The real estate sector in Sweden accounts for a significant share of energy consumption andgreenhouse gas emissions in society. The increased electrification, driven by factors such asdigitalization and the use of electric cars, further contributes to the industry's climate impact.However, there are opportunities for property owners to effectively manage electricityconsumption and reduce the negative climate impact. Managing power peaks, which occurduring periods of high electricity consumption, is crucial to reduce strain on the power gridand the use of fossil fuels. It is also a key factor in achieving international sustainability goalssuch as Agenda 2030 and the Paris Agreement. Reducing peak loads can also lead to lowerelectricity costs for buildings. The purpose of this study has been to investigate the challenges and opportunities for reducingpeak power demand at KTH Campus in Östermalm, Stockholm, and to examine theenvironmental and economic benefits that can be achieved through this. Using data providedby the real estate company Akademiska Hus, an overview of the overall electricity consumptionat KTH Campus was conducted. In addition, potential measures to reduce peak power demandand finding common incentives for tenants and property owners for implementing suchinvestments were investigated through a qualitative study. The results of the study show that there are measures that property owners can take to reducepower peaks. The suggested measures include both technical investments and influencing andchanging tenants' electricity consumption. The analysis of electricity usage for the study objectrevealed that the hour that primarily should be assessed is 12:00 PM, when the highest numberof power peaks occur. Additionally, potential measures such as upgrading ventilation systemsand optimising the use of laboratory fume hoods were identified to reduce electricityconsumption and, in turn, power peaks at KTH Campus. Improved data utilisation andtransparent knowledge sharing between tenants and property owners can be key tosuccessfully reducing power peaks. Challenges in implementing the proposed measuresinvolve changing tenants' behaviour and managing split incentives between the landlord andtenant. The focus of this study was to analyse existing data on power load distribution andcomprehend it through interviews with experts within the field. Another way of conducting asimilar type of study on how to reduce power peaks could be to develop different strategiesfor analysing data or gathering alternative data. / Den svenska fastighetssektorn står för en betydande andel av energiförbrukningen ochutsläppen av växthusgaser i samhället. Ökad elektrifiering, drivet av faktorer som digitaliseringoch användning av elbilar, bidrar ytterligare till branschens klimatpåverkan. Det finnsemellertid möjligheter för fastighetsägare att effektivt hantera elförbrukningen och minskaden negativa klimatpåverkan. Att hantera effekttoppar, som uppstår under perioder med högelförbrukning, är avgörande för att minska belastningen på elnätet och användningen avfossila bränslen. Det är också en viktig faktor för att uppnå internationella hållbarhetsmål somAgenda 2030 och Parisavtalet. Minskade effekttoppar kan även leda till lägre elkostnader förbyggnader. Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka utmaningar och möjligheter att minskaeffekttoppar i elförbrukningen på KTH Campus på Östermalm, Stockholm, och att undersökade miljömässiga och ekonomiska fördelarna som kan uppnås genom detta. Med hjälp av datafrån fastighetsbolaget Akademiska Hus genomfördes en kartläggning av den totalaelförbrukningen vid KTH Campus. Dessutom undersöktes potentiella åtgärder för att minskaeffekttoppar och att hitta gemensamma incitament för hyresgäster och fastighetsägare attimplementera sådana investeringar genom en kvalitativ studie. Resultaten av studien visar att det finns åtgärder som fastighetsägare kan vidta för att minskaeffekttopparna. De föreslagna åtgärderna inkluderar både tekniska investeringar och påverkansamt förändring av hyresgästers elförbrukning. Analysen av elförbrukningen för studieobjektetvisade att timmen som i huvudsak bör beaktas är kl. 12:00, då flest effekttoppar förekommer.Dessutom identifierades potentiella åtgärder som uppgradering av ventilationssystem ochoptimering av användningen av dragskåp i labb för att minska elförbrukningen och därmedäven effekttopparna vid KTH Campus. Förbättrad användning av data och transparentkunskapsdelning mellan hyresgäster och fastighetsägare är också potentiella lösningar för attfrämja investeringar i energieffektivitet. Utmaningar med att implementera de föreslagnaåtgärderna innefattar att ändra hyresgästers beteende och hantera delade incitament mellanfastighetsägare och hyresgäster. Fokus för denna studie var att analysera data över effektförbrukningen på KTH och skapaförståelse genom intervjuer med kunniga inom området. Ett annat sätt att genomföra enliknande studie om hur man minskar effekttoppar skulle kunna vara att utveckla olikastrategier för att analysera data eller samla alternativ data.

Energy efficiency is an important question to society as well as to individuals and firms. Improving energy efficiency in the building sector is considered an important means to climate mitigation. For real estate owners energy is also a central expenditure item and reducing energy consumption may directly reduce operation costs while at the same time serve as insurance against future energy price increases. Since new buildings only add a few percent annually to the building stock, the potential to reduce total energy consumption primarily lies within the existing building stock. The building stock is ageing and the post-war part of the stock that is in need of renovation is growing. This has been suggested as a window of opportunity to improve energy efficiency, but so far the results have been few. Several factors have been put forward to explain the so called energy efficiency gap – the difference between actual and optimal energy efficiency – one of which is split incentives. What adds to complexity in this case is that distinct differences have been observed in the level of ambition between the real estate companies that have renovated so far. Some companies have undertaken extensive renovation and energy efficiency measures, whereas other companies have done little more than urgent maintenance measures. It seems that real estate owners in general don´t have strong economic incentives to improve energy efficiency in connection to renovation – but what can then explain the differences between strategies? This licentiate thesis examines the incentives among real estate owners to improve energy efficiency, particularly in post-war, multi-family buildings in need of renovation. The purpose is to add knowledge about decisions concerning measures that improve energy efficiency - in terms of incentives, barriers and different motives for real estate owners’ strategies and actions. Results show that real estate owners lack strong economic incentives to invest in energy efficiency in multi-family buildings and the level of investment is dependent on the different motivations, grouped in three levels of ambition, that real estate companies have. One important conclusion is that the heterogeneity between companies that was exposed in the interviews and survey implies that they will not respond similarly to policy stimuli. The heterogeneity should thus be considered when designing policy measures so that public and company resources can be allocated as efficiently as possible, as there are many challenges facing owners of post-war residential buildings. Another conclusion is that from an economic point of view it is important to take the interaction between different measures into account, e.g. between physical measures and measures focusing on changing household behavior. / QC 20110630