No description available.

Cette thèse propose une lecture de quatre pièces de Shakespeare du point de vue de la théorie de la sphère publique qui se concentre spécifiquement sur la façon dont les personnages féminins accèdent à la sphère publique et l'impact de cet accès sur leur vie. Cette question est abordée en étudiant la façon dont les femmes sont représentées dans ces quatre pièces de Shakespeare, Othello, The Winter's Tale, The Taming of the Shrew, et 1 Henry VI. Je soutiens que l'accès des femmes à la sphère publique est presque toujours obtenu par, ou lié à, leur transgression des normes sociales. Ma thèse vise à fournir une meilleure compréhension de la relation problématique des femmes à la sphère publique pendant la Renaissance par le biais d'une enquête sur les modèles et les mécanismes de représentation dans les différentes pièces. Grâce à un examen multidisciplinaire des textes, cette thèse propose une critique des vocabulaires patriarcaux et des modèles de représentation qui tentent de dépeindre les femmes comme appartenant nécessairement à la sphère privée. Il examine un ensemble de transgressions féminines qui sont utilisées comme point de départ et comme justification d'une publicité négative. Chacun des chapitres se concentre sur une forme de transgression qui est considérée comme une menace pour les normes sociales à différents niveaux. Des sujets telles que le désir, la grossesse, la liberté d'expression et l'héroïsme sont tous étudiés ici en relation avec le genre féminin. À travers ses différents cadres théoriques, cette thèse s'engage dans un dialogue critique entre les études littéraires, féministes, post-habermassiennes et de création de publics afin d'élucider de nouvelles façons de penser à ces questions particulières et d'éclairer les mécanismes des mouvements des femmes entre les sphères publiques et privées. / This dissertation provides a reading of four of Shakespeare’s plays from the perspective of public sphere theory that focuses specifically on the way feminine characters gain access to the public sphere and the impact of this access on their lives. This issue is addressed by studying how women are represented within these four Shakespearean plays, Othello, The Winter’s Tale, The Taming of the Shrew, and 1 Henry VI. I argue that women’s access to the public sphere is almost always achieved through, or linked to, their transgression of the social norms. My dissertation seeks to provide a better understanding of the problematic relationship of women to the early modern public sphere through an investigation of the patterns and mechanisms of representation within the different plays. Through a multidisciplinary examination of the texts, this dissertation offers a gendered critique of the patriarchal vocabularies and patterns of representation that try to depict women as necessarily belonging to the private sphere. It examines a set of female transgressions that are used as a starting point and a justification for a negative publicity. Each of the chapters focuses on one form of transgression that is seen as threatening to the social norms on various levels. Issues such as desire, pregnancy, free speech, and heroism are all studied here in relation to the female gender. Through its different theoretical frameworks, this dissertation engages in a critical dialogue between literary, feminist, post-Habermasian, and making publics studies in order to elucidate new ways of thinking about these particular issues and to shed some light on the mechanisms of women’s movements between the public and private spheres.

No description available.

Particulate systems in practical applications such as biomass combustion, blood cellular systems and granular particles in fluidized beds, have often been computationally represented using spherical surfaces, even though the majority of particles in archetypal fluid-solid systems are non-spherical. While spherical particles are more cost-effective to simulate, notable deficiencies of these implementations are their substantial inaccuracies in predicting the dynamics of particle mixtures. Alternatively, modeling dense fluid-particulate systems using non-spherical particles involves increased complexity, with computational cost manifesting as the biggest bottleneck. However, with recent advancements in computer hardware, simulations of three-dimensional particulate systems using irregular shaped particles have garnered significant interest. In this research, a novel Discrete Element Method (DEM) model that incorporates geometry definition, collision detection, and post-collision kinematics has been developed to accurately simulate non-spherical particulate systems. Superellipsoids, which account for 80% of particles commonly found in nature, are used to represent non-spherical shapes. Collisions between these particles are processed using a distance function computation carried out with respect to their surfaces. An event - driven model and a time-driven model have been employed in the current framework to resolve collisions. The collision model's influence on non–spherical particle dynamics is verified by observing the conservation of momentum and total kinetic energy. Furthermore, the non-spherical DEM model is coupled with an in-house fluid flow solver (GenIDLEST). The combined CFD-DEM model's results are validated by comparing to experimental measurements in a fluidized bed. The parallel scalability of the non-spherical DEM model is evaluated in terms of its efficiency and speedup. Major factors affecting wall clock time of simulations are analyzed and an estimate of the model's dependency on these factors is documented. The developed framework allows for a wide range of particle geometries to be simulated in GenIDLEST. / Master of Science / CFD – DEM (Discrete Element Method) is a technique of coupling fluid flow solvers with granular solid particles. CFD – DEM simulations are beneficial in recreating pragmatic applications such as blood cellular flows, fluidized beds and pharmaceutics. Up until recently, particles in these flows have been modeled as spheres as the generation of particle geometry and collision detection algorithms are straightforward. However, in real – life occurrences, most particles are irregular in shape, and approximating them as spheres in computational works leads to a substantial loss of accuracy. On the other hand, non – spherical particles are more complex to generate. When these particles are in motion, they collide and exhibit complex trajectories. Majority of the wall clock time is spent in resolving collisions between these non – spherical particles. Hence, generic algorithms to detect and resolve collisions have to be incorporated. This primary focus of this research work is to develop collision detection and resolution algorithms for non – spherical particles. Collisions are detected using inherent geometrical properties of the class of particles used. Two popular models (event-driven and time-driven) are implemented and utilized to update the trajectories of particles. These models are coupled with an in – house fluid solver (GenIDLEST) and the functioning of the DEM model is validated with experimental results from previous research works. Also, since the computational effort required is higher in the case of non – spherical particulate simulations, an estimate of the scalability of the problem and factors influencing time to simulations are presented.

The work presented in this Thesis describes the design, synthesis and reactivity of a symmetric and various asymmetric Schiff-base macrocycles that are capable of forming a wedge-shaped “Pacman” conformation upon metal binding. Chapter One introduces catalysts for small molecule transformation as well as transition metal complexes of pyrrole-containing macrocycles. Further to this, Pacman systems, including previous work from Love and co-workers, and complexes capable of secondary coordination-sphere control will be discussed. Chapter Two details the design and synthesis of two asymmetric macrocycles that both contain one neutral and one N₄-donor imine-pyrrole binding pocket, H₂LP and H₂LNMe. The synthesis and characterisation of the series of complexes [M(LP)] and [M(LNMe)] (M = Pd, K₂, Co, VCl, TiCl, Mg, Fe and Mn) and their characteristics highlighted, including the formation of a supramolecular cyclic hexamer. Chapter Three presents the modification of the above ligands at the meso-group, the N-substituent and the non-pyrrolic binding pocket to give H2LFP and H₂LFNMe, H₂LNMes and H₂L(NH)NMe respectively. Palladium and cobalt complexes of these macrocycles were prepared and characterised. Chapter Four describes the design and synthesis of the ligand H₄LEt as well as the synthesis and characterisation of tin-alkyl and mononuclear calcium complexes of LEt, as well as the heterobimetallic complexes [SnMe₂(M)(THF)(LEt)] (M = Zn or Fe). The homobimetallic complexes [M₂(LEt)] (M = Co, Mg and NbCl) are also presented along with a magnesium-cubane structure of LEt in which the cubane is encapsulated by two, bowl-shaped macrocycles. Chapter Five provides a summary of the work presented in this thesis. Chapter Six describes the full experimental details and analytical data for all compounds synthesised in this work.

This thesis examines the propriety of suffering as a category in political thought. This complex subject matter is approached by examining two responses, and the disagreement arising between these responses, to the perceived failure of politics, modernity and religion in Europe in the first half of the twentieth century. The first response to these failures considered is a theological response, representing a politics based on belief, in which we turn to the writings of J.B. Metz as a representative of this position. The second response considered is the philosophical civic humanism of Hannah Arendt as a seminal representative of what we term a politics based on unbelief. Our question regarding suffering as a category in political thought brings our two representative thinkers into disagreement. Metz presents a vision of political life in which belief – and specifically Christian belief – must liberate itself from privatising forces which confine belief and a response to suffering to the private sphere as a matter of individual concern and inward piety. For Metz the issue of suffering is not merely a matter of individual private concern but of political action. Central to his argument are his understanding of theodicy that forms part of his critique of modernity, the central place he gives Christ’s cry of dereliction in theology and his concept of Leiden an Gott. Arendt, representative of politics strictly separated from religion on Modernity’s grounds, robustly argues that concerns which are matters of the private sphere, that is the household, have invaded the public realm and in doing so have destroyed politics. Suffering is such a concern and it introduces to politics the ‘problem of necessity’ and impinges upon her concept of human freedom. She therefore represents the antithesis of Metz’s position. In order to answer our question regarding suffering our argument focuses by engaging with the issues of freedom and forgiveness. This move is important in establishing the basis on which suffering can appear in the political realm. This thesis argues for and concludes that theology provides the means for a reconciliation of the antinomies between the private and public spheres, between suffering and political thought. We therefore conclude that suffering is an appropriate concern of political life and compassion in the form of Christian charity can take an appropriate form in the political sphere.

Spatial modulation (SM) is a transmission technique proposed for multiple–input multiple– output (MIMO) systems, where only one transmit antenna is active at a time, offering an increase in the spectral efficiency equal to the base–two logarithm of the number of transmit antennas. The activation of only one antenna at each time instance enhances the average bit error ratio (ABER) as inter–channel interference (ICI) is avoided, and reduces hardware complexity, algorithmic complexity and power consumption. Thus, SM is an ideal candidate for large scale MIMO (tens and hundreds of antennas). The analytical ABER performance of SM is studied and different frameworks are proposed in other works. However, these frameworks have various limitations. Therefore, a closed–form analytical bound for the ABER performance of SM over correlated and uncorrelated, Rayleigh, Rician and Nakagami–m channels is proposed in this work. Furthermore, in spite of the low–complexity implementation of SM, there is still potential for further reductions, by limiting the number of possible combinations by exploiting the sphere decoder (SD) principle. However, existing SD algorithms do not consider the basic and fundamental principle of SM, that at any given time, only one antenna is active. Therefore, two modified SD algorithms tailored to SM are proposed. It is shown that the proposed sphere decoder algorithms offer an optimal performance, with a significant reduction of the computational complexity. Finally, the logarithmic increase in spectral efficiency offered by SM and the requirement that the number of antennas must be a power of two would require a large number of antennas. To overcome this limitation, two new MIMO modulation systems generalised spatial modulation (GNSM) and variable generalised spatial modulation (VGSM) are proposed, where the same symbol is transmitted simultaneously from more than one transmit antenna at a time. Transmitting the same data symbol from more than one antenna reduces the number of transmit antennas needed and retains the key advantages of SM. In initial development simple channel models can be used, however, as the system develops it should be tested on more realistic channels, which include the interactions between the environment and antennas. Therefore, a full analysis of the ABER performance of SM over urban channel measurements is carried out. The results using the urban measured channels confirm the theoretical work done in the field of SM. Finally, for the first time, the performance of SM is tested in a practical testbed, whereby the SM principle is validated.

The issue of democratic deficit and crisis of legitimacy has been at the forefront of the development of the European project in the last twenty years. However, little attention has been directed towards analysing the way in which democratic legitimacy underlines the construction of the EU s foreign policy. This thesis draws on a broad understanding of democratic legitimacy which is seen to encompass various aspects: transparency, accountability, responsiveness and openness to public debate. It shows that the media had a positive effect (although in contrasting degrees) on the democratic legitimacy of the EU s foreign policy in two issue areas, highlighting the ways in which it achieved this. Drawing on insights from political theory, it argues that the European public sphere has the potential to foster the four characteristics highlighted above through the ability of the media to politicise foreign policy issues, which are commonly closed off from democratic scrutiny. Three types of interaction effects between the media and policymakers within the European public sphere are identified: indexing, bounding and agenda setting. Firstly, indexing captures the ability of policymakers to influence and shape media discourse in order to aid their interests and goals by communicating in a favourable manner their policies to the general public. Secondly, through bounding the media can have a constraining or limiting effect on the range of policies and their effectiveness that policymakers can pursue, even if the latter are not aware of or willing to engage with the frames constructed by journalists. Finally, agenda setting captures the ability of the media to purposively influence decision-making processes through its discourse. Empirically two distinct areas of EU foreign policy are explored: the EU s approach to global climate change and its policy towards Russia. Hence, the study makes a significant contribution to the understanding of EU foreign policy and to its international actorness. Secondly, it extends in a comprehensive manner the debate regarding the crisis of legitimacy and democratic deficit in the EU to the realm of foreign policy. Finally, it also contributes to the literature on Foreign Policy Analysis which engages with the issue of democratic legitimacy.

Στη διπλωματική αυτή εργασία μελετάται η πιο απλή περίπτωση από τις νηματοποιήσεις του Hopf και παράλληλα η γεωμετρική δομή της τρισδιάστατης σφαίρας. Για το σκοπό αυτό εισάγονται οι έννοιες των κβατερνίων και βασικά στοιχεία από τη θεωρία πολλαπλοτήτων. / An introduction of the simplest Hopf fibration and an elementary study of the 3-sphere are the basic aims of this graduation thesis. Besides, quaternions and elements of manifold theory are widely used.

This dissertation explores the relationship between gender, war, and media constructions of both. Using the theoretical frameworks of the social constructions of gender and the gendered constructions of the public sphere, I have analyzed how Time magazine portrayed Condoleezza Rice and Hillary Clinton in discussions of war. Time represents mainstream mediated coverage in this case. Rice and Clinton represent women outside the normal boundaries of femininity. First, they were participants in the public sphere, which is largely male-dominated in our society. Second, both women were involved in discussions of war and foreign policy. Their participation in this area of the public sphere is a contradiction to how society expects women to act during war time. The most interesting conclusion is the way the women are linked back to the private sphere through their relationships with men. These representations align with historical theoretical definitions of the public sphere, which favor male participation and often disregard female participation. / text