Master of Science / Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering / J. Kenneth Shultis / Simulations were performed using MCNP5 to optimize the geometry of a neutron spectrometer. The cylindrical device utilizes micro-structured neutron detectors encased in polyethylene moderator to identify sources based on energy spectrum. Sources are identifi ed by comparison of measured detector responses to predetermined detector response templates that are unique to each neutron source. The design of a shadow shield to account for room scattered neutrons was investigated as well. For sufficient source strength in a void, the optimal geometric design was able to detect all sources in 1000 trials, where each trial consists of simulated detector responses from 11 unique sources. When room scatter from a concrete floor was considered, the shadow shield corrected responses were capable of correctly identifying 96.4% of the simulated sources in 1000 trials using the same templates. In addition to spectrometer simulations, a set of neutron multiplicity experiments from a plutonium sphere with various reflector thicknesses were simulated. Perturbations to nuclear data were made to correct a known discrepancy between multiplicity distributions generated from MCNP simulations and experimental data. Energy-dependent perturbations to the total number of mean neutrons per fission [average velocity] of [superscript]2[superscript]3[superscript]9Pu ENDF/B-VII.1 data were analyzed. Perturbations were made using random samples, correlated with corresponding covariance data. Out of 500 unique samples, the best-case [average velocity] data reduced the average deviation in the mean of multiplicity distributions between simulation and experiment to 4.32% from 6.73% for the original data; the average deviation in the second moment was reduced from 13.87% to 8.74%. The best-case [average velocity] data preserved k[subscript]e[subscript]f[subscript]f with a root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of 0.51% for the 36 Pu cases in the MCNP validation suite, which is comparable to the 0.49% RMSD produced using the original nuclear data. Fractional shifts to microscopic cross sections were performed and multiplicity and criticality results compared. A 1.5% decrease in fission cross section was able to correct the discrepancy in multiplicity distributions greater than the [average velocity] perturbations but without preserving k[subscript]e[subscript]f[subscript]f .

Neste trabalho, é apresentado o desenvolvimento de um IP de rede Ethernet com interface para o barramento Avalon para utilização em conjunto com o processador Nios II da Altera. O IPC foi adaptado do projeto Ethernet_tri_mode, e é capaz de transferir dados a velocidades de 1000, 100 e 10 Mbps. O desenvolvimento envolveu a adaptação do código para atingir os requisitos do projeto, feito segundo as diretrizes do CIERMag de manter todo o código em VHDL. Além disso, foi implementada uma interface de comunicação com o processador Nios II para tornar possível a configuração do sistema, bem como a transferência de dados através de um software sendo executado no processador. O IPC Ethernet foi projetado para ser aplicado no espectrômetro digital em desenvolvimento pelo CIERMag e teve como compromissos a baixa utilização de recursos lógicos do FPGA e, ao mesmo tempo, a disponibilização de uma alta taxa de transferência de dados para o espectrômetro. Como ferramenta de desenvolvimento, foi utilizada a plataforma Quartus II cujo fornecedor é a Altera. Já os testes em placa foram realizados em um kit de desenvolvimento DE3-150 da Terasic, o qual utiliza uma FPGA Stratix III, também da Altera. Com o intuito de testar e validar o sistema, foi desenvolvido um software para o processador Nios II capaz de receber e enviar dados através do IPC e com inteligência para responder pedidos do tipo ARP e PING. O subsistema de Gigabit Ethernet desenvolvido aqui já incorpora a versão corrente do Espectrômetro Digital de RM do CIERMag. / In this work we expose the implementation of an Ethernet network core which interfaces to Avalon bus used along with the Nios II Altera processor. This core was adapted from the Ethernet_tri_mode project. It can transfer data at rates of 1000, 100 and 10 Mbps. The development involved the adaptation of the code to fullfil the project requirements, under the policy of the CIERMag to keep the whole coding in VHDL. Furthermore was implemented an interface to communicate with the Nios II processor to enable system configuration and data transfer through a software running on the processor. The core was projected to be applied with focus on the utilization of low FPGA logical resources with the availability of a high data transfer rate. It will be used in a digital spectrometer under development at the CIERMag. The Quartus II platform, supplied by Altera was used as the development tool. The tests on board where carried out on a DE3-150 development kit from Terasic, which has an FPGA Stratix III also from Altera. In order to test and validate the system, a software for the Nios II processor was developed, able to send and receive data via IPC and with intelligence to answer ARP and PING types requests. The developed Gigabit Ethernet subsystem is now part of the running version of the CIERMag Digital MR Spectrometer.

Este trabalho consistiu na automação do espectrômetro de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Pulsada existente no laboratório dos professores José Pedro Donoso e Claudio José Magon. Foram efetuados circuitos adicionais e melhorias no equipamento que eles possuíam, à nível de hardware e software. Foram construídas e programadas interfaces paralelas que ligam o microcomputador a um gerador de pulsos, fabricado pela Tecmag Inc., e a um digitalizador rápido (10 ns) Nicolet 430. O programador de pulsos pode acionar independentemente 75 linhas durante o intervalo de tempo subdividido em 2048 eventos, também independente. O software desenvolvido permite a programação de todas as linhas e eventos de forma eficiente e prática. Foi todo escrito em linguagem C, é modular, portátil, e permite a geração de seqüências de pulsos sofisticadas e também o controle da aquisição e transferência de dados / This work describes the Project developped to automatize the pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer housed in the laboratory of the professors José Pedro Donoso e Cláudio José Magon. To satisfy our needs we have improved their old equipment, at the level of hardware and software. Were built and programmed the parallel interface between the microcomputer and a pulse programmer made by Tecmag Inc. and with a fast digitizer (10 ns) Nicolet 430. The pulse programmer can control 75 independent output channels during 2048 time intervals. The software we developped allow us to control the whole pulse sequence on a very efficient and practical way. It was written in C-language, and provides the timing signals necessary to generate sofisticated pulse seqüencies, the data acquisition and data transfer to the host computer

Orientador: Newton Cesário Frateschi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-02T20:57:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_MarioCesarMendesMachadoDe_D.pdf: 15167961 bytes, checksum: b18ee3c5c89a54254813d054e000f1d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Resumo: Após duas décadas de progresso contínuo, a fotônica integrada apresenta-se como uma tecnologia indispensável, exibindo soluções para importantes demandas tecnológicas atuais como o tráfego e processamento de sinais ópticos ultra-rápidos. Ao mesmo tempo, ela permite avanços substanciais em áreas emergentes como o "laboratório-no-chip" (lab-on-a-chip). No entanto, enquanto funcionalidades básicas necessárias para a maioria das aplicações (fontes de luz, moduladores, filtros, linhas de atraso, detectores, etc.) já estão disponíveis em uma variedade de dispositivos e plataformas, alguns desafios ainda permanecem. Nos últimos quatro anos, estivemos interessados em identificar alguns desses desafios e fornecer abordagens interessantes para enfrentá-los. Esta tese, que engloba uma parcela importante dessas investigações, pode ser dividida em dois tópicos. No primeiro, apresentamos microresonadores acoplados como dispositivos que permitem um controle espectral flexível e reconfigurável. Explorando as características desses dispositivos, demonstramos novas funcionalidades como o controle reconfigurável do "splitting" entre ressonâncias, fornecemos novas ferramentas de modelagem como uma teoria de modos acoplados modificada e propomos um modulador que emprega anéis acoplados, capaz de superar a limitação entre eficiência de modulação e largura de banda enfrentada por moduladores baseados em um único anel. No segundo tópico apresentamos o desenvolvimento de um espectrômetro a transformada de Fourier integrado em um chip, utilizando fotônica de silício. Os desafios para obter esse dispositivo, como a não-idealidade inerente à plataforma de silício (dispersão e não-linearidade termo-ótica) são discutidos em detalhe, além da demonstração experimental que indica como tal dispositivo pode abrir caminho para espectrômetros portáteis robustos e econômicos / Abstract: After two decades of continuous progress, integrated photonics has proven its indisputable role as an enabling technology. It addresses important technological demands of our time such as ultrafast optical data transfer and processing while allowing substantial progress in emerging areas, including lab-on-a-chip. Although the basic functionalities required for most applications (light sources, modulators, filters, delay lines, detectors, etc.) are now available in a variety of designs and platforms, a few challenges remain and room for improvement can still be found. During the last four years, we have been interested in identifying some of these challenges and in providing interesting approaches to tackle a handful. This thesis, encompassing an important share of such investigations, can be divided into two topics. First, we present coupled microresonators as devices allowing for flexible and reconfigurable spectral control. Exploiting these devices, we demonstrate novel functionalities like the reconfigurable resonance-splitting control, we provide novel modeling tools such as a modified coupled mode theory, and we propose a coupled-ring modulator that overcomes the trade-off between modulation efficiency and bandwidth faced by single microrings modulators. The second topic addresses the realization of an on-chip Fourier transform spectrometer using silicon photonics. We discuss the challenges of realizing such device due to non-idealities inherent to the silicon platform (dispersion and thermo-optic non-linearity) and we provide an experimental demonstration indicating how this device can pave the way for robust and cost-effective portable spectrometers / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências / 156281/2013-9 / 2014/04748-2, 2015/20525-6 / CNPQ / FAPESP

Thesis. 1976. Ph.D. cn--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept of Physics. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE. Vita. / Includes bibliographical references. / Ph.D.cn

Detection of organic molecules present on the surface of dust particles is important in homeland security, agriculture, and several other applications. The research presented reports the ability of the aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) to detect molecules on the surface of dust particles without detecting the particle core. Experiments were carried out to detect semi-volatile organic compounds adsorbed onto the surface of particulates without interference from the dust particle core. Methyl salicylate, oleic acid, and organophosphorus pesticides such as Malathion were detected on the surface of particles representative of dust-type materials. Zeolite powders were used as aerosol support, representative of a typical silica mineral aerosol present in the atmosphere. Mass spectral fingerprint information was gained by first directly detecting atomized species to record their clean electron impact mass spectrum. This facilitated detection during later experiments of organic molecules coated on an inorganic support. Spectra obtained give mass spectrometric signatures of molecules coated on inorganic particles without detection of the particle core. An important feature of the AMS is the ability to equate an ion rate detected in the mass spectrometer to a mass concentration of a given chemical species in a sample using its ionization efficiency. Based on an average inlet flow rate of 1.2 cm 3sec -1 the ionization efficiencies obtained were 5.89x10-5, 1.15x10-6, and 1.62x10-5 for Malathion, methyl salicylate, and oleic acid, respectively. These experiments and the results obtained show that detection and characterization of organic species adsorbed onto inorganic dust particles are possible at µg m-3 concentrations using the AMS.

<p>Södra Cell Mörrum is one of the five paper pulp plants that are included in Södra Cell, and the paper pulp that is produced here is not only sold to Swedish paper mills. Most of the paper pulp is exported to different countries in Europe. In the manufacturing process the plant needs different kind of process water and there are guideline values for how much copper, iron and sodium this water is allowed to contain. Analyzes of this water is in the current situation done with an atomic absorption spectrometric instrument (AAS-instrument) with a flame.</p><p> </p><p>Measurements done with flame-AAS of samples that have concentrations near the guideline values for copper, iron and sodium, are not reliable. The reason for not being reliable is that the quantitation limits of these metals are higher than the limit values. An alternative method that should give more reliable values is to analyze with an AAS- instrument with a graphite furnace. The purpose of this project was to perform a method validation of the graphite furnace of the AAS-instrument in the analysis of Cu, Fe and Na. The focus of the project was to find the detection limits for each metal, study the variation and to see if it is possible to analyze these water samples with this technique.</p><p> </p><p>The concentrations of the calibration solutions is between 1-10 µg/l for Na, 5-25 µg/l for Cu and 2-20 µg/l for Fe.The detection limits for all metals were slightly below 1 µg/l and during the present circumstances in the laboratory; it would be difficult to get even lower detection limits. There are improvements that can be done to get to the even lower detection limits. The results from this work show that the variation in each sampling cup is very small but if you look at different sampling cups the variation could be large if the cups are not treated in the right way. Further validation analyzes like variation in between days needs to be done.<strong> </strong></p><p>It is possible to analyze these low concentrations of copper, iron and sodium in the water samples with the AAS- graphite furnace, but it is difficult because there are many factors that affect the results. Examples of such factors are the environment where the instrument is placed in the laboratory and the human factor. Further analyzes needs to be done to get a better view of how these factors affect the result.</p>

No description available.

The recent disaster of Fukushima in Japan combined with the high demand to enhance nuclear safety and to minimize personal exposure to radioactive materials has a significant impact on research and development of radiation detection instrumentation. Currently, there is ample effort worldwide in the pursuit of radiation detection to maximize the accuracy and meet international standards in terms of size and specifications to enable radiation protection decision making. Among the requirements is the development of a portable, light-weight gamma-ray isotope identifier to be used by first responders in nuclear accidents as well as for radiation security and identification of illicit material isotopes. From nuclear security perspective, research into advanced screening technologies has become a high priority in all aspects, while for occupational safety, and environmental radiation protection, the regulatory authorities are requiring specific performance of radiation detection and measuring devices. At the applied radiation laboratory of the University of Ontario Institute of Technology, UOIT, the development of a high resolution spectrometer for medium and high energy gamma ray has been conducted. The spectrometer used a newly developed scintillator based on a LaBr3(Ce) crystal. The detector has been modeled using advanced Monte Carlo code (MCNP/X code) for the response function simulation and parameter characterization. The simulation results have been validated by experimental investigations using a wide range of gamma radiation energies. The developed spectrometer has been characterized in terms of resolution and response in different fields. It has also been compared with other crystals such as NaI(TI) and LiI(Eu). / UOIT

Graduation date: 1992