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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Neural Analysis of Juvenile Songbirds : Analysis of context dependent change in the trial-by-trial variability of spiking activity recorded from song birds

Seymour, Elliot, Hussaein, Ahmad January 2021 (has links)
Previous studies have shown that it is possible for juvenile songbirds to learn songs through listening to prerecorded songs played back to them. What is not known however, is how this will differ from normal learning, both on neural level as well as on the bird as whole. In this project we have taken data from playback experiments and attempted to measure the differences in neuron spiking activity across two different contexts. Firstly, when the bird is only listening to playback recordings and secondly when the bird is listening to playback recordings on the same day as listening to a live tutor. We analysed the spiking activity with several different methods in order to establish a distinction between these contexts that could be seen across birds and across trials. The methods include analysing joint spiking events as binary spike trains, the Fano factor across trials as well as the variability of the spike rate. Our hypothesis was that the birds would learn more effectively on days when exposed to a live tutor, therefore, the playback days would show much higher and much more varied spiking data. From our results we found many cases when this hypothesis is true. However, it does not hold true for each of the birds, as some are offered similar results in either context. Therefore we believe that further study would be required to get conclusive results. Although, our results tend to favour the tutoring days it is only suggestive that this shows evidence of better learning. / Tidigare studier har visat att det är möjligt för unga sångfåglar att lära sig sånger genom att lyssna på förinspelade läten som spelas upp för dem. Vad som dock inte är känt är hur detta sätt kommer att skilja sig, jämfört med normalt lärande, både på neural nivå och på fågeln som helhet. I detta projekt har vi tagit data från ett uppspelningsexperiment och försökt mäta skillnaderna neuronspikande aktiviteter i två fall. I det första fallet lyssnar fågeln bara på inspelad fågelsång och i det andra fallet lyssnar fågeln på inspelad fågelsång samma dag som den lyssnar på en vuxen fågel som mentor. Vi analyserade spikningsaktiviteten med flera olika metoder för att finna en skillnad mellan dessa fall, som kan ses både mellan fåglar och mellan ollika försök. Metoderna inkluderar analys av gemensamma spikinghändelser som binära spiktåg, Fanofaktorn över försöken samt variationen i spikhastigheten. Vår hypotes var att fåglarna skulle lära sig mer effektivt på dagar när de utsattes för en vuxen fågel som mentor, därför skulle uppspelningsdagarna visa mycket högre och mycket mer varierad spikdata. Från våra resultat fann vi att i många fall där hypotesen är sann. Men den stämmer inte för alla fåglarna eftersom några fåglar hade liknande resultat för båda fallen. Därför tror vi att ytterligare studier krävs för att få tydliga resultat. Dock så tenderar våra resultat att gynna mentordagarna, även om det bara antyder att detta visar på bättre lärande.
2

Analysis of neurophysiological signals from the proprioceptor system of insects / Análise de sinais eletrofisiológicos do sistema proprioceptor de insetos

Lima, Daniel Rodrigues de 17 November 2016 (has links)
Proprioception is the ability to sense body position necessary for coordinate precise movements. Despite the low complexity of insect neuronal systems, scientists are studying their motor control system. Researchers performed experiments in desert locusts by stimulating their apodeme and recording the neuronal response. Previous studies reported variations in neuronal spiking rates related to acceleration, velocity and position sensitivity. Their results led us to the assumption that either there are different kinds of sensory neurons, or there is only one type of neuron responding to various Physical quantities. Therefore, this research intends to investigate the different spiking rates. We also want to study the influence of apodemes excitations in sensory neurons with information theoretical measures. However, the way signals were recorded does not allow the calculation of delayed transfer entropy (DTE) between sensory neurons. To solve that problem we propose a method to estimate parameters of connections in such scenarios. Our analysis will model the time spent between spikes with survival functions. The influence of excitation in the neuronal response will be analyzed with DTE, which will also be used to validate the methods of simulation. Results show that there is evidence to support the assumption of different spiking rates among sensory neurons. DTE suggests the existence of intermediate processing nodes between excitation and some sensory neurons. A further simulation joining the methods proposed and neuronal signals showed that models considering intermediate pathways present a good fit to the data. We suggest that the different responses of sensory neurons are not due to various types of neurons, but to a preprocessing layer. / Propriocepção é a capacidade de monitorar a posição do corpo necessária para coordenar movimentos precisos. Apesar da baixa complexidade dos sistemas neuronais de insetos, cientistas têm estudado seu controle motor. Pesquisadores realizaram experimentos em gafanhotos estimulando mecanicamente seu apódema e registrando a resposta neuronal. Estudos anteriores relatam variações nas taxas de spiking, e as relacionam com sensibilidades à aceleração, à velocidade e à posição. Seus resultados nos levaram às suposições de que ou existem diferentes tipos de neurônios sensores ou há apenas um tipo de neurônio sensível à diferentes grandezas físicas. Portanto, esta pesquisa pretende investigar as diferentes taxas de spiking e estudar a influência das excitações do apódema em neurônios sensores com medidas de teoria da informação. No entanto, a forma como os sinais foram gravados não permite calcular-se a transferência de entropia atrasada (DTE) entre neurônios sensores. Para tanto, propôs-se um método de estimação de parâmetros para ligações em tais cenários. As análises modelarão o tempo gasto entre spikings com funções de sobrevida. Além disso, a influência da excitação sobre a resposta neuronal será analisada com DTE, a qual também será utilizada para validar os métodos de simulação. Os resultados mostram que há evidências para suportar a hipótese de diferentes taxas de spiking. A DTE sugere a existência de nós intermediários (entre excitação e alguns neurônios sensoriais). Posteriormente, uma simulação juntando os métodos propostos e os sinais neuronais mostrou que modelos considerando caminhos intermediários se ajustam bem aos dados. Por fim, os resultados sugerem que as diferentes respostas de neurônios sensores não acontecem devido a diferentes tipos de neurônios, mas sim à uma camada de pré-processamento.
3

Analysis of neurophysiological signals from the proprioceptor system of insects / Análise de sinais eletrofisiológicos do sistema proprioceptor de insetos

Daniel Rodrigues de Lima 17 November 2016 (has links)
Proprioception is the ability to sense body position necessary for coordinate precise movements. Despite the low complexity of insect neuronal systems, scientists are studying their motor control system. Researchers performed experiments in desert locusts by stimulating their apodeme and recording the neuronal response. Previous studies reported variations in neuronal spiking rates related to acceleration, velocity and position sensitivity. Their results led us to the assumption that either there are different kinds of sensory neurons, or there is only one type of neuron responding to various Physical quantities. Therefore, this research intends to investigate the different spiking rates. We also want to study the influence of apodemes excitations in sensory neurons with information theoretical measures. However, the way signals were recorded does not allow the calculation of delayed transfer entropy (DTE) between sensory neurons. To solve that problem we propose a method to estimate parameters of connections in such scenarios. Our analysis will model the time spent between spikes with survival functions. The influence of excitation in the neuronal response will be analyzed with DTE, which will also be used to validate the methods of simulation. Results show that there is evidence to support the assumption of different spiking rates among sensory neurons. DTE suggests the existence of intermediate processing nodes between excitation and some sensory neurons. A further simulation joining the methods proposed and neuronal signals showed that models considering intermediate pathways present a good fit to the data. We suggest that the different responses of sensory neurons are not due to various types of neurons, but to a preprocessing layer. / Propriocepção é a capacidade de monitorar a posição do corpo necessária para coordenar movimentos precisos. Apesar da baixa complexidade dos sistemas neuronais de insetos, cientistas têm estudado seu controle motor. Pesquisadores realizaram experimentos em gafanhotos estimulando mecanicamente seu apódema e registrando a resposta neuronal. Estudos anteriores relatam variações nas taxas de spiking, e as relacionam com sensibilidades à aceleração, à velocidade e à posição. Seus resultados nos levaram às suposições de que ou existem diferentes tipos de neurônios sensores ou há apenas um tipo de neurônio sensível à diferentes grandezas físicas. Portanto, esta pesquisa pretende investigar as diferentes taxas de spiking e estudar a influência das excitações do apódema em neurônios sensores com medidas de teoria da informação. No entanto, a forma como os sinais foram gravados não permite calcular-se a transferência de entropia atrasada (DTE) entre neurônios sensores. Para tanto, propôs-se um método de estimação de parâmetros para ligações em tais cenários. As análises modelarão o tempo gasto entre spikings com funções de sobrevida. Além disso, a influência da excitação sobre a resposta neuronal será analisada com DTE, a qual também será utilizada para validar os métodos de simulação. Os resultados mostram que há evidências para suportar a hipótese de diferentes taxas de spiking. A DTE sugere a existência de nós intermediários (entre excitação e alguns neurônios sensoriais). Posteriormente, uma simulação juntando os métodos propostos e os sinais neuronais mostrou que modelos considerando caminhos intermediários se ajustam bem aos dados. Por fim, os resultados sugerem que as diferentes respostas de neurônios sensores não acontecem devido a diferentes tipos de neurônios, mas sim à uma camada de pré-processamento.

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