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The thesis presents the development of force controller to maintain desired normal forces during a very stiff contact operation conducted in a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine. Force controller approach described in this thesis requires the accurate knowledge of the nominal tool path a priori. Obtaining the nominal tool path accurately is carried out by a vision based profile tracking system presented in this thesis. Both the force control and visual profile tracking systems require the development of an active control system to respond to force and vision signals. To facilitate the active control, a two-stage approach has been taken. The first stage is to bring the CNC machine under real-time control of an external computer. The second stage is the design of the active axis controller. This is achieved by adding sensor feedback loops to the external axis controller. The purpose of the active vision based profile tracking system is to automatically generate the tool path accurately. Emphasis is on combining low resolution vision with visual control of the precision CNC machine to attain the accuracy required for metal spinning. Combination of visual profile tracking and an edge detection method that gives sub-pixel accuracy were used to obtain the required tool path. A curvature detection algorithm was developed to identify segments of the tool path by assuming that the tool path consists of circular and straight line segments. The developed active force controller operates in a dynamic setup and is used to maintain tool forces at desired levels. The complete control system operates in a manner similar to reaction compensation and the force controller can be viewed as an integrating on-off controller with minimum integral wind-up effect. As a result, a direct dependency of the control efforts on error signals has been eliminated. In addition, the force controller brings in artificial damping that ensures the stability of the control system. To demonstrate the effect of the force controller, spun component qualities were assessed.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Rhode Island, 2007 / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-184).

Cette thèse a pour thème l'incorporation de nanoparticules d'oxyde de terre rares (Erbium et Praséodyme) dans un polymère commercial, PVC, sous forme filamentaire. Ces fils sont élaborés à l'aide d'un pilote réalisé au laboratoire permettant un filage en solvant voie humide. Les nanoparticules incorporées sont d'abord commerciales (Er203) mais elles montrent des inconvénients, ce qui entraîne l'étude sur la synthèse de nanoparticules d'oxyde d'Erbium et de Praséodyme. Une fois ces particules obtenues, elles sont dispersées dans une solution de PVC/solvant. Cette solution "chargée" est pressée à travers une filière et plongée dans un bain de coagulation afin de retirer le solvant et ainsi obtenir des filaments (mono ou multi) de PVC contenant des nanoparticules d'oxyde d'Erbium/Praséodyme. Un second thème est également étudié dans cette thèse. Il s'agit de réaliser des fibres d'oxycarbure de bore et de silicium (SiBCO). Cette étude porte sur la synthèse du poly(borosiloxane) via dissolution de l'acide borique dans le dimetyldiethoxysilane (DMDES) et du méthyltriethoxysilane (MTES). Une fois le sol de borosiloxane obtenu, il est semi-hydrolysé jusqu'à obtention d'un gel filable par extrusion à froid. Ces filaments sont enroulés sur des bobines graphite. Les bobines sont laissées à l'étuve à 60°C pour terminer l'hydrolyse avant de les pyrolysées sous argon à haute température pour afin de les transformer en fibres céramiques SiBCO. / This thesis focuses on the main theme of the incorporation of nanoparticles of rare earth oxide (Erbium and Praseodymium) in a commercial polymer, PVC, shaped as filaments. These fibers are made using a apparatus developped in the laboratory. The spinning method used is a wet solvent spinning process. Embedded nanoparticles are first commercial particles (Er203) but they show disadvantages, which leads to a study of synthesis of oxide nanoparticles Erbium and Praseodymium in the laboratory. This study bings to a production a laboratory pilot (KiloLab) in order to obtain 3Kg of nanoparticles composed with 60 wt% of Erbium oxide and 40 wt% of Praseodymium xide. Once these particles obtained, it have been dispersed in a solution of PVC/solvent. This "loaded" solution of nanoparticles is presses through a spinneret for the shaping. The filaments are spun in a coagulation bath in order to remove the solvent from the solution and obtain the PVC filaments (mono or multi) containing the nanoparticles of Erbium or Praseodymium oxide.A second theme is also studied in this thesis, the realization of oxicarbide boron and silicon fibers (SiBOC). This study focuses on the synthesis and conditions to obtain a poly(borosiloxane) polymer. This polymer is obtained by the synthesis of the dimetyldiethoxysilane (DMDES), méthyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and the boric acid which bring the hetero atom of boron in the final ceramic. Once the sol of borosiloxane obtained, it is semi-hydrolysed until obtention af a gel that can be spun by extrusion at ambiant temperature. The filament are wrapped around a graphite bobbin. The shaped polymer is then leaved in a stove at 60°C for a week allowing to complete the hydrolysis.Once the hydrolysis complete and the polymer fully hydrolyses, the fibers are pyrolysed under argon at high temperature to transform the fiber into ceramic fibers of SiBOC.

Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / Silk fibers from arthropods possess several favorable properties for biomedical applications, including high mechanical strength and biocompatibility. However, the majority of silk fiber production is currently limited to manipulation of cocoons from the Bombyxmori silkworm. The efficiency of the process can be increased by dissolving waste silk threads and using artificial spinning techniques to spin the proteins back into usable fibers. Once an artificial spinning technique has been perfected, it may be possible to use similar designs to spin recombinant silk proteins into threads with more favorable mechanical properties. The first step towards customizable silk is to artificially spin silk protein into fibers with comparable properties to naturally-derived silk threads. Current microfluidic devices are limited to spinning B. mori silk into weak, poorly-formed fibers. The incorporation of silk gland-like ion gradients and high shear stress into current and novel microfluidic devices is theorized to improve mechanical properties of resultant spun silk. To this end, ion gradients were added to the current microfluidic device. In addition, a novel microfluidic device was developed to increase shear stress. After investigating the individual effects of ion gradients and shear stress on the silk spinning process, an integrated microfluidic device was designed to investigate the combined effects. Computational models of the flow within each microfluidic device were generated and used to predict biomimetic design parameters. Measurements of fiber diameter and pH within the microfluidic devices were collected to verify the accuracy of the computational models. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and mechanical testing measurements were collected to characterize and compare resultant fibers. From these results, relationships were found between the incorporation of ion gradients and shear stress into the spinning process and the properties of the fibers produced. / 2031-01-01

Orientador: Rafael Zadorosny / Resumo: As propriedades diferenciadas de materiais nanoestruturados, provenientes do efeito de escala, tem chamado muita atenção nos últimos anos. Tais características, fazem desses materiais propícios para o emprego em nanoeletrônica, nanofiltração, engenharia tecidual e outros. Isso, aliado a miniaturização dos dispositivos, tem gerado uma grande demanda por materiais com características aprimoradas, desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de produção e aprimoramento das já existentes, tudo isso associado a um menor custo de produção e uma maior produtividade. Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo sobre o emprego da técnica de “Solution Blow-spinning” (SBS) na produção de nano e microfios supercondutores dos sistemas cerâmicos (TR)BCO e BSCCO. Esta recente técnica tem se destacado por apresentar maior taxa de produção, baixo custo e fácil implementação quando comparado com técnicas já consolidadas. Primeiramente foram produzidas fibras de PVP puro onde foi possível extrair informações referentes às variáveis de produção tais como: taxa de injeção, pressão do ar, distância de trabalho e escolha do diâmetro da agulha interna. Em seguida, a produção dos nano/microfios de YBa2Cu3O7- δ (YBCO) obtidos por SBS revelaram detalhes referente à produtividade, reprodutibilidade e das características morfológicas dos fios cerâmicos obtidos com o emprego da referida técnica. Posteriormente, as melhores condições de síntese observadas na produção do YBCO foram utilizadas na obtenção dos nano/microfios... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The single properties presented by nanostructured materials is due to a scale effect and have been attracted much attention in recent years. Such characteristics make these materials suitable for applications in nanoelectronics, nanofiltration, tissue engineering and so on. These issues coupled with the miniaturization of the devices, have generated a great demand for materials with improved characteristics, development of new production techniques and improvement of the existing ones. All such things are associated with lower production costs and higher productivity. In this work is presented a study focused on the use of the "Solution Blow-spinning" technique (SBS) in the production of superconducting nano and microwires of the ceramic systems (TR)BCO and BSCCO. This new technique has payed attention due to its higher production rate, low cost and easy implementation when compared to other consolidated techniques. First, pure PVP fibers were produced to obtain information related to the production variables such as: injection rate, air pressure, working distance and choice of the internal needle diameter. Then, the production of nano/microwires of YBa2Cu3O7- δ (YBCO), obtained by SBS, revealed details regarding the productivity, reproducibility and morphological characteristics of the ceramic wires. Consequently, the best synthesis conditions were used to obtain the GdBa2Cu3O7- δ (GdBCO) and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (BSCCO) superconducting nanowires. Finally, SEM analysis confirmed ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Submitted by MAYCON ROTTA null (maycon.rotta@ifms.edu.br) on 2018-03-02T00:23:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maycon rotta_Tese.pdf: 4933056 bytes, checksum: 41743cf4709dbf478bee8fb5876fed76 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-03-02T13:47:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rotta_m_dr_ilha.pdf: 4933056 bytes, checksum: 41743cf4709dbf478bee8fb5876fed76 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-02T13:47:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rotta_m_dr_ilha.pdf: 4933056 bytes, checksum: 41743cf4709dbf478bee8fb5876fed76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As propriedades diferenciadas de materiais nanoestruturados, provenientes do efeito de escala, tem chamado muita atenção nos últimos anos. Tais características, fazem desses materiais propícios para o emprego em nanoeletrônica, nanofiltração, engenharia tecidual e outros. Isso, aliado a miniaturização dos dispositivos, tem gerado uma grande demanda por materiais com características aprimoradas, desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de produção e aprimoramento das já existentes, tudo isso associado a um menor custo de produção e uma maior produtividade. Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo sobre o emprego da técnica de “Solution Blow-spinning” (SBS) na produção de nano e microfios supercondutores dos sistemas cerâmicos (TR)BCO e BSCCO. Esta recente técnica tem se destacado por apresentar maior taxa de produção, baixo custo e fácil implementação quando comparado com técnicas já consolidadas. Primeiramente foram produzidas fibras de PVP puro onde foi possível extrair informações referentes às variáveis de produção tais como: taxa de injeção, pressão do ar, distância de trabalho e escolha do diâmetro da agulha interna. Em seguida, a produção dos nano/microfios de YBa2Cu3O7- δ (YBCO) obtidos por SBS revelaram detalhes referente à produtividade, reprodutibilidade e das características morfológicas dos fios cerâmicos obtidos com o emprego da referida técnica. Posteriormente, as melhores condições de síntese observadas na produção do YBCO foram utilizadas na obtenção dos nano/microfios supercondutores de GdBa2Cu3O7- δ (GdBCO)e Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (BSCCO). Por fim, as análises de MEV confirmaram a obtenção de nano/microfios de YBCO com diâmetro médio de 359 nm e, para GdBCO e BSCCO, de 531 nm e 635 nm respectivamente. A obtenção das fases cerâmicas supercondutoras é mostrada nas análises de DRX. Medidas magnéticas AC e DC mostraram a transição de fase normal/supercondutora com Tc ~ 92 K para o YBCO, Tc ~ 93 K para o GdBCO e de Tc ~ 80 K para o BSCCO. / The single properties presented by nanostructured materials is due to a scale effect and have been attracted much attention in recent years. Such characteristics make these materials suitable for applications in nanoelectronics, nanofiltration, tissue engineering and so on. These issues coupled with the miniaturization of the devices, have generated a great demand for materials with improved characteristics, development of new production techniques and improvement of the existing ones. All such things are associated with lower production costs and higher productivity. In this work is presented a study focused on the use of the "Solution Blow-spinning" technique (SBS) in the production of superconducting nano and microwires of the ceramic systems (TR)BCO and BSCCO. This new technique has payed attention due to its higher production rate, low cost and easy implementation when compared to other consolidated techniques. First, pure PVP fibers were produced to obtain information related to the production variables such as: injection rate, air pressure, working distance and choice of the internal needle diameter. Then, the production of nano/microwires of YBa2Cu3O7- δ (YBCO), obtained by SBS, revealed details regarding the productivity, reproducibility and morphological characteristics of the ceramic wires. Consequently, the best synthesis conditions were used to obtain the GdBa2Cu3O7- δ (GdBCO) and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (BSCCO) superconducting nanowires. Finally, SEM analysis confirmed the production of nanoscale YBCO with average diameter of 359 nm and, for GdBCO and BSCCO, of 531 nm and 635 nm, respectively. The formation of the desired phases of the superconducting ceramic was confirmed by XRD analyzes. AC and DC magnetic measurements showed the normal/superconducting phase transition with Tc ~ 92 K for YBCO, Tc ~ 93 K for GdBCO and Tc ~ 80 K for BSCCO. / 1459610

Orientador: José Antonio Malmonge / Resumo: Micro e nanofibras poliméricas têm despertado grande interesse de pesquisadores devido as suas potencialidades em diversas aplicações, atribuídas principalmente à grande área superficial destes materiais em associação com as propriedades dos polímeros. Uma das técnicas utilizadas para produção de micro e nanofibras é a solution blow spinning (SBS), ou fiação por sopro em solução. Neste trabalho foram obtidas microfibras de blendas de Poli(fluoreto de Vinilideno) (PVDF) e Poli(o-metoxianilina) (POMA), com a POMA em seu estado dopado e não dopado, pela técnica SBS. Para a dopagem da POMA foi utilizado o ácido p-toluenosulfônico (TSA). Obteve-se mantas com concentrações de PVDF/POMA-TSA de até 85/15 (m/mtotal), e de até 90/10 (m/mtotal) para PVDF/POMA. Foi possível observar a partir das imagens de MEV que os diâmetros médios das fibras diminuíram com o aumento da concentração de POMA, chegando a 0,22 µm para a maior proporção. Essa variação no diâmetro das microfibras é atribuído a variação da viscosidade da solução que diminui com o conteúdo da POMA na blenda. Os difratogramas de raios X indicaram que tanto a fase α quanto a fase β do PVDF foram obtidas no processo de fiação tanto para o PVDF puro bem como para a blendas, mostrando que o conteúdo de POMA na blenda não altera a fase do PVDF. A condutividade elétrica das fibras aumentou significativamente com a porcentagem de POMA (dopada) na blenda, elevando os valores em até 8 ordens de grandeza e atingindo uma condutividade ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Micro and polymeric nanofiber have arisen great interest of researchers because of their potential in various applications, mainly attributed to the large surface area of these materials in association to the properties of polymers and polymer blends. One of the techniques used for producing micro and nanofibres is the solution blow spinning (SBS). In this study microfibers of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly (o-methoxyaniline) (POMA) blends were obtained, with POMA in its doped and undoped state, by SBS technique. For POMA doping it was used p-toluenesulfonic acid (TSA). Mats with PVDF / POMA-TSA concentrations of 85/15 (m /mtotal), and up to 90/10 (m /mtotal) to PVDF / POMA were obtained. It was possible to observe from SEM images that the average fiber diameters decreased with increasing concentration of POMA, reaching 0,22μm at the highest proportion. The X-ray diffractograms showed that both α phase and β phase of PVDF were obtained in the spinning process. Such phases didn’t have their formation affected by the variations on the bend concentration. The electrical conductivity of the fibers increased significantly with the percentage of POMA (doped) in the blend, increasing values up to 108 orders of magnitude and reaching a conductivity of about 10-4 S/cm for the mats of PVDF/POMA on the reason 85/15. Furthermore, the mats of the blend showed good thermal stability up to the temperature of 200 °C. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:49:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo5263_1.pdf: 10272836 bytes, checksum: 6b376d934755a2dba22f7fba5ee09e14 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Foi descoberto um sistema mel-spinning para produção de fitas metálicas. O sistema consiste essencialmente de um forno de radio-freqüência, operando com 8kVA de potência e em 450 kHz, o qual é utilizado para fundir a liga precursora e um volante de cobre usado para resfriamento da liga fundida...