A study of reproduction and spawning habits of the bluegill in a particular lake must include adequate samples for each period of the year. This will make it possible to determine the number of eggs in each spawn and the frequency of spawning. The number of spawns and average egg production for various sized fish shows the pattern of activity and makes possible further basic research.

The migration and production of indigenous populations of brown, brook, and cutthroat trouts in Spawn Creek, Cache County, Utah, were studied in 1973 and 1974 to elucidate the role of this stream vis- a - vis the rest of the watershed . Spawn Creek and its watershed were described climatically, hydrologically , geologically , vegetatively, recreationally, and chemically. The prevalent, aquatic taxa of fauna and flora were also listed. The equipment and techniques used in the study t o collec t data, including a two-way fish trap and electro- fishing gear, were delineated . The collected data consisted of periodic estimates of mean weight and density stratified by year classes . These year classes were separated by length-frequency histograms, the length of individuals of known age , and the determination of age via counts of annuli on scales. This last method of aging was adjusted for the failure of cutthroat trout to form an annulus in their first year of life . The estimates of density were obtained through a modified form of the two-catch removal estimator. This estimator was designed to correct the estimates for emigration from the sampled area between the two sampling efforts . The biases in several unmodified multi-catch removal e , · imators vis- a-vis the populations of trout in Spawn Creek were discussed relative to the different , individual sizes of several year classes. Mathematical models to describe t he time-dependent growth and density were constructed from the von Bertalanffy equation and the equation of depensatory mortality, respectively, by adding trigonometric components to each. The added constraints imposed by these components were discussed for models of both growth and dens ity . These models were fitted to the appropriate , periodic estimates of growth and density to provide functions of these states vis-a-vis time. The calculation of production for each year class consisted of differentiating the appropriate model of growth, multiplying the resultant differential equation by the appropriate model of density , and integrating the product for various interval s of time. A numerical routine for integration was used when the solution of the integral of the aforementioned product was unattainable in closed form . The basic alogarithm of this routine was discussed. The periodic estimates f rom the data showed that several year classes such as the 1971 year class of cutthroat trout and the 1970 and 1971 year classes of brook trout, were numerically dominant in 1973 but not in 1974. When most of t he individuals in the last two year classes died via senescence in 1974 , the density and productive capacity of the brook trout population declined. This decline was a result of the failure of this taxa to produce new dominant year classes in 1973 and 1974. The periodic estimates from the data also showed that growth was similar in 1973 and 1974 except for the 0+ age group. The brown and cutthroat trout s of this age grew less in 1974 while the brook trout grew more. Immigration occurred seasonally with the adult cutthroat trout migrating in the spring, and the juvenile cutthroat and brown trout ~ ~oving in the fall. No precedent for the fall emmigration of cutthroat juveniles was found in the literature. Emigration was a random affair save for the 0+ age group of cutthroat trout. Migration of brook trout was ~ot significant. Production was greater in the growing season of 1973 than in 1974 for all species . During the year of trap operation only the 1974 year class of cutthroat trout and the 1970 year class of brown trout showed an increase in produced biomass. The failure of the brook trout to produce new dominant year classes was discussed and was attributed to the evacuation of beaver in Spawn Creek and the subsequent dilapidation of their ponds. The underestimation of the production of the 1974 year class of cutthroat trout and the probable causes for said error were discussed. The net emigration of juvenile cutthroat trout and the loss of produced biomass were tied together as a partial cause and effect. The failure of the net immigration of cutthroat trout adults to enhance the productive capacity of these year classes in this stream was attribut ed to reproductive activity and subsequent mortality of these individuals. This relationship along with the predominant emigration of cut throat juveniles showed Spawn Creek vis - a-vis this species to be primarily a vehicle to enhance the reproduction of migrants exclusive to any other activity by this species. The relationship among migration , production, and reproduction of brown trout appeared as described above for t he cutthroat trout , however, the small density of the population of this t rout prevented any firm illation.

Over the past two centuries, anadromous alewife populations have drastically declined due to damming, inadequate fish passage, overfishing in the ocean and freshwater, climate change, and reduction in habitat quality. Alewife populations are currently assessed by counting adult fish as they migrate upstream, but little is known about resulting juvenile production within lakes. Lack of knowledge of freshwater life history characteristics of juvenile alewife limits our understanding of overall productivity. For this thesis, I fill existing information gaps by (1) characterizing the timing of adult alewife migrations and subsequent spawning (Chapter 2), and (2) assessing juvenile alewife density, size, growth, and mortality within lakes, and abiotic factors influencing these estimates across lakes (Chapter 3). Twenty lakes across coastal Massachusetts were sampled for juvenile alewife and water quality in summer 2014. Each lake was sampled three times: Round 1 (29 May to 15 June), Round 2 (26 June to 16 July), and Round 3 (27 July to 15 August). Analyses of instream adult counts and otolith-based estimates of spawning date from captured juveniles showed a distinct delay (7-28 d) between the beginning of the adult migration run and spawning, and spawning continued 13-48 days after adults stopped migrating. These findings further corroborate recent discoveries that suggest alewife exhibit asynchronous spawning and has large implications for freshwater foodwebs. Lakes, overall, did not produce the same sized fish and there appears to be substantial variations of length-at-age with some lakes exhibiting large differences. No change in length-at-age occurred in August, thus differences were achieved earlier in the growing season. Additionally, all 20 lakes exhibited variable growth, density, and mortality rates that yielded generally weak relationships with abiotic and biotic factors. Juvenile alewife density was positively related to juvenile density in the previous sampling Round, suggesting that a single sampling date may be sufficient to estimate relative lake density across the landscape. Factors affecting growth were not consistent; overall growth was positively correlated with DOC, while the last 20 days of growth was negatively correlated with secchi depth. While different, these responses are likely the result of the same mechanisms, both intrinsically linked with zooplankton abundance, prey availability, and feeding behavior within lakes. No significant correlate was found for mortality. In the future, the data in this thesis can be incorporated into models to improve stock assessments and support timely adaptive management strategies.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-21T16:01:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ronaldo Barradas Peregrino Junior.pdf: 4722999 bytes, checksum: 1eee4688f73c6baee7c2fd8cf17981f6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-21T16:01:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ronaldo Barradas Peregrino Junior.pdf: 4722999 bytes, checksum: 1eee4688f73c6baee7c2fd8cf17981f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-28 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) is a neritic and epipelagic fish that presents an active behavior due to the lack of gas bladder. It is naturally found in tropical and subtropical waters of every ocean, except the eastern Pacific. Due to its high growth rate, good commercial value and fine quality meat, it has a great potential for farming. With this in mind, the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), in association with Aqualider Maricultura Ltda., initiated a joint research effort aiming to form a breeding stock based on the capture of wild specimen. Fish were placed in tanks with constant water renewal and/or pure oxygen, and transported to the laboratory (70 km away). Upon arrival at the lab, fish were anesthetized with clove oil (15 to 20 ppm), tagged and their sex was determined through the insertion of a 1 mm cannula. Fish were also bathed in a formaldehyde solution (100 ppt for 30 min) and freshwater (maximum 5 min) against external parasites. Twenty nine fish were captured, from which only seven survived. Deaths were more frequent at the beginning of the study. As tanks were covered and the team acquired more experience, especially in the acclimation procedures and treatment of parasites, a substantial decreased in deaths resulted. Although at the end of the acclimation process the number of breeders was reduced to seven (two females with mean weight of 14-16 kg, four males with around 10 kg each and a specimen with unknown sex), these animals produced 21 fertilized spawns, which resulted in a total of 48.7 million eggs, from which 24 million were fertilized (mean fertilization of 49.3%). Compared to similar attempts to breed wild cobia in captivity, the present results may be considered excellent. It was therefore demonstrated the viability of the methodology employed here in the formation and management of a cobia breeding stock. / O beijupirá (Rachycentron canadum) é um peixe nerítico e epipelágico, de hábito ativo, devido à ausência de bexiga natatória, e com ampla distribuição em águas tropicais e subtropicais de todos os oceanos, exceto no leste do Pacífico. Apresenta um grande potencial para a aquicultura, principalmente pela sua elevada taxa de crescimento, alto valor comercial e carne de ótima qualidade. Em vista disso, o Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, em parceria com a Aqualider Maricultura Ltda., iniciou os trabalhos de criação desta espécie por meio da formação de um plantel de reprodutores, a partir da captura de indivíduos selvagens. Os peixes capturados foram colocados em tanques com renovação de água e/ou oxigênio puro, transportados até o porto e, por via rodoviária (cerca de 70 km de distância), até o laboratório da Aqualider, no município de Ipojuca, PE. Após anestesia com óleo de cravo (15 a 20 ppm), foi realizada a identificação com marcas plásticas tipo TAG e o sexo determinado através da inserção de uma cânula de aproximadamente 1 mm no orifício urogenital do peixe. Após a reanimação da anestesia, os peixes foram profilaticamente tratados com solução de formol (100 ppm por 30 min) e água doce (máximo 5 min) para retirada de possíveis ectoparasitos. Vinte e nove exemplares foram capturados, dos quais apenas sete sobreviveram. As mortalidades foram mais frequentes no início das capturas. Com a cobertura dos tanques e a maior experiência da equipe, principalmente no manejo e nos procedimentos de aclimatação e tratamento contra parasitas, foi observada uma diminuição significativa na mortalidade. Apesar do número reduzido de reprodutores ao final do processo de aclimatação (duas fêmeas com peso médio de 14 a 16 kg, quatro machos com peso médio de aproximadamente 10 kg e um exemplar sem sexo definido), estes animais produziram 21 desovas fertilizadas e nenhuma desova infértil, as quais resultaram em um total de 48,7 milhões de ovos, dos quais, 24 milhões foram ovos fertilizados (taxa média de fertilização de 49,3%). Em comparação com estudos similares, os resultados aqui obtidos podem ser considerados excelentes. Fica, portanto, demonstrada a viabilidade da metodologia aqui empregada na formação do plantel e manejo de reprodutores de beijupirá.

Watersheds are often managed without direct knowledge of how salmonid species use spatially-distinct spawning habitats within their watersheds, and rarely take into account the relationship between fish movement and potential population structure when making management decisions. The population of native Bonneville cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki utah) within the Logan River is the largest documented population remaining for this imperiled species, and still maintains extremely high densities of native fish in the upper river. Currently, fishing is not allowed in the upper 20 kilometers of the Logan River watershed during spawning, based on the assumption that cutthroat trout migrate to and spawn primarily in this section. I redetected cutthroat trout tagged (2,271) during years 2008-2012 in seven mainstem and tributary reaches of the Logan River during spawning months (April-June) of 2013 using a combination of stationary detection systems and mobile scanning techniques. Cutthroat trout in both mainstem and tributary reaches exhibit a leptokurtic movement distribution, indicating most fish spawn near to their original tagging site; however, small percentages of trout moved long distances to seek out spawning sites throughout the watershed. Growth, length, and condition estimates between mobile and non-mobile tagged fish demonstrate that while mobile fish tend to growth faster, be slightly larger, and in some cases be in relatively poorer condition, these differences are often biologically insignificant and dependent on site location within the watershed. A genetic microsatellite DNA analysis conducted on trout sampled from each study site confirms the assumption of panmixia, and I observed very little evidence of sub-population structure. Using River Styles® to assess geomorphically distinct reaches, I created a large-scale population estimate of spawning individuals, which found approximately 61% of spawning cutthroat trout are not subject to angling during the spawning season, while 39% could be susceptible to harvest in the lower basin and its tributaries. Most trout within the Logan River likely spawned very close to initial tagging locations and microsatellite analyses confirmed the population is genetically well-mixed, indicating conservation efforts should promote risk-averse management throughout the watershed, rather than focus heavily on any one section of the river.

This study was conducted on Willard Bay Reservoir, Utah, during the summers of 1972 and 1973, to study the spawning biology of the channel catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus), and to evaluate potential reproduction for this species in the reservoir. Potential reproduction was evaluated through examination of available natural habitat and use of artificial habitat provided for this study. Channel catfish were found to mature by the end of their fourth year and spawn from mid-June through August. A total of 12 nesting channel catfish were observed along 15, 0.8 kilometer (0.5 mile) sections of dike. Ten of these 12 nests were along the dike-bottom interface. Numerous other areas along these sections of dike were considered to be favorable spawning habitat. Only four fish, two black bullheads (Ictalurus melas) and two channel catfish, were observed using artificial spawning habitat. All four fish utilized milk cans as spawning structures, rather than tire groups or plastic trash cans. Results indicated that there is suitable habitat available in the reservoir to accommodate a much larger population of channel catfish spawners. Length frequency analysis and capture of young-of-the-year show that channel catfish had spawned successfully each year since 1971.

This thesis focuses on the edible fungus Lepista (Pied Bleu or Wood Blewit). Factors affecting its potential commercial cultivation were explored and a contribution to knowledge of the morphology and cultivation of Australian species of Lepista has been made. Australian collections of Lepista were made within a 200 km zone of Sydney. A study of the morphology and taxonomic species of these collections was undertaken. Intra- and inter-fertility crosses were completed with French L. nuda and L. sordida to determine genetic relationships and biological species. Suitable substrates for agar medium, spawn production and cultivation were explored. The response to temperature of French and Australian Lepista in vitro, and Australian Lepista under cultivation, using cold shock, was observed. The effect of modified atmosphere exchanges per hour, CO2 levels, and cold shock during the cultivation cycle and sporophore production were investigated. A genebank of Australian Lepista was established. Three species of Lepista were found in Australia : L. nuda, L. sordida and L. saeva. Two other groups of Lepista were identified. The use of A. bisporus compost appeared to be optimal for experimental and commercial applications. Australian isolates of Lepista tolerate higher temperatures than French isolates, and grew at double the rate of the French at all temperatures except 5 degrees centigrade. The length of the spawn run was reduced from 43-58 days to 12-16 days with introduced CO2 of 9,000-11,000 ppm, but an erratic cyclic pattern of net CO2 production occurred which could only be stabilised by increasing ventilation. This initial cyclic pattern appeared to inhibit subsequent sporophore formation. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Ecosystems are linked by spatial subsidies, the bi-directional flows of nutrients, materials and energy that cross ecosystem boundaries. Considered one of the planet’s most productive and diverse meta-ecosystems, the broad interface between land and sea is crossed by innumerable abiotic and biotic spatial subsidies, including migratory animals. Routinely crossing ecological boundaries, migrants play significant roles in subsidizing receiving ecosystems, including influencing ecosystem productivity, diversity, community structure and trophic cascades. On the Pacific coast of North America, spatial subsidies driven by migratory Pacific salmon have been intensively studied. Like many of the world’s migrants, however, salmon populations have declined considerably and most of our scientific knowledge has been gained from a diminished subsidy. Other subsidies, including those driven by migratory species in decline, remain relatively unknown. Each year, Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) migrate to shallow waters to spawn on nearshore and intertidal substrates. Despite suggestions in the literature that herring, an abundant, nearshore/intertidal spawning forage fish, subsidizes coastal ecosystems, there had been no investigation of cross-ecosystem interactions. Just as stable isotopes and fatty acids have been used to explore wrack (drift macrophytes) subsidies to intertidal ecosystems, we combined both approaches to trace the input of Pacific herring and wrack to semi-terrestrial amphipods (Traskorchestia spp.), which are highly abundant detritivores in beach ecosystems. Brown algae and seagrass were major contributors to amphipods but when available, herring was also a significant resource. Because amphipods are prey for terrestrial consumers, including bears (Ursus spp.), we also identified indirect trophic linkages between herring and terrestrial ecosystems. Bears are major consumers and vectors of salmon into terrestrial ecosystems, but little is known regarding their involvement in other spatial subsidies. Using a model-based inference approach paired with remote cameras to monitor intertidal black bear (U. americanus) activity, we determined that the best predictors of black bear intertidal activity were major intertidal prey items (herring and amphipod biomass) and Julian day. Bears positively responded to herring and amphipod biomass on beaches but it was the analysis of scats that determined the contribution of herring eggs to the diets of bears. In 2010, the herring spawn was relatively poor and consumption of eggs was negligible, with amphipods constituting a major portion of bear diets. In following years, herring egg loading was relatively high and eggs were the dominant dietary item in bear scats. Tracing the contribution of herring into terrestrial areas proved challenging and instead, we furthered knowledge of the within-watershed spatiotemporal influences of salmon on conifer tree ring growth and δ15N signatures. Both tree ring growth and δ15N signatures tracked the known spatial distribution of salmon carcasses. Using a model-based inference approach, salmon abundance and interaction terms of salmon*temperature and salmon*distance into the forest best predicted tree growth. In contrast, salmon abundance was not a leading predictor of δ15N. By broadening our understanding of the fine-scale influence of salmon on a stand of ancient trees, this research is expected to contribute to future exploration of the terrestrial influences of Pacific herring. / Graduate / 0329 / cfox@uvic.ca

During the migration season in 2013 a study on spawning migrating salmon and the effect of water flow on the behavior was conducted of the salmon at the Forshaga hydropower station in the River Klarälven. The River Klarälven with its nine hydropower plants on the Swedish side, constituting migration obstacles for the migrating salmon. Fortum Generation AB has together with the County Administrative Board restored a salmon trap at the lowermost hydropower station in Forshaga, aiming at making it possible for the salmon to swim into the trap, and thereafter be transported by truck past the power plants and then continue their journey to the spawning grounds on their own. Unfortunately, it is believed that the trap does not work as well as it should. In this study, I focused on salmon position in relation to water flow and if the number of salmon that swam into the fish trap differed between salmon with previous experience of the trap (experienced) and salmon without experience (unexperienced). My results showed that there were significantly more inexperienced salmon that entered the trap than experienced salmon. The salmon, regardless of experience, chose a position where the flow was highest. To increase catches of salmon in the fish trap I suggest that one use more attraction water and keep the trap open more hours. My results should be of interest to managers as the trap efficiency has never been evaluated, and no earlier studies about the effect of salmon experience on trap efficiency exist. / Vandringssäsongen 2013 genomfördes en studie på lekvandrande lax och hur vattenflödet påverkade laxens beteende vid Forshaga kraftstation i Klarälven. Klarälven med dess 9 vattenkraftverk på den svenska sidan utgör vandringshinder för den lekvandrande laxen. Fortum har tillsammans med Länsstyrelsen renoverat en laxfälla i det mest nedströms liggande kraftverket i Forshaga. Syftet med fällan är att laxen ska simma in i fällan till en uppsamlingsbassäng och därefter köras med lastbil förbi kraftverken, för att därefter fortsätta vandringen på egen hand. Fiskfällans effektivitet är ifrågasatt och man vet inte hur effektiv den är. I denna studie fokuserade jag på laxens ståndplats i relation till varifrån det huvudsakliga flödet kom, samt om antalet laxar som simmar in i fiskfällan skiljde sig mellan lax med tidigare erfarenhet av fällan (erfaren) och lax utan erfarenhet av fällan (oerfaren). Mina resultat visade att det var signifikant fler oerfarna laxar än erfarna laxar som simmade in i fällan. Laxen, oavsett erfarenhet, valde ståndplats där flödet var som högst. För att öka fångsterna av lax i fiskfällan skulle mer lockvatten och fler timmar då fällan är öppen kunna bidra med mer fångst. Denna studie borde vara av intresse för inblandade aktörer i laxens förvaltning eftersom fällans effektivitet aldrig utvärderats tidigare, och dessutom har man inte studerat om tidigare erfarenhet av en fälla påverkar laxen.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a desova induzida hormonalmente e a qualidade dos ovos do ariacÃ, Lutjanus synagris. Foram avaliadas as fecundidades absoluta e relativa, o diÃmetro dos ovos e de suas respectivas gotÃculas de Ãleo, a porcentagem de ovos flutuantes, a taxa de fecundaÃÃo, a taxa de eclosÃo e sobrevivÃncia das larvas apÃs consumo da reserva vitelÃnica. O estudo foi desenvolvido no Centro de Estudos Ambientais Costeiros (CEAC) do Instituto de CiÃncias do Mar (LABOMAR) da Universidade Federal do Cearà (UFC). IndivÃduos juvenis foram capturados na natureza por meio de pesca com anzol, levados ao laboratÃrio e mantidos sob quarentena. Para finalizar o processo de maturaÃÃo gonadal os indivÃduos foram transferidos para o sistema interno, mantidos sob fotoperÃodo de 14 horas de claro e alimentados alternadamente com sardinha, camarÃo e lula. ApÃs a verificaÃÃo da maturaÃÃo gonadal foi iniciado o perÃodo de induÃÃo hormonal. Os animais foram capturados, anestesiados, medidos e pesados. O critÃrio de maturidade utilizado foi liberaÃÃo de sÃmen para os machos e diÃmetro mÃdio dos ovÃcitos maior que 400 μm para as fÃmeas. As induÃÃes ocorreram entre os meses de novembro de 2009 e marÃo de 2010 com injeÃÃes de gonadotrofina coriÃnica humana (hCG) na base da nadadeira peitoral. Foram utilizadas doses de 1.500 UI kg-1 e avaliados dois protocolos. No Protocolo 50/50 foram aplicadas duas injeÃÃes contendo 50% da dose total e no Protocolo 70/30 a primeira dose foi de 70% e a segunda de 30% da dose total. A segunda injeÃÃo foi aplicada 24 horas apÃs a primeira. Os machos receberam dose Ãnica de 750 UI de hCG kg-1 no momento da segunda injeÃÃo na fÃmea. A proporÃÃo sexual (fÃmea:macho) utilizada foi de 1:2. A porcentagem de ovos flutuantes apresentou diferenÃa significativa com valores mÃdios de 78,18  39,71% e 33,68  41,02% para os Protocolos 50/50 e 70/30, respectivamente. NÃo foi observada diferenÃa significativa para nenhum dos demais parÃmetros avaliados. Os valores mÃdios para fecundidade relativa foram de 306.815,10  135.218,18 Ãvulos kg-1 (Protocolo 50/50) 404.511,27  261.545,16 Ãvulos kg-1 (Protocolo 70/30). A fertilizaÃÃo dos ovos flutuantes variou entre 92 e 100% com diÃmetro mÃdio de 726,0  16,89 μm a 795,0  19,43 μm e da gotÃcula de Ãleo de 122,5  8,07 μm a 141,5  11,89 μm. A eclosÃo ocorreu em 16 horas sob temperatura mÃdia de 29,3  0,9oC. Ovos com mÃltiplas gotÃculas de Ãleo apresentaram eclosÃo e sobrevivÃncia similares Ãqueles com uma gotÃcula. O ariacà se mostrou uma espÃcie que se adapta bem ao cativeiro respondendo positivamente ao manejo e à induÃÃo hormonal. Os resultados positivos mostram que o hCG à eficaz na reproduÃÃo induzida desta espÃcie, contudo a variabilidade dos dados encontrados no presente estudo revela que a tÃcnica precisa ser aprimorada / The aim of this study was to evaluate the hormone induced spawn and egg quality of lane snapper, Lutjanus synagris. The absolute fecundity, relative fecundity, egg and oil globule diameter, percentage of floating eggs, percentage of fertilization, hatching rate and larval survival up to yolk consumption were assessed. The study was conducted at Centro de Estudos Ambientais Costeiros (CEAC) from Instituto de CiÃncias do Mar (LABOMAR) from the Universidade Federal do Cearà (UFC). Wild juveniles were captured by hook, took to the laboratory and held in a quarantine system. Fishes were transferred to the internal system to complete gonadal maturation under a 14h-light photoperiod and fed fish, shrimp and squid. After gonadal maturation, induced spawn period was started. Individuals were captured, anesthetized and measured. Maturity criteria were running milt for males and mean oocyte diameter greater than 400 μm for females. Induced spawns were attempted in the period between November 2009 and March 2010, by using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injections at the base of the pectoral fin. Total doses of 1.500 IU kg-1 were used and two experimental protocols were evaluated. In the Protocol 50/50, injections of hCG were given in two doses of 50% of total dose while in the Protocol 70/30, the first dose was 70% and the second was 30% total dose. The second injection was given after 24 hours. Males received only one injection of 750 IU kg-1, at the time of the second injection to females. The sex ratio (female:male) was 1:2. The percentage of floating eggs was significantly different, with mean values of 78.18  39.71% and 33.68  41.02% for Protocols 50/50 and 70/30, respectively. There were no significant differences in any other evaluated parameters. The mean values of relative fecundity were 306,815.10  135,218.18 egg kg-1 (Protocol 50/50) and 404,511.27  261,545.16 egg kg-1 (Protocol 70/30). The percentage of fertilization in floating eggs ranged from 92 to 100% with mean egg diameters from 726.0  16.89 μm to 795.0  19.43 μm and oil globule diameters from 122.5  8.07 μm to 141.5  11.89 μm in Protocols 50/50 and 70/30. Hatching occurred 16 hours after spawning at mean temperature of 29.3  0.9oC. Spawns with eggs having multiple oil globules had a similar hatching rate and larval survival than those with simple oil globule. Lane snapper can successfully adapt to captivity conditions and positively respond to handling and induced spawn. The positive results show that hCG induced spawn is feasible, however the variability of the found data in the present study reveals that this technique needs to be improved