD), der Glutathion-Peroxidase (GPX), die Selen- und Vitamin E-Konzentration sowie ausgesuchte klinisch-chemische Parameter bestimmt. Parallel dazu wurden Futtermittelproben und eine Brunnenwasserprobe im Labor der Thüringer Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft untersucht. Die Beurteilung der Sauengesundheit erfolgte nach den Kriterien Fieber, vaginaler Ausfluss, Mastitis und/oder Agalaktie. Es wurde zwischen Jungsau (inklusive 2. Wurf) und Altsau (ab dem 3. Wurf) unterschieden. Ergebnisse: Die TEAC-Konzentration lag bei den am MMAK erkrankten Sauen eine Woche vor dem Abferkeln mit 196 (1. Quartil: 192; 3. Quartil: 224) µmol/l signifikant unter der Konzentration bei den gesunden Sauen mit 246 (192; 275) µmol/l. Bei der folgenden Messung am ersten Tag nach der Abferkelung kam es bei den am MMAK erkrankten Sauen zu einem signifikanten Anstieg der TEAC-Konzentration auf 239 (191; 268) µmol/l. Bei den gesunden Sauen unterlag die TEAC-Konzentration im Untersuchungszeitraum nicht signifikanten Schwankungen. Die ACW-Konzentration lag in fast 70 % der Proben unterhalb der Nachweisgrenze. Die SOD-Aktivität bei den am MMAK erkrankten Sauen lag eine Woche vor dem Abferkeln mit 2725 (2479; 2936) U/g Hb signifikant höher, als die Aktivität bei den gesunden Sauen mit 2366 (2158; 2663) U/g Hb. Bei den gesunden Sauen nahm die Aktivität der SOD bis zum achten Tag nach der Abferkelung signifikant zu und sank am 15. Tag nach der Abferkelung signifikant ab. Bei den am MMAK erkrankten Tieren unterlag die SOD-Aktivität von einer Woche vor dem Abferkeln bis zum achten Tag nach der Abferkelung nicht signifikanten Schwankungen, am 15. Tag nach der Abferkelung sank sie signifikant. Die GPX-Aktivität lag bei den am MMAK erkrankten Sauen eine Woche vor dem Abferkeln mit 267 (207; 298) U/g Hb signifikant niedriger als bei den gesunden Sauen mit 286 (255; 316) U/g Hb. Bei der anschließenden Untersuchung am ersten Tag nach der Abferkelung sank die GPX-Aktivität bei den am MMAK erkrankten Sauen auf 239 (178; 277) U/g Hb signifikant ab, im weiteren Untersuchungsverlauf blieb sie auf einem Niveau. Die Selenkonzentration stieg bei den gesunden und am MMAK erkrankten Sauen während der Untersuchung signifikant an. Die CK- und AST-Aktivitäten stiegen bei den am MMAK erkrankten Sauen am ersten Tag nach der Abferkelung signifikant an und näherten sich bei den folgenden Untersuchungen wieder der Ausgangsaktivität eine Woche vor der Abferkelung an. Der antioxidative Status von gesunden und am MMAK erkrankten Jung- und Altsauen zeigte signifikant höhere Selenkonzentrationen eine Woche vor dem Abferkeln bei den am MMAK erkrankten Altsauen im Vergleich zu den am MMAK erkrankten Jungsauen, sowie eine signifikant höhere TEAC-Konzentration am 15. Tag nach der Abferkelung bei dem am MMAK erkrankten Altsauen im Vergleich zu den an am MMAK erkrankten Jungsauen. Im jahreszeitlichen Vergleich lagen in erster Linie Parameter der September/Oktober Kontrolle signifikant erniedrigt vor. Wobei mit Ausnahme der Selenkonzentration diese signifikanten Unterschiede nicht während des gesamten Probenzeitraumes bestanden. Schlussfolgerungen: In dieser Untersuchung wurden die größten Unterschiede im antioxidativen Abwehrsystem zwischen den gesunden Sauen und am MMAK erkrankten Sauen eine Woche vor dem Abferkeln sowie am ersten Tag nach der Abferkelung festgestellt. Dies lässt vermuten, dass das antioxidative Abwehrsystem der kranken Sauen schon vor der Abferkelung stärkeren Belastungen ausgesetzt war als das der gesunden Sauen. Im Alters- und jahreszeitlichen Vergleich lagen vereinzelt signifikante Unterschiede im antioxidativen Status vor. / The mastitis, metritis, agalactia syndrome (MMAS) counts among the most prominent diseases of sows in pig breeding. Several prophylactic and therapeutic concepts exist but those cannot prevent economical losses due to an increased mortality of piglets and decreased fertility of sows. This examination aims at showing how the sows antioxidant and metabolic status in farms with increased cases of MMAS during the periparturient period behaves and whether differences between young and elder sows exist and whether the antioxidative status is liable to seasonal fluctuations. Test arrangement: During the period from september 2004 to october 2005, four blood samples of 67 peripartal sows which were clinically healthy at the examination’s outset were taken: (1.) one week before littering, (2.) one day after littering, (3.) 8 days after littering and (4.) 15 days after littering. Blood withdrawal occurred seasonally equated. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), antioxidant capacity of water-soluble substances (ACW), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) glutathione peroxidase (GPX), concentrations of selenium and vitamin E as well as assorted clinical and chemical parameters were analysed. In addition, feeding stuff and water sample were analysed in the laboratories of the Thüringer Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft. Appraisal of the sows’ health was based on the criteria fever, vaginal discharge, mastitis and/or agalactia. Young sows (including second litter) an elder sows (third litter and up) were distinguished. Results: Concentration of TEAC in sows afflicted with MMAS one week before littering was at 196 (1. quartile: 192; 3. quartile: 224) µmol/l significantly lower than the concentration in healthy sows at 246 (192; 275) µmol/l. The following measurement taken on the first day after littering showed a significant rise to 239 (191; 268) µmol/l in the concentration of TEAC in sows afflicted with MMAS. Healthy sows TEAC concentration showed no significant fluctuations for the duration of the examination. ACW concentration was below detection limit in almost 70 % of the samples. SOD activity one week before littering in sows afflicted with MMAS was significantly higher at 2725 (2479; 2936) U/g Hb than activity in healthy sows at 2366 (2158; 2663) U/g Hb. SOD activity in healthy sows decreased significantly until the 8 day after littering and decreased significantly on day 15 after littering. No significant fluctuations in SOD activity was detected in sows afflicted with MMAS during the period between one week before littering until 8 day after littering, 15 days after littering it decreased significantly. GPX activity was significantly lower in sows afflicted with MMAS than healthy sows one week before littering at 286 (255; 316) U/g Hb. Following examinations one day after littering showed that GPX activity in sows afflicted with MMAS sank significantly to 239 (178; 277) U/g Hb and held that level during the remainder of the examination period. The concentration of selenium rose significantly in healthy and afflicted sows during the examination. CK and AST activities rose significantly in afflicted sows one day after littering and went back to its basic value of one week before littering. The antioxidant status of healthy and afflicted young and elder sows showed significantly higher selenium concentrations a week before littering in elder sows afflicted with MMAS compared to afflicted younger sows, as well as a significantly higher TEAC concentration on day 15 after littering in elder sows afflicted with MMAS compared to younger afflicted sows. During seasonal comparison, parameters of the september/october group were significantly lower, although it must be considered that with exception of selenium concentrations those significant differences were not detected during the entire examination period. Conclusions: The largest differences in the antioxidant defence system between healthy sows and those afflicted with MMAS were detected on e week before and one day after littering. This leads to assumption that the antioxidant defence of afflicted sows was subjected to more stress before littering than that of healthy sows. Sporadic significant differences of the antioxidant status were detected in age and seasonal comparisons.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2002. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

O análogo de GnRH, Lecirelina (Gestran Plus®; ARSA S.R.L., Buenos Aires, Argentina), foi testado para habilidade de induzir e sincronizar a ovulação de porcas. As fêmeas foram uniformemente distribuídas após o desmame, em dois grupos de 56 fêmeas de acordo com a ordem de parto (OP) (2-6), intervalo desmame-estro (IDE) e escore corporal visual (ECV). O análogo de GnRH (25μg, 1mL) e a solução fisiológica (grupo controle) foram administrados no início do estro (quando detectado o primeiro reflexo de tolerância ao macho). A detecção do estro, assim como a ultrasonografia transcutânea foram realizados em intervalos de 8 horas. A duração do estro, no grupo controle e tratado, foram de 66,3 ± 1,3 h e de 61,3 ± 1,3 h (P=0,007), respectivamente. O intervalo entre o início do estro e a ovulação (IEO) foi de 44,3 ± 1,2 h e 39,9 ± 1,2 h (P=0,012) para o grupo controle e tratado, respectivamente. Até 40 h após o tratamento, 70,9% das fêmeas que receberam a Lecirelina ovularam enquanto somente 48,2% das fêmeas controle ovularam no mesmo período (P=0,01). Uma maior proporção das fêmeas hormonalmente tratadas tendeu (P=0,09) a ovular até 48 h após o tratamento (92,7%) comparado com as fêmeas do grupo controle (82,4%). O desempenho reprodutivo (taxa de parto, número de leitões nascidos totais, leitões nascidos vivos, natimortos e fetos mumificados) não foi afetado (P>0,05) pela indução da ovulação com Lecirelina. / The GnRH analog, Lecirelin (Gestran Plus®; ARSA S.R.L., Buenos Aires, Argentina), was tested for the ability to induce and synchronize ovulation in sows. Sows were uniformly allocated, after weaning, in two groups (n=56, each) according to parity (2-6), wean to estrus interval (WEI) and body condition score (BCS). GnRH analog (25μg, 1mL) and saline solution (control group) were injected at estrus onset (at first standing reflex). Estrus detection and transcutaneous real-time ultrasonography were performed each 8 h. Duration of estrus for control and treated groups was of 66.3 ± 1.3 h and 61.3 ± 1.3 h (P=0,007), respectively. Interval from estrus onset to ovulation (IEO) was of 44.3 ± 1.2 h and 39.9 ± 1.2 h (P=0,012) for the control and treated groups, respectively. Up to 40 h after treatment administration, 70.9% of Lecirelin sows had ovulated whereas 48.2% of control sows ovulated in the same period (P= 0.01). A large proportion of Lecirelin sows tended (P= 0.09) to ovulate up to 48 h after treatment (92.7%) compared to control sows (82.4%). Reproductive performance (farrowing rate, number of total piglets born, piglets born alive, stillborn piglets and mummified fetuses) was not affected (P>0.05) by induction of the ovulation with Lecirelin.

Aim of the thesis is to evaluate health in selected pig stock. Adherence to vaccination programs and good veterinary prevention principles, provision of appropriate stall, good care and feeding, piglets wean timing, selection of breeding animals, choosing of reliable personnel and other factors have great impact on health in pig stock. Considering above mentioned factors, the aim of the thesis was to asses health of sows, piglets and fattening pigs in chosen farm Ponědraž ltd. and asses influence of vaccination on production in time period 2010 to 2011. Further it was neccesary to asses observance of good hygiene praxis in enterprise, including using of hygiene loop by personnel and to find out, if the enterprise is equiped with systematic protection against infectious diseases. To evaluate stall by pig categories, animal welfare and positive influence on health and increase of pig production as a whole. Further to asses compliance with EU legislation. Aim of the thesis is to evaleuate new vaccination scheme against respirational diseases, it´s influence on increase of production and improving of healt in observed stock. In the end are all above mentioned requirements evaluated.

O análogo de GnRH, Lecirelina (Gestran Plus®; ARSA S.R.L., Buenos Aires, Argentina), foi testado para habilidade de induzir e sincronizar a ovulação de porcas. As fêmeas foram uniformemente distribuídas após o desmame, em dois grupos de 56 fêmeas de acordo com a ordem de parto (OP) (2-6), intervalo desmame-estro (IDE) e escore corporal visual (ECV). O análogo de GnRH (25μg, 1mL) e a solução fisiológica (grupo controle) foram administrados no início do estro (quando detectado o primeiro reflexo de tolerância ao macho). A detecção do estro, assim como a ultrasonografia transcutânea foram realizados em intervalos de 8 horas. A duração do estro, no grupo controle e tratado, foram de 66,3 ± 1,3 h e de 61,3 ± 1,3 h (P=0,007), respectivamente. O intervalo entre o início do estro e a ovulação (IEO) foi de 44,3 ± 1,2 h e 39,9 ± 1,2 h (P=0,012) para o grupo controle e tratado, respectivamente. Até 40 h após o tratamento, 70,9% das fêmeas que receberam a Lecirelina ovularam enquanto somente 48,2% das fêmeas controle ovularam no mesmo período (P=0,01). Uma maior proporção das fêmeas hormonalmente tratadas tendeu (P=0,09) a ovular até 48 h após o tratamento (92,7%) comparado com as fêmeas do grupo controle (82,4%). O desempenho reprodutivo (taxa de parto, número de leitões nascidos totais, leitões nascidos vivos, natimortos e fetos mumificados) não foi afetado (P>0,05) pela indução da ovulação com Lecirelina. / The GnRH analog, Lecirelin (Gestran Plus®; ARSA S.R.L., Buenos Aires, Argentina), was tested for the ability to induce and synchronize ovulation in sows. Sows were uniformly allocated, after weaning, in two groups (n=56, each) according to parity (2-6), wean to estrus interval (WEI) and body condition score (BCS). GnRH analog (25μg, 1mL) and saline solution (control group) were injected at estrus onset (at first standing reflex). Estrus detection and transcutaneous real-time ultrasonography were performed each 8 h. Duration of estrus for control and treated groups was of 66.3 ± 1.3 h and 61.3 ± 1.3 h (P=0,007), respectively. Interval from estrus onset to ovulation (IEO) was of 44.3 ± 1.2 h and 39.9 ± 1.2 h (P=0,012) for the control and treated groups, respectively. Up to 40 h after treatment administration, 70.9% of Lecirelin sows had ovulated whereas 48.2% of control sows ovulated in the same period (P= 0.01). A large proportion of Lecirelin sows tended (P= 0.09) to ovulate up to 48 h after treatment (92.7%) compared to control sows (82.4%). Reproductive performance (farrowing rate, number of total piglets born, piglets born alive, stillborn piglets and mummified fetuses) was not affected (P>0.05) by induction of the ovulation with Lecirelin.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:47:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 260808 bytes, checksum: 2d330596bdb4ed51fa6db5548e88da14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study was carried out to evaluate the aspects related with discarding of sows in swine commercial farms in the State of Minas Gerais. A total of 29,568 events such as breeding, calvings, abortions and estrus repetitions among others, in four farms (A, B, C and D) located in the State of Minas Gerais. The biennia 2008-2009 and 2010-2011, whose data were stored in database of the management program PigChamp ® were evaluated. The annual discarding rates were high, as totalizing 55.10, 40.63, 56.12 and 43.44% in the first biennium and 58.37; 37.15; 42.18 and 48.32% in the second biennium, on farms A, B, C and D, respectively. The highest discarding rate in both biennia on farms A, B and D refers to sows without evident problems and presenting good production indexes, as totalizing 39.02, 13.02 and 17.77% in the first biennium and 40.00, 7.95 and 16.09% discarded animals in the second biennium, respectively. However, this condition occupied the second prominence position in Farm C during the first biennium. During this biennium, it was distinguished the total low average of piglets born (15.5%), as being 11.4% discarding rate of sows without obvious problems. In the second biennium, however, several disposal causes were higher than the one found for matrices presenting no evident problems (4.22%), such as abortion (18.67%), vulvar discharge (13.56%) and injuries (12.44%). The anestrus was not highlighted as reason for disposal in both two biennia under evaluation. Thus, the rates for this condition were: 0 and 1.07% in farm A; 0.15% and 0.76 in B; 1.70 and 0.22% in C and 0.0 and 1.73% in farm D, for both biennia under evaluation, respectively. Moreover, the repetition of the estrus as cause for discarding presented variable rates, as depending on the farm under evaluation. So, the rates for this condition were 1.40 and 0.27%; 10.50 and 11.93%; 8.28% and 3.56; 4.56 and 7.96% on farms A, B, C and D, in both biennia, respectively. Besides the causes for discarding previously related, other ones with variable incidence were also found among farms, given that they are dependent on general and reproductive managements of each herd. In all farms under evaluation, there were records on discarding causes that were not according to animal real condition. It is concluded that the high discarding rate observed in sows could be reduced, as taking into account that animals with excellent productivity indexes and without obvious problems are discarded. It is also concluded that, sometimes, the true cause for discarding is not properly recorded, as taking into account that the results are not subsequently used for making decision concerning to possible management corrections in the farm and better use of the stock sows. / Objetivou-se avaliar aspectos relacionados ao descarte de matrizes em granjas comerciais de suínos em Minas Gerais. Foram analisados 29.568 eventos ocorridos como coberturas, parições, abortamentos e repetição de estros dentre outros, em quatro granjas (A, B, C e D) situadas no estado de Minas Gerais. Foram avaliados os biênios 2008-2009 e 2010-2011, cujos dados encontravam-se armazenados em bancos de dados do programa de gerenciamento Pigchamp®. As taxas de descartes anuais foram elevadas, perfazendo um total de 55,10; 40,63; 56,12 e 43,44% no primeiro e 58,37; 37,15; 42,18 e 48,32% no segundo biênio, nas granjas A, B, C e D, respectivamente. A maior taxa de descarte nos dois biênios nas granjas A, B e D foi de matrizes sem problemas evidentes e apresentando bons índices produtivos, totalizando 39,02; 13,02 e 17,77% no primeiro e 40,00; 7,95 e 16,09% dos animais descartados no segundo biênio, respectivamente. Entretanto, esta condição ocupou o segundo lugar de destaque na granja C durante o primeiro biênio. Neste biênio, destacou-se nesta granja a baixa média de nascidos totais (15,5%), sendo 11,4% a taxa de descarte de matrizes sem problemas evidentes. Já no segundo biênio, várias causas de descartes foram mais elevadas nesta granja do que a encontrada para matrizes sem problemas evidentes (4,22%), como o abortamento (18,67%), a descarga vulvar (13,56%) e ferimentos (12,44%). O anestro não teve destaque como causa de descarte nos dois biênios avaliados. Assim, as taxas encontradas para esta condição foram 0 e 1,07% na granja A; 0,15 e 0,76% na B; 1,70 e 0,22% na C e 0,0 e 1,73% na granja D, nos dois biênios avaliados, respectivamente. Por outro lado, a repetição de estro como causa de descarte apresentou taxas variáveis, dependendo da granja avaliada. Assim, as taxas encontradas para esta condição foram 1,40 e 0,27%; 10,50 e 11,93%; 8,28 e 3,56%; 4,56 e 7,96% nas granjas A, B, C e D, nos dois biênios avaliados, respectivamente. Além das causas de descartes anteriormente relacionadas, foram também encontradas outras com incidência variável entre as granjas, tendo em vista que são dependentes dos manejos reprodutivo e geral de cada rebanho. Verificou-se ainda, em todas as granjas avaliadas, registros de causas de descartes que não condiziam com a real condição do animal. Conclui-se que a elevada taxa de descarte observada em matrizes suínas poderia ser reduzida, tendo em vista que são descartados animais sem problemas evidentes e com excelentes índices de produtividade. Conclui-se ainda que a verdadeira causa de descarte algumas vezes não é corretamente registrada, tendo em vista que os resultados não são posteriormente utilizados para a tomada de decisões, visando efetuar possíveis correções de manejo na granja e um melhor aproveitamento das matrizes do plantel.