High external Pi could reduce the fold of induction of GmSOS1 and GmCNGC by salinity stress, while posses no effect on other gene candidates. The possible effects on the repression of GmSOS1 and GmCNGC by high external Pi were discussed according to the current understandings on their roles in the salt stress responses. / In this study, phenotypical, physiological, cellular and molecular investigations were carried out to delineate the interactive effects of salinity and external Pi in "Pi tolerant" soybeans. The ultimate goals are to provide essential scientific background for practicing soybean cultivation in saline lands and to explore the possibility to improve the salt tolerance together with P-deficiency tolerance of soybeans. / It was found that high external Pi could reduce the salt tolerance capability of 15 "Pi tolerant" soybean germplasms. Such detrimental effect was common among soybeans, regardless of the type (cultivated versus wild), the salt tolerant capability in optimum Pi level, and the sensitivity to Pi level (Pi tolerant versus Pi sensitive). / Salinity is a major abiotic stress significantly reducing crop yield. Moreover, high salinity in soil is usually accompanied with deficiency of available phosphorus (P). Supplementation of inorganic phosphate (Pi) could be an agricultural strategy to enhance crop production on saline lands. However, ionic components in soil often interact to each other to affect the final growth performance of plants. / Soybean is an important crop that is sensitive to both high salinity and P deficiency in soil. Based mainly on the studies using "Pi sensitive" soybean cultivars, physiological investigations concluded that high external Pi could reduce the salt tolerance via excessive accumulation of P and chloride in the foliar tissues. "Pi tolerant" and "Pi sensitive" are relative terms to describe the response of a soybean cultivar to 1.6mM Pi when grown in non-saline nutrient solutions. The "Pi sensitive" cultivars developed a reddish-brown discoloration on their leaves and exhibited retarded growth. By contrast, the "Pi tolerant" cultivars thrived under high Pi supplements. / The physiological mechanism underlining such interaction in "Pi tolerant" soybeans was distinct from that in "Pi sensitive" cultivars. At the in planta level, high level of external Pi external Pi diminished when de-rooted plants were used, suggesting that the root is the primary organ interacting with Pi in the growth medium. Two cell models, including soybean suspension cells and the tobacco Bright-Yellow-2 cell line, were also employed to study the effects of high external Pi at the cellular level. Consistent to the results using the whole plant, high external Pi uplifted cellular sodium ion uptake and reduced cell viability under salinity stress. / To identify the possible molecular targets of high external Pi, the expression of 12 gene candidates in roots of "Pi tolerant" soybean was investigated in response to NaCl stress supplemented with 0.2mM Pi or 2mM Pi. The putative functions of these gene candidates are involved in: (a) Na+ and/or K+ transportation (GmSOS1, GmNHX; GmGLR3, GmCNGC, GmNKCC and GmAKT1); (b) regulation of ion homeostasis (GmSAL1, GmCIPK1 and GmSCA1); and (c) energetic system for the operation of ion transporters (GmAHA1, GmVHA-C and GmVP1). / Phang, Tsui Hung. / "June 2008." / Adviser: Lam Hon Ming. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-03, Section: B, page: 1525. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 132-157). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Severe malnutrition in children is unacceptable. Rising malnutrition and household food insecurity are common. The problems of hunger and malnutrition in Nigeria are more severe than before. It has been estimated that the percentage of Nigerian households that are food insured was 40% in 1998 increasing from 18% in 1986. Malnutrition is widespread and its prevalence is high. ,The incidence of malnutrition has increased as a result of economic hardships facing the country. It is the children who suffer most. Their energy needs are never met and they remain hungry and wasted. UNICEF, 1998, published the number of malnourished under-five Nigerian children between 1990-1997 as 48% underweight, 9% wasted and 43% stunted. Families are unable to provide animal protein for the growing needs of the children. The use of soybean to augment meals lacking in animal protein is becoming popular. The Kersey Nutrition Rehabilitation Centre (KNRC) uses soybean as its mainstay in the rehabilitation of malnourished children. Reduction of soybean's high concentratioI1S of phytic acid will greatly enhance the crop's nutritional value, especially zinc and iron whose supplementation in the malnourished has greatly improved the management and achieved better weight gain. Up to now, the malnourished children in the world wait for deliverance from their burden. It is hoped that fermented soy supplements will reach out to these children more than ever.

Orientador: Leonardo Theodoro Büll / Coorientador: Angelica Cristina Fernandes Deus / Banca: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes / Banca: Laís Lorena Queiroz Moreira / Resumo: A acidez do solo é considerada um dos principais fatores que limitam a produção agrícola, devido a baixa disponibilidade de nutrientes e toxidez por alumínio, capaz de reduzir o potencial produtivo das culturas. Os silicatos usados na correção da acidez do solo têm mostrado resultados promissores para a agricultura. Objetivou se avaliar as alterações químicas ao longo do perfil do solo, desenvolvimento e produtividades da cultura da soja (Glycine Max L. "Merr") e o rendimento de matéria seca da aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb) em função da aplicação superficial de silicatos na correção da acidez do solo. Este experimento vem sendo conduzido há sete anos, em delineamento com blocos casualizados e parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas foram distribuídas inicialmente pelas formas de aplicação dos corretivos: aplicação com incorporação por meio de enxada rotativa e aplicação em superfície; e na subparcela têm se os corretivos da acidez do solo: escória de aciaria, escória de forno de panela, agrosilício, wollastonita, calcário agrícola e calcário agrícola calcinado; além de uma testemunha sem aplicação dos corretivos, com quatro repetições. O presente estudo foi conduzido de março de 2017 a abril de 2018, com reaplicação dos corretivos em março de 2017, de forma superficial. As doses dos corretivos foram calculadas com base na saturação por bases do solo para elevar a 70%. Em quase todos os casos a forma de aplicação não influenciou a ação dos corretivos sobre a correção da acide... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Soil acidity is considered one of the main factors limiting agricultural production, due to the low availability of nutrients and aluminum toxicity, which reduces the productive potential of the crops. The objective was to evaluate the chemical changes along the soil profile, development and yield of the soybean crop (Glycine Max L. "Merr") and the dry matter yield of black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb) as a function of the superficial application of silicates in soil acidity correction. This experiment has been conducted for seven years, in a randomized block design and subdivided plots. The plots were initially distributed by the application of the correctives: application with incorporation by rotary hoe and surface application; and in the subplot have corrected soil acidity: steel slag, ladle furnace slag, agrosilicon, wollastonite, agricultural limestone and calcined agricultural limestone; besides a control, with four replications. The present study was conducted from March 2017 to April 2018, with reapplication of correctives in March 2017, superficially. The corrective doses were calculated based on the base saturation of the soil to raise to 70%. In almost all cases the application form did not influence the action of the correctives on the correction of soil acidity. The correctives were efficient in increasing the alkalinization front in the soil profile, with emphasis on wollastonite, agrosilicon and agricultural limestone. The values of P, K, SB, base saturation, pH and Si increased with the application of the silicates, however did not show significant interference in the production of dry mass of black oats, but for soybean, these additions were essential to increase productivity of grains reaching 7.0 Mg.ha-1 with the application of steel slag, not statistically differing from agrosilicon and wollastonite ... / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:41:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 miguel_dp_dr_arafcf.pdf: 550018 bytes, checksum: 253df34d8ed9dba72685e94d0dcec852 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Esse estudo teve por objetivo o desenvolvimento de amostras de sorvete de “iogurte” simbiótico à base de extratos aquoso de soja e de yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) fermentado com Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1014. O L. acidophilus CRL 1014 foi caracterizado quanto à resistência ao pH e à sais biliares. Foram processadas formulações com diferentes proporções do extrato aquoso de yacon em substituição parcial ao extrato de soja, as quais foram submetidas à avaliações sensoriais para a definição da melhor combinação entre os extratos analisados. Também foi realizada a contagem de células viáveis do microrganismo em estudo na formulação selecionada. No processamento das amostras de “iogurte” foi verificado que quanto maior a quantidade de yacon presente nas diferentes formulações maior o tempo necessário para se atingir o pH estabelecido de 4,3, embora esse tempo tenha variado somente de 7,5 a 9,5 horas, exceto, para a formulação constituída somente por extrato de yacon, que ultrapassou o período de 10,5 horas sem ter o seu pH reduzido. A partir dos resultados obtidos nos testes sensoriais foi constatado que a formulação de “iogurte” contendo 100% de extrato de soja (sem extrato de yacon) obteve as maiores médias em termos absolutos para todos os atributos avaliados não diferindo da formulação com 75% de extrato de soja e 25% de extrato de yacon, sendo esta a selecionada para a etapa subseqüente deste estudo, uma vez que a formulação 1 não se caracteriza como sendo um produto simbiótico. A formulação 4 (iogurte com 25% de extrato de soja e 75% de extrato de yacon) foi a amostra que apresentou as menores médias em termos absolutos para todos os atributos avaliados. A contagem de células viáveis L. acidophilus CRL 1014 obtida para o “iogurte” simbiótico... / This study aimed to develop samples of symbiotic frozen yogurt with soybean and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1014. The L. acidophilus CRL 1014 was characterized for resistance to pH and bile salts. Formulations were processed with different proportion soybean water extract by adding yacon water extract, which were subjected to sensory evaluation to determine the best combination of the extract analyzed. The viable cells were counted in the formulation selected. In the processing of samples of yogurt was found that the higher concentration of yacon extract present in the different formulations increased the time required for the samples to reach the preset pH, although this time has varied only from 7.5 to 9.5 hours, except for the formulation consists of only yacon extract, which exceeded the period of 10.5 hours without having its pH reduced. From the results obtained in the sensory tests it was showed that the formulation of yogurt containing 100% of soy extract (no yacon extract) had the highest average in absolute terms for all sensory attributes and there was no significant difference between the formulation with 75% soy extract and 25% of yacon extract, this being selected as a basis for this study, since the formulation 1 is not characterized as a synbiotic product. Formulation 4 (yogurt with 25% of soy extract and 75% of yacon extract was a sample showing the lowest means in absolute terms for all attributes. The viability of L. acidophilus CRL 1014 obtained for the synbiotic yogurt 1.8 x 109 were above the recommended level from 106 to 107 CFU / mL, thus satisfying the criteria established for probiotic foods. From the tests of resistance to acidic conditions and to bile salts, it was found that L. acidophilus CRL 1014, despite having a time delay, was able to grow... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Marcelo de Almeida Silva / Banca: Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral da Silva / Banca: Gil Miguel Sousa Câmara / Resumo: Dentre os fatores que asseguram bom desempenho para a cultura da soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) está a utilização de sementes de alta qualidade, capazes de proporcionar adequado estabelecimento e desenvolvimento inicial da cultura no campo. Diante das grandes vantagens que as aplicações de bioestimulantes podem proporcionar faz-se necessário aprofundar os estudos sobre sua atuação e alterações fisiológicas na soja, principalmente em situações em que algum estresse ambiental, como o hídrico, possa intervir na germinação e emergência das plantas. Foi conduzido um experimento em casa de vegetação para determinar a influência do tratamento de sementes com bioestimulantes e sua interação com inseticida e fungicida em caracteres biométricos, nutricionais e na atividade bioquímica de enzimas antioxidantes, sob o desenvolvimento inicial de soja, em condições de deficiência hídrica. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi o delineamento de blocos casualizados com oito tratamentos: testemunha; e os produtos Biozyme®, Yaravita Raiz® e Nitrostarter + Phylgreen gemma® isoladamente e em combinação a Imidacloprido e a Carboxina + Tiram, aplicados em tratamento de sementes, com a indução ou não de deficiência hídrica, com três repetições. Para as avaliações em casa de vegetação foram consideradas as variáveis porcentagem de germinação, velocidade de emergência, comprimento de raiz e parte aérea, peso de massa fresca e massa seca de raiz e parte aérea, aos 14 e 21 DAA (Dias após a aplicação). E... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Orientador: Regiane Cristina Oliveira de Freitas Bueno / Coorientador: William Wyatt Hoback / Banca: Carlos Gilberto Raetano / Banca: Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima / Banca: Pedro Takao Yamamoto / Banca: Cristiane Müller / Resumo: As plantas, por estarem constantemente expostas a diversos tipos de estresses, podem ser influenciadas pelo meio onde são cultivadas, resultando em alterações no desenvolvimento e metabolismo, e que, consequentemente, poderão influenciar em mudanças nas interações insetos-praga. Neste sentido, objetivou-se com esse estudo, avaliar as relações entre plantas de soja submetidas a estresses causados por arranjos de semeadura e aumento de temperatura, e as consequência desses fatores na interação insetos-praga que ocorrem na cultura. Para isso foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro experimento foram estudados, durante dois anos agrícolas consecutivos, os arranjos de semeadura: convencional 40 cm, reduzido 20 cm, fileira dupla 20 × 40 cm, e fileira dupla 20 × 60 cm; e diferentes populações de plantas: 320.000, 427.000 e 537.000 plantas ha-1. Foram avaliados nesse experimento a ocorrência de percevejos-praga durante todo o ciclo da cultura, os danos causados por percevejos/grão, três enzimas oxidativas e a produtividade. No segundo ensaio foi avaliado, em plantas de soja Bt e não Bt, o efeito de diferentes temperaturas nos parâmetros fisiológicos, na expressão do gene da proteína catalase e nos danos causados por Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, [1858]) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Plusiinae). Em ambos experimentos foi verificado a influência do estresse nas plantas de soja por fatores bióticos e abióticos, com alteração nos parâmetros fisiológicos e na atividade das enzimas. No... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Plants, because they are constantly exposed to different types of stresses, can be influenced by the environment where they grow, resulting in changes in development and metabolism, and, consequently, may influence changes in insect-pest interactions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between soybean plants submitted to stresses caused by planting arrangements and temperature increase, and the consequences of these factors on the insect-pest interaction that occur in the crop. For that two experiments were performed. In the first experiment, during two consecutive agricultural years were studied planting arrangements: conventional 40 cm, reduced 20 cm, double row 20 × 40 cm, and double row 20 × 60 cm; And different plant populations: 320,000, 427,000 and 537,000 ha-1 plants. In this experiment was evaluated the occurrence stink bugs during the whole crop cycle, the damage caused by stink bugs/ grain, three oxidative enzymes and productivity. In the second experiment was evaluated, on Bt and non-Bt soybean plants, the effect of different temperatures on physiological parameters, protein catalase gene expression and damage caused by Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, [1858]) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Plusiinae). In both experiments, the influence of stress on soybean plants was verified by biotic and abiotic factors, with changes in physiological parameters and enzyme activity. In the first experiment during the first agricultural year the plants in ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

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Quizalofop-p-ethyl is a herbicide introduced in the mid 1980's with apparent low toxicity and is readily degradable.Quizalofop-p-ethyl is a member of the aryloxyphenoxypropionate group of herbicides and is a postemergence herbicide used for pulses (including soybean) and vegetables. The aim of the project discussed in this study is to develop an analytical method for the sensitive and reliable determination of quizalofop-p-ethyl and quizalofop acid in soybean using HPLC. Soybean is chosen as a typical agricultural crop. It has 15 to 20 percent oil content and is a crop which has been successfully used with theis herbicide.Two different methods of extraction, i.e. the solvent-solvent extraction method and solid phase extraction method, and clean up are discussed in some detail. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)