A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. / Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition characterized by upper airway obstruction during sleep causing intermittent hypoxia and nighttime awakening. It is a common condition in the United States that is often undiagnosed. It is a significant risk factor for decreased daytime productivity, quality of life, cardiovascular disease, and death. The current gold standard for diagnosis of OSA is laboratory‐based polysomnography (PSG). While PSG is necessary for the diagnosis and monitoring of OSA, many patients have limited access to PSG due to wait times at PSG laboratories or economic or geographic limitations. Portable sleep monitoring has been studied as a possible solution for patients who do not have access to timely PSG. This study aimed to use the Zephyr BioHarness 3, a chest‐worn physical activity monitor that records movement and physiologic data in real‐time, to detect apnea events in patients with suspected OSA undergoing single‐night laboratory PSG. Twenty patients underwent single‐night laboratory‐based PSG while simultaneously wearing the Zephyr BioHarness 3. The Zephyr BioHarness 3 data was analyzed using three methods. First, apnea events were identified in 10‐second windows of Zephyr data via support vector machine, logistic regression, and neural network (sensitivity = 76.0 ± 0.3%, specificity = 62.7 ± 0.2%, accuracy = 63.7 ± 0.1%). Second, apnea events were identified using the mean, median, and variance of the 10‐second windows (sensitivity = 72.3 ± 0.3%, specificity = 69.4 ± 0.1%), accuracy 69.6 ± 0.1%). Third, apnea events were identified using phase‐space transformation of the Zephyr BioHarness 3 data (sensitivity = 76.9 ± 0.3%, specificity = 77.9 ± 0.1 %, accuracy = 77.9 ± 0.1%). The Zephyr BioHarness shows initial promise as a possible OSA screening tool for patients suspected of OSA but who lack access to timely laboratory‐based PSG.

Esta dissertaÃÃo apresenta uma reflexÃo sobre o processo de transformaÃÃo das residÃncias de vilegiatura marÃtima em residÃncias permanentes no litoral de Caucaia tendo como estudo de caso a praia do Icaraà O processo de transmutaÃÃo no espaÃo litorÃneo à regido pelos fatores de transformaÃÃo econÃmico e social da RMF A praia do Icaraà por se configurar em Ãrea de ocupaÃÃo densa de domicÃlios e prÃxima da zona oeste de Fortaleza configura-se numa localidade propÃcia para moradia permanente Utilizamos na investigaÃÃo a aplicaÃÃo de questionÃrios em 51 condomÃnios e 36 casas no Icaraà No primeiro os questionÃrios foram aplicados nos sÃndicos e porteiros dos imÃveis e no segundo diretamente aos moradores Foram realizadas tambÃm anÃlises nos resultados do Censo DemogrÃfico do IBGE 2010 e pesquisas no banco de dados do Jornal O Povo Esta pesquisa revela um aumento de apartamentos e casas ocupadas por moradores nos Ãltimos dez anos resultado da expansÃo urbana para o litoral de Caucaia e da aÃÃo do mercado imobiliÃrio que passa a investir em moradias Alguns fatores ajudam a dinamizar esse crescente setor no Icaraà como: melhoramentos de vias de acesso e transportes rodoviÃrios; a presenÃa de um setor comercial ativo na localidade; queda nos preÃos dos terrenos e dos imÃveis ocasionadas pelos processos erosivos da praia; implantaÃÃo do Porto do PecÃm; e principalmente incentivos para financiamento de imÃveis atravÃs do programa federal de habitaÃÃo â Minha Casa Minha Vida / This dissertation shows careful consideration about the process of transformation of the residences used as second homes or beach houses into permanent residences in the coast of Caucaia having as study case beach of Icaraà The process of transmutation in the coastal area is conducted by economical and social transformation factors of RMF Being in a dense occupation housing area and near the west zone of Fortaleza beach of Icaraà is an appropriate location for permanent residence In the investigation we applied questionnaires in 51 condominiums and 36 houses in Icaraà At first the questionnaires were applied to care-takers and porters and at the second directly to the residents Analysis on the results of the 2010 IBGEâs demographic census and research on âO Povoâ newspaper data bank were also carried out This research reveals an increase on the occupation rate of houses and apartments in the last 10 years This was a consequence of urban expansion to the coast of Caucaia and real estate market actions and investments in housing Some factors helped boosting this crescent sector in Icaraà such as: improvement on access roads and transportation; the presence of an active commercial sector in the location; decrease on prices of land and properties caused by the erosion processes at the beach; PecÃm port creation; and mainly incentives for financing property buying through the federal housing program â Minha Casa Minha vida

Le concept de l'optique de transformation qui permet de contrôler le trajet des ondes électromagnétiques à volonté en appliquant une variation spatiale judicieusement définie dans les paramètres constitutifs, est exploré pour concevoir des nouveaux types d'antennes et de dispositifs micro-ondes. Dans une première partie, basée sur la transformation de coordonnées, un dispositif d'illusion capable de modifier l'apparence d'une émission électromagnétique et de la délocaliser, est validé par le biais de simulations numériques. Un dispositif de transition de guide d'ondes, permettant d'assurer une transmission quasi totale entre deux guides d'ondes de sections transversales différentes est également conçu et validé expérimentalement par l'utilisation des résonateurs à métamatériaux. Dans une seconde partie, la transformation de l'espace basée sur l'équation de Laplace est étudiée pour concevoir des lentilles pour les applications antennaires. Une lentille de focalisation capable de restaurer les émissions en phase d'un réseau conforme d'éléments rayonnants et une lentille à dépointage qui permet de dévier la direction du faisceau rayonné d'une antenne sont conçues. Des prototypes fabriqués à partir d'un matériau isotrope tout-diélectrique grâce à la technologie d'impression en trois dimensions (3D) permettent de valider expérimentalement la fonctionnalité des lentilles sur une large bande de fréquence. / The concept of transformation optics which can control electromagnetic waves at will by applying a judiciously defined spatial variation in the constitutive parameters is explored to design novel type antennas and microwave devices. In a first part, based on coordinate transformation, an illusion device able to modify the appearance of an electromagnetic emission and then delocalize it is validated through numerical simulations. A waveguide tapering device allowing to assure quasi-total transmission between two waveguides of different cross-sections is also designed and validated experimentally through the use of metamaterial resonators. In a second part, space transformation based on Laplace's equation is studied to design lenses for antenna applications. A beam focusing lens able to restore in-phase emissions from a conformal array of radiators and a beam steering lens that allows deflecting the radiated bema of an antenna are designed. Prototypes fabricated by an all-dielectric isotropic material through three-dimensional (3D) polyjet printing technology allow to experimentally validate the functionality of the lenses on a wide frequency range.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 甲第20485号 / 地博第204号 / 新制||地||73(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科東南アジア地域研究専攻 / (主査)准教授 甲山 治, 教授 水野 広祐, 准教授 小坂 康之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

Groups of starlings can form impressive shapes as they travel northward together in the springtime. This is among a group of natural phenomena based on swarm behaviour. The research field of artificial intelligence in computer science, particularly the areas of robotics and image processing, has in recent decades given increasing attention to the underlying structures. The behaviour of these intelligent swarms has opened new approaches for face detection as well. G. Beni and J. Wang coined the term “swarm intelligence” to describe this type of group behaviour. In this context, intelligence describes the ability to solve complex problems. The objective of this project is to automatically find exactly one face on a photo or video material by means of swarm intelligence. The process developed for this purpose consists of a combination of various known structures, which are then adapted to the task of face detection. To illustrate the result, a 3D hat shape is placed on top of the face using an example application program.

Currently, one lives a reality where the economic issue has great importance. Facing this, the geographical space, a product of socio-economic changes over time, can serve as an important focus of research in what refer to such trends. In this context, it is found Minas do Camaquã, at the municipality of Caçapava do Sul, in Rio Grande do Sul, an assembly of working towns formed over 130 years of copper exploitation, as object of study, which purpose is to attempt to understand the spatial changes throughout the process of copper extraction and the future trends for this space. The methodology of the research starts up from a dialectic vision, where in the beginning was researched the history of the site survey in order to study the different special conformations along the copper production. Later, we tried to understand the dynamics of space during and after the activity of mining through interviews and skilled application of questionnaires, verifying as well the probable trends space for the coming years. From 1942, the Brazilian Copper Company - CBC came to extract copper in the region. From this moment on, the local landscape would include a structure formed by an urban industrial area and a set of seven towns in addition to clubs, squares, hospitals and others. After 50 years, the depth of copper reserves combined with low prices and Brazilian policy of privatization, were the reasons that prompted the closing activities in 1996. From this moment on, all the mining structure was abandoned. From about 5000 residents, remained around 400. Whole towns have been shut down. Buildings were demolished. After 12 years form the closing of activities, one can verify that there are some ideas being worked on, but still far from solve the needs of the city. Successive municipal governments and their neglect with the local make today from Minas do Camaquã, a post-industrial space which peculiarities keep resemblance to many degraded areas, like railway cities shut deactivated and former military bases, in what refer to the underprivileged position within the production process. The mining return face of the current studies of the geology of the region and tourist activity because of the beautiful scenery of this region, come as opportunities to develop the local economy. / Atualmente, vive-se uma realidade onde a questão econômica possui grande importância. Diante disto, o espaço geográfico, produto das transformações sócio-econômicas ao longo do tempo, pode servir de importante foco de pesquisa no que confere a tais tendências. Neste contexto, apresenta-se as Minas do Camaquã, no município de Caçapava do Sul, no Rio Grande do Sul, um conjunto de vilas operárias formadas ao longo de 130 anos de exploração de cobre, como objeto de estudo, cujo objetivo se é a tentativa do entendimento das transformações espaciais ao longo do processo de extração de cobre verificando-se ainda as tendências futuras para este espaço. A metodologia de pesquisa parte de uma visão dialética, onde inicialmente realizou-se o levantamento da história do local a fim de se estudar as diferentes conformações espaciais ao longo da produção de cobre. Posteriormente, buscou-se através de entrevistas qualificadas e aplicação de questionários o entendimento da dinâmica espacial durante e após o término da atividade de mineração, verificando-se ainda as prováveis tendências espaciais para os próximos anos. A partir de 1942, a Companhia Brasileira do cobre - CBC passou a extrair cobre nesta região. Deste momento em diante, a paisagem local passaria a comportar uma estrutura urbana formada por uma área industrial e um conjunto de sete vilas além de clubes, praças, hospitais entre outros. Após 50 anos, a profundidade das reservas de cobre, aliada aos baixos preços do minério e a política brasileira de privatizações, foram os motivos que levaram o encerramento das atividades no ano de 1996. Deste momento em diante, toda a estrutura dos tempos de mineração foi abandonada. De aproximadamente 5000 moradores, restaram cerca de 400. Vilas inteiras foram desativadas. Prédios foram demolidos. Após 12 anos do término das atividades, pode-se verificar que existem algumas idéias sendo trabalhadas, porém ainda muito longe de sanar as necessidades da localidade. Sucessivos governos municipais e seu descaso com o local fazem hoje das Minas do Camaquã, um espaço pós-industrial cujas especificidades guardam semelhanças a muitas áreas degradadas, como cidades ferroviárias desativadas e antigas bases militares, no que confere à posição desprivilegiada dentro do processo produtivo. A volta da mineração diante dos atuais estudos da geologia da região e a atividade turística devido as belas paisagens desta região, surgem como possibilidades de dinamizar a economia local.

La communauté des métamatériaux est entrée en effervescence depuis la publication de deux articles de Science en 2006 par Pendry et Leonhardt dans lesquels il est proposé de réaliser des systèmes exotiques tels que les capes d’invisibilité par transformation d’espace. En effet, l’invariance de forme des équations de Maxwell permet une équivalence entre géométrie déformée et présence d’un matériau aux propriétés particulières. Depuis, de nombreux exemples expérimentaux ont montré la faisabilité de tels systèmes transformés. L’invariance de forme se retrouve également dans d’autres phénomènes physiques et les transformations d’espace ont par ailleurs été appliquées à plusieurs disciplines telles que l’acoustique, l’élasto-dynamique ou la propagation d’ondes de surface. Nous présentons ici les transformations d’espace appliquées à l’équation de la chaleur. Au cours de notre étude, nous nous intéressons aux transformations menant aux capes d’invisibilité thermiques et aux concentrateurs thermiques. Ces systèmes sont constitués de matériaux anisotropes et hétérogènes ce qui les rend difficile à réaliser. Nous utilisons donc la théorie de l’homogénéisation à deux échelles qui permet d’approcher le comportement de ces systèmes par une alternance de couches de matériaux isotropes. Nous suivons une démarche systématique d’évaluation quantitative des performances de nos systèmes approchés dans une optique d’une ingénierie à haut niveau de métamatériaux thermiques. Un modèle de tapis thermique à 50 couches est proposé dont les résultats expérimentaux sont attendus. / The metamaterials community has been heavily excited since the publication of two articles by Pendry and Leonhardt in 2006 in which exotic devices such as invisibility cloaks are proposed to be implemented by space transformation. Indeed, the form invariance of the Maxwell equations allow for an equivalence between a deformed geometry and a material with specific properties. Since then, several experimental studies have shown the feasibility of such transformed devices. The form invariance is also found in other physical domains such and the space transformations were applied to mulitphyscial phenomena such acoustic wave propagation, elasto-dynamic wave and surface wave propagation. We present in this work the space transformation applied to the heat equation. Throughout our study, we focus on the transformations leading to thermal invisibility cloaks and thermal concentrators. Those transformed devices are made of anisotropic heterogeneous materials which make them difficult to practically design. Therefore, we make use of the two-scale homogenization theory allowing to approach the behavior of those devices with an alternate set of isotropic materials. We systematically try to evaluate quantitatively the performance of our approximate devices by defining an effectiveness criterion to achieve high level of mthermal metamaterials engineering. We present a the end a model of a 50-layer carpet cloak whose first results are to be expected.

O problema da descontinuidade semântica tem sido um dos principais focos de pesquisa no desenvolvimento de sistemas de recuperação de imagens baseada em conteúdo (CBIR). Neste contexto, as pesquisas mais promissoras focam principalmente na inferência de pesos de características contínuos e na seleção de características. Entretanto, os processos tradicionais de inferência de pesos contínuos são computacionalmente caros e a seleção de características equivale a uma ponderação binária. Visando tratar adequadamente o problema de lacuna semântica, este trabalho propõe dois métodos de transformação de espaço de características métricos baseados na inferência de funções de transformação por meio de algoritmo genético. O método WF infere funções de ponderação para ajustar a função de dissimilaridade e o método TF infere funções para transformação das características. Comparados às abordagens de inferência de pesos contínuos da literatura, ambos os métodos propostos proporcionam uma redução drástica do espaço de busca ao limitar a busca à escolha de um conjunto ordenado de funções de transformação. Análises visuais do espaço transformado e de gráficos de precisão vs. revocação confirmam que TF e WF superam a abordagem tradicional de ponderação de características. Adicionalmente, foi verificado que TF supera significativamente WF em termos de precisão dos resultados de consultas por similaridade por permitir transformação não lineares no espaço de característica, conforme constatado por análise visual. / The semantic gap problem has been a major focus of research in the development of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems. In this context, the most promising research focus primarily on the inference of continuous feature weights and feature selection. However, the traditional processes of continuous feature weighting are computationally expensive and feature selection is equivalent to a binary weighting. Aiming at alleviating the semantic gap problem, this master dissertation proposes two methods for the transformation of metric feature spaces based on the inference of transformation functions using Genetic Algorithms. The WF method infers weighting functions and the TF method infers transformation functions for the features. Compared to the existing methods, both proposed methods provide a drastic searching space reduction by limiting the search to the choice of an ordered set of transformation functions. Visual analysis of the transformed space and precision. vs. recall graphics confirm that both TF and WF outperform the traditional feature eighting methods. Additionally, we found that TF method significantly outperforms WF regarding the query similarity accuracy by performing non linear feature space transformation, as found in the visual analysis.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:17:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4592271 bytes, checksum: 2f997ca805e138c93a3c1a0359d9410a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Tourism is, nowadays, an activity that generates millions in hard currency. This study sought to examine tourism not as an economic activity, but as a social, political and economic phenomenon. The municipality of Conde, located on the southern coast of Paraíba state, is a place of lush natural beauty that attract tourists from several locations. Therefore, this study aimed to discuss about the tourism potential of Conde and see how this activity has interfered with the production/processing of space and local development. For this, a matrix of tourism potential of receptive locations was applied, as well as interviews with tourists, hotels and food establishments and official agencies. During the study, despite a wide variety of attractions, it was noticed these attractions not attract, for the most part, a stream of international tourists, but its main target are the local and regional tourists. Through opinion of the visitors tourists of Conde, how is the basic infrastructure the municipality that serves not only to tourists, but the entire local community could be evaluated. The study also demonstrated a devaluation of the use of tourism as a development engine for the local community in support of growth of external agents, which have an undercover speech of improvements to the location, but no more than great entrepreneurs who bring, at the most part, negative impacts, especially with the practice of allotments and buildings in areas of environmental preservation, such as the Environmental Protection Area of Tambaba. The local government has privileged the construction of horizontal condominiums owned by business of owners of other locations, leaving the inhabitants who still have tourism as a source of income, the rest of the local population and tourists which do not stay at big resorts, without basic urban infrastructure, i.e., a policy based on the priority of a minority of high economic power at the expense of the majority of low-income. / O turismo representa, na atualidade, uma atividade que gera milhões em divisas. Nesse estudo analisamos o turismo não somente enquanto atividade econômica, mas, também, como fenômeno social, político e cultural. O município do Conde, localizado no litoral sul do estado da Paraíba, é um lugar de belezas naturais exuberantes que atraem turistas de inúmeras localidades. Diante disso, neste estudo visamos discorrer acerca do potencial turístico do Conde e verificar como essa atividade tem interferido na produção/transformação do espaço e no desenvolvimento local. Para tanto, foi aplicada uma matriz de potencial turístico de localidades receptoras, bem como entrevistas a turistas, estabelecimentos hoteleiros e alimentícios e órgãos oficiais. Durante o estudo percebemos que, apesar de uma grande variedade de atrativos, estes não atraem, em sua maioria, uma corrente de turistas internacionais, mas que seu principal alvo são os turistas local e regionais. Por meio da opinião dos turistas frequentadores do Conde, pudemos avaliar como se encontra a infraestrutura básica do município, que atende não só aos turistas, mas toda a comunidade local. Foi comprovada, também, uma desvalorização do uso do turismo como mecanismo de desenvolvimento para a comunidade local em prol do crescimento de agentes externos, que possuem um discurso disfarçado de melhorias para a localidade, mas não passam de grandes empreendedores que trazem, na maior parte, impactos negativos, principalmente com a prática de loteamentos e construções em áreas de preservação ambiental, como a APA de Tambaba. O poder público local tem privilegiado a construção de condomínios horizontais pertencentes a empresas de proprietários de outras localidades, deixando os habitantes que ainda têm o turismo como fonte de renda, todo o restante da população local e os turistas que não se hospedam em grandes resorts, sem infraestrutura urbana básica, ou seja, uma política baseada na prioridade de uma minoria de alto poder econômico em detrimento da maioria de baixa renda. Palavras-chave: Conde-PB. Potencial turístico. Transformação do espaço. Desenvolvimento local.

O problema da descontinuidade semântica tem sido um dos principais focos de pesquisa no desenvolvimento de sistemas de recuperação de imagens baseada em conteúdo (CBIR). Neste contexto, as pesquisas mais promissoras focam principalmente na inferência de pesos de características contínuos e na seleção de características. Entretanto, os processos tradicionais de inferência de pesos contínuos são computacionalmente caros e a seleção de características equivale a uma ponderação binária. Visando tratar adequadamente o problema de lacuna semântica, este trabalho propõe dois métodos de transformação de espaço de características métricos baseados na inferência de funções de transformação por meio de algoritmo genético. O método WF infere funções de ponderação para ajustar a função de dissimilaridade e o método TF infere funções para transformação das características. Comparados às abordagens de inferência de pesos contínuos da literatura, ambos os métodos propostos proporcionam uma redução drástica do espaço de busca ao limitar a busca à escolha de um conjunto ordenado de funções de transformação. Análises visuais do espaço transformado e de gráficos de precisão vs. revocação confirmam que TF e WF superam a abordagem tradicional de ponderação de características. Adicionalmente, foi verificado que TF supera significativamente WF em termos de precisão dos resultados de consultas por similaridade por permitir transformação não lineares no espaço de característica, conforme constatado por análise visual. / The semantic gap problem has been a major focus of research in the development of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems. In this context, the most promising research focus primarily on the inference of continuous feature weights and feature selection. However, the traditional processes of continuous feature weighting are computationally expensive and feature selection is equivalent to a binary weighting. Aiming at alleviating the semantic gap problem, this master dissertation proposes two methods for the transformation of metric feature spaces based on the inference of transformation functions using Genetic Algorithms. The WF method infers weighting functions and the TF method infers transformation functions for the features. Compared to the existing methods, both proposed methods provide a drastic searching space reduction by limiting the search to the choice of an ordered set of transformation functions. Visual analysis of the transformed space and precision. vs. recall graphics confirm that both TF and WF outperform the traditional feature eighting methods. Additionally, we found that TF method significantly outperforms WF regarding the query similarity accuracy by performing non linear feature space transformation, as found in the visual analysis.