Abstract Making and performing music is in a central position in classroom music education. Adolescents studying at special music classes engage with musical activities almost daily. Music is present in their lives in versatile ways. Based on several studies, music is the most popular free time activity. Approximately 21% of Finnish 15–29 years old people play some instrument and 15% sing. The aim of this study is to examine what matters are meaningful for adolescents when they rehearse as a group of an entire music class. Twenty 15-year olds of the same music class participated in this research. They produced qualitative materials in interviews and essays. This study analyzed the empirical material produced in a reciprocal relationship with a teacher and her students. The perspectives of interviewing interaction and the double role of the researcher and pedagogue were taken into account. The research material consisted of 31 interviews and 18 essays which were analyzed as narratives. The material was produced in three cycles during a five month period in 2011–2012. The research material was first analyzed using a thematic analysis method in order to find out what the young narrators talked about in their interviews. The next period of analysis utilized models of narrative methodology such as time period analysis (Vendler), process type analysis (Halliday), and semantic participant analysis (Frawley) adapted by David Herman and Matti Hyvärinen. One aspect in the analysis is the idea of adolescents using language in their personal and volitional ways. Another aspect is the idea of participants in the research having two cognitive-social missions: to express something about their experience and to gain and maintain social acceptance adherence to social and cultural roles of competent and acceptable students. The main concepts of this study come from basic elements of narrative according to David Herman. These elements are narrative occasions of telling, sequentiality of narrative, the world, and the happening in narrative, as well as the experience of a narrator. The elements of a narrative are used as criteria of tellability when analyzing the empirical material. By using special narrative methods of analyzing the narratives, the aim of the study is to interpret different ways of narrating and to scrutinize thick narratives told in research context. The main results are concerned with meanings in personal music making, performing and joint social action. When the concert project began, various group processes manifested, and it is almost impossible to segregate a music process and a group process on the basis of the empirical material. There are differences in tellability and thickness in interviewings during and after the concert project. Adolescents mostly narrate about happenings and experiences which have been unpredictable. This research indicates different types of narratives such as habitual narratives, hypothetical narratives, and prospective narratives. / Tiivistelmä Musisointi ja musiikin esittäminen ovat musiikkiluokkien musiikinopetuksessa keskeisessä asemassa. Musiikkiluokalla opiskelevat nuoret toimivat musiikin parissa lähes päivittäin, ja musiikki kuuluu heidän elämäänsä monin tavoin. Musiikki onkin monien tutkimusten perusteella nuorten suosituin harrastus, ja arviolta 21 % 15–29-vuotiaista suomalaisista soittaa jotakin instrumenttia ja 15 % harrastaa laulua. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää, mikä nuorille on merkityksellistä ryhmän musisointiprosessissa koululuokan valmistautuessa konserttiin. Tutkimukseen on osallistunut yhteensä 20 samalla musiikkiluokalla opiskelevaa 15-vuotiasta nuorta, jotka ovat tuottaneet laadulliset haastattelu- ja kirjoitelma-aineistot. Koska aineistot on tuotettu opettajan ja oppilaan välisessä suhteessa, niitä pyritään tarkastelemaan haastatteluvuorovaikutuksen ja tutkija-opettaja – kaksoisroolin näkökulmista. Tutkimusaineistot koostuvat 31 haastattelusta ja 18 kirjoitelmasta, joita analysoidaan kertomuksina. Aineistot kerättiin viiden kuukauden ajan vuosina 2011–2012. Niitä on analysoitu aluksi väljän teemoittelun avulla, jolla on haluttu selvittää, mistä haastateltavat puhuvat musisointiprosessin kertomuksissa. Sen jälkeen aineistoja on analysoitu kerronnallisen tutkimuksen metodologiasta peräisin olevilla aikakehyksen (Vendler), prosessityyppien (Halliday) ja osallistujaroolien (Frawley) analyysimallien avulla David Hermanin ja Matti Hyvärisen esityksiä soveltaen. Yhtenä lähtökohtana kertomusten tarkastelussa on, että nuoret käyttävät kieltä valitsemillaan tavoilla. Toisena lähtökohtana on, että tutkimukseen osallistujilla on projektissa kahtalainen kognitiivis-sosiaalinen tehtävä: yhtäältä he tuovat ilmi jotakin olennaista kokemuksestaan ja toisaalta esittävät itsensä pätevinä ja hyväksyttävinä oppilaina ja musiikin harjoittajina. Tutkimuksen keskeisimpiä käsitteitä ovat David Hermanin esittämät kertomuksen neljä peruselementtiä, joita ovat kertomuksen tilanteisuus, kertomuksen tapahtumien ajallisuus, kertomuksen maailma tapahtumineen sekä kertojan kokemus. Näitä peruselementtejä hyödynnetään kerronnallisuuden kriteereinä, kun tutkimuksessa tuotettujen haastattelu- ja kirjoitelma-aineistojen kerronnallisuutta paikannetaan. Käytettyjen analyysivälineiden avulla pyritään tulkitsemaan nuorten käyttämiä erilaisia kerronnan tapoja sekä tarkastelemaan tutkimuskontekstissa syntyneitä tiheitä kertomuksia. Tutkimuksen keskeisimmät tulokset liittyvät omakohtaiseen musisointiin, esiintymiseen ja ryhmätoimintaan liittyviin merkityksiin. Konserttiprojektin aikana luokassa käynnistyy erilaisia ryhmädynaamisia prosesseja, ja tutkimusaineiston perusteella on lähes mahdotonta erottaa musisointi- ja ryhmäprosesseja toisistaan. Musisointiprosessin aikana kerätty haastatteluaineisto on vähemmän kerronnallinen kuin noin kuukausi sen päättymisen jälkeen kerätty aineisto. Tutkimuksen perusteella nuoret kertovat tapahtumista ja kokemuksista, jotka ovat olleet musisointiprosessin eri tilanteissa yllätyksellisiä. Aineistoissa on löydettävissä erilaisista kertomustyypeistä muiden muassa tapakertomuksia, hypoteettisia kertomuksia ja tulevaisuuskertomuksia.

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The theme of this diploma thesis is " Contracting autonomy in construction of types of shares and its limits". Its aim was to analyse the domestic legal regulation and to clarify the limits in the construction of types of shares. To achieve this aim, the author tried to interpret the limits of the key provisions of the Business Corporation Act with the support of professional literature and comparisons with foreign legal systems, especially with the United Kingdom. The aim of the thesis was fulfilled. The key provisions were analysed, and the limits were set. The author of the thesis concluded that the current legislation would merit an amendment to achieve legal certainty and to eliminate the non-compliance of the practical and theoretical level. At the time of elaboration of this work, it was submitted an amendment to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic as a Parliamentary Press No. 207, which should solve most of the problems. The first chapter deals with the concept and definition of the share, in particular as a part of the share capital, as a set of shareholder rights and obligations of the shareholder and as a security. The second chapter reflects the historical genesis of the kinds of shares in the Czech Republic and deals with the different types of shares in the...

The theme of this diploma thesis is "Contracting autonomy in construction of types of shares and its limits". It aimed to analyse the domestic legal regulation. Its effort was to set limits in the construction of types of shares. This was achieved especially through grammatical, logical, systematical and teleological interpretation of legal regulation, with help of law doctrine, and on the smaller scale by comparisons with foreign legal systems. It succeeded in analysing key provisions and setting limits that cannot be crossed when constructing types of shares. The aim of the diploma thesis was therefore fulfilled. It is stated that certain disputes arising from different interpretations of the same provision will be eliminated by amendment of legal regulation of business corporations which will in consequence strengthen legal certainty of participants of these legal relationships. The first chapter deals with concept and definition of share, as a part of registered capital of corporation, as a set of shareholder rights and obligations, and as a security. The second chapter handles the historical genesis of kinds of shares that could be constructed under the old legislation. Subsequently, it describes types of shares that are explicitly regulated by current legal regulation, namely ordinary shares,...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TulioWBJ.pdf: 572575 bytes, checksum: 5effde52c942d11015aa333c7bd07b5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-29 / Oil well cementing materials consist of slurries of Special class Portland cement dispersed in water. Admixtures can be used to provide the necessary fluidity, so the material can be efficiently pumped down as well as penetrate porous rocks with controlled filter loss. Construction admixtures can be used to modify the properties of oil well cements provided they can withstand and hold their properties at the higher than ambient temperatures usually encountered in oil fields. In civil construction, superplasticizer play the role of dispersants that reduce the facto r of water cement improve mechanical properties and fluidity of the cement, whereas anti-segregation agents improve the workability of the slurry. In the present study, oil well cement slurries were produced adding both a dispersant and an anti-segregation agent conventionally used in Portland CPII-Z-32 RS cement aiming at materials for primary cementing and squeeze operations. Three basic aspects were evaluated: fluidity, filter loss and the synergetic effect of the admixtures at two temperatures, i.e., 27?C and 56?C, following API RP 10B practical recommendations. The slurries were prepared using admixture concentrations varying from 2.60 Kgf/m3 (0.02 gallft3) to 5.82 Kgf/m3 (0.045 galJft3) BWOC. The density of the slurries was set to 1.89 g/cm3 (15.8 Ib/gal). 0.30 to 0.60% BWOC of a CMC-based anti-segregation agent was added to the cement to control the filter loss. The results showed that the addition of anti-segregation at concentrations above 0.55% by weight of cement resulted in the increased viscosity of the folders in temperatures evaluated. The increasing the temperature of the tests led to a reduction in the performance of anti-segregation. At concentrations of 5.20 kgf/m3 (0,040 gallft3) and 5.82 Kgf/m3 (0,045 gal/ft 3) observed a better performance of the properties evaluated in the proposed system. At low temperature was observed instability in the readings of rheology for all concentrations of anti-segregation. Contents that increasing the concentration of anti?-segregation is limited concentrations greater than 0.55 % BWOC of the CMC in temperature analyzed. The use of the system with CMC promoted a good performance against the properties evaluated. The principal function of anti?-segregation was optimized with increasing concentration of superplasticizer, at temperatures above the 2rC. The study of the behaviour of systemic additives, resulting in slurries of cement, which can be optimized face studies of other intrinsic properties in oil fields / A pasta de cimento Portland ? uma mistura de part?culas s?lidas de cimento dispersas em ?gua. Tal sistema deve possuir fluidez suficiente para penetrar de forma eficiente em meio poroso, al?m de proporcionar controle na ?gua perdida por filtrado na forma??o, garantindo o sucesso da opera??o de bombeio. Em determinados campos as condi??es geol?gicas das forma??es, bem como a profundidade das faces explorat?rias do po?o podem favorecer ao acr?scimo de temperatura. Na constru??o civil os superplastificantes reduzem o fator ?gua cimento das argamassas proporcionando aumento de propriedades como resist?ncia mec?nica e fluidez, j? o anti-segregante proporciona uma melhor trabalhabilidade das argamassas. Sistemas com a adi??o de dispersantes e anti?segregante utilizados convencionalmente em cimento Portland CPII-Z-32 RS foram analisados em pastas de cimento Portland Especial, utilizadas para opera??es de squeeze e cimenta??o em po?os petrol?feros, com ?nfase em tr?s aspectos: fluidez, perda do volume de filtrado e efeito sinerg?tico. Os par?metros analisados foram estudados por meio de ensaios de desempenho nas temperaturas de 2rC e 56?C, seguindo as recomenda??es pr?ticas da norma API RP 108. Para o estudo foram selecionados materiais com car?ter dispersante como superplastificantes. e preparadas pastas com concentra??es variando de 2,60 Kgf/m3 (0,02 gal/p?3) a 5,82 Kgf/m3 (0,045 gal/p?3) em peso de cimento, com densidade constante de 1,89 g/cm3 (15,8 Ib/gal). Para o controle da ?gua perdida por filtra??o foi utilizado um agente anti-segregante a base de CMC com concentra??es variando de 0,30 % a 0,60 % em peso de cimento. Os resultados mostraram que a adi??o do anti-segregante em concentra??es acima de 0,55 % em peso de cimento resultou no aumento da viscosidade das pastas nas temperaturas avaliadas. Foi verificado que o aumento da temperatura dos testes provocou uma redu??o no desempenho do anti-segregante. Nas concentra??es de 5,20 kgf/m3 (0,040 gal/p?3) e 5,82 Kgf/m3 (0,045 gal/p?3) observou-se um melhor desempenho das propriedades avaliadas no sistema proposto. Na temperatura ambiente foi verificado instabilidade nas leituras de reologia para todas as concentra??es do anti-segregante. Foi verificado que o aumento da concentra??o de anti-segregante ? limitada as concentra??es superior a 0,55 % em peso de cimento nas temperaturas analisadas. O uso do sistema contendo superplastificante, aliado ao anti-segregante promoveu um bom desempenho face ?s propriedades reol?gicas e de controle de filtrado das pastas. A fun??o principal do anti-segregante foi otimizada com o aumento da concentra??o do superplastificante, a temperaturas acima da ambiente. Por?m o aumento da concentra??o do agente dispersante nas pastas de cimento pode provocar o retardamento das pastas em temperaturas pr?ximas da ambiente. O estudo do comportamento sist?mico dos aditivos resultou na obten??o de pastas de cimento, que podem ser otimizadas face estudos de outras propriedades intr?nsecas a sua utiliza??o nas opera??es em campos petrol?feros

The theme of this diploma thesis is "Contracting autonomy in construction of classes of shares and its limits". Its aim is to answer the question to what extent is the contracting autonomy of shareholders limited, when it comes to construction of classes of shares. The answer is being found by means of a negative analysis that lists both statutory and case-law based limits that restrict that autonomy. It also presents legal consequences, from which suffer those classes of special shares that collide with the statutory provisions and the constructions of rights that are questionable or vague. This diploma thesis comprises of two chapters. Whereas the first one deals with the contracting autonomy in construction of classes of shares and its limits in Czech law, the second one do likewise in German law. The first chapter is divided into two sections. The first part describes a security and shares in general trying to bring out those of their specifics that are subject of further discussion of limits of the contracting autonomy in construction of classes of shares and particular classes of shares. The second section of the first chapter has two subsections. The first one addresses statutory and case-law based limits, which restrict the contracting autonomy of shareholders in construction of special...