Göttingen, Universiẗat, Diss., 2001.

Orientador: Antonio de Goes / Banca: Edson Luiz Furtado / Banca: Kátia Cristina Kupper / Banca: Rita de Cássia Panizzi / Banca: Jaime Maia dos Santos / Resumo: A mancha preta dos citros (MPC) doença causada pelo fungo Guignardia citricarpa Kiely [anamorfo: Phyllosticta citricarpa (McAlp.)Van der Aa], deprecia comercialmente os frutos, causando sua queda prematura e elevando o custo de produção. Até o presente momento, informações acerca da etiologia da doença são escassas. Portanto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos: (i) criar metodologias alternativas de obtenção da estrutura reprodutiva do fungo em laboratório; (ii) observar a taxa de germinação in vitro de conídios do fungo; (iii) estudar a influência da poda de plantas cítricas no campo sobre a expressão de sintomas de falsa melanose; (iv) e, a relação entre a presença de sintomas de ácaro da falsa ferrugem e sintomas do tipo mancha trincada em frutos cítricos. De maneira geral, tanto pseudotécios quanto ascósporos foram obtidos em maior número quando da utilização da metodologia de discos foliares autoclavados, bem como a maior expressão dos sintomas mediante inoculações através desta metodologia. Com os resultados obtidos, pode-se afirmar que através da realização de práticas culturais como a poda dos ramos secos, bem como o controle do ácaro da falsa ferrugem, o progresso da MPC no campo é reduzido. / Abstract: Citrus black spot (CBS) disease caused by the fungus Guignardia citricarpa Kiely [anamorph: Phyllosticta citricarpa (McAlp.)Van der Aa], depreciates the fruit comercially, causing its premature fall and elevating production cost. Until the present moment, there is a lack of informations about the etiology of the disease. Therefore, the aim of the present work was: (i) create alternative methodologies to obtain reproductive structures on laboratory; (ii) observe the in vitro conidia germination rate; (iii) study the influence of the harvest of citric plants on the expression of false melanose symptoms; (iv) and the relation between the expression of symptoms of citrus rust mite on the presence of cracked spot symptoms. Both pseudothecia and ascospores were obtained in larger rate when using autoclavated leave discs, and also the larger expression of symptoms on inoculations made by this method. By the results obtained, it can be afirmed that the harvest of dead twigs, and the control of the citrus rust mite, the progress of CBS on field is reduced. / Doutor

No description available.

Tan spot, caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr), is a major foliar disease in wheat. QTL mapping and meta-QTL analysis are effective methods to understand genetic basis of tan spot resistance, which can further facilitate resistant variety development. A number of QTL mapping studies have been conducted in hexaploid bread wheat whereas few mapping studies have been carried out in tetraploid wheat. Four interconnected tetraploid wheat mapping populations were evaluated for resistance to race 2 isolate 86-124. Twelve QTL were identified in three of the four mapping populations. To further extend understanding of tan spot resistance, meta-QTL analysis was conducted by using reported QTL from 14 previous QTL mapping studies. Three meta-QTL located on chromosomes 2A, 3B, and 5A showed large genetic effects in multiple populations and conferred resistance to multiple races. Integrating those race-nonspecific QTL could provide high and stable tan spot resistance in wheat.

No description available.

Submitted by BELISA CRISTINA SAITO null (belisasaito@gmail.com) on 2017-04-20T18:20:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Belisa Saito.pdf: 1868613 bytes, checksum: 40d639682537f01c2cc01e7a92791445 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-04-25T17:59:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 saito_bc_dr_ilha.pdf: 1868613 bytes, checksum: 40d639682537f01c2cc01e7a92791445 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-25T17:59:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 saito_bc_dr_ilha.pdf: 1868613 bytes, checksum: 40d639682537f01c2cc01e7a92791445 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O milho é uma das culturas mais extensamente cultivadas em todo mundo. A incidência e a severidade de doenças têm aumentado significativamente nos últimos anos acarretando perdas no rendimento e afetando a qualidade dos grãos. Muitos trabalhos têm sido desenvolvidos na tentativa de identificar híbridos resistentes às principais doenças que acometem a cultura do milho, mas poucos são os relatos de estudos com linhagens. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi: 1) identificar linhagens resistentes e susceptíveis com base na área abaixo da curva de progresso de doenças (AACPD) para os sintomas de ferrugem tropical (TR), ferrugem polissora (SR), cercosporiose (GLS), helmintosporiose (NLB), mancha marrom (PBS) e mancha branca (PLS); 2) identificar linhagens resistentes e suscetíveis com base nos parâmetros de adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica para os sintomas de cercosporiose, helmintosporiose, mancha marrom e mancha branca; 3) identificar as melhores datas de semeadura, com a maior ocorrência das doenças, para fins de avaliação de linhagens e outros genótipos para resistência. Cinquenta linhagens, derivadas de populações com grãos flint e dent, foram avaliadas em blocos casualizados com três repetições, aos 45, 60, 75 e 90 dias após a semeadura em duas épocas, para medição da AACPD. Para a análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade, 41 linhagens foram avaliadas em blocos casualizados com três repetições, 30 dias após o florescimento feminino, em onze épocas de semeadura, usando o método de análise de regressão. Foram atribuídas notas de 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 e 9 correspondendo a 0, 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 e > 80% de área foliar com sintomas de doença. Para a AACPD, a análise de variância conjunta foi significativa para TR, SR, GLS e PLS e a interação linhagens x épocas foi significativa para ferrugem tropical e polissora. Para GLS e NLB as 41 linhagens foram classificadas como resistentes, sendo que as maiores severidades de doenças ocorreram nas semeaduras entre Junho e Setembro. As linhagens IVF1-3, IVF1-7, IVF1 -9, IVF1-10, IVF1 -11, IVF1 -25, IVF1-230, IVD1-2, IVD1 -2-1, IVD1-3, IVD1-9, IVD1 -12, 2F, 3F, 6F, 9F, 10F, 4C, 2D e 7D foram classificadas como resistentes para as doenças estudadas, sendo indicadas para o desenvolvimento de sintéticos. Para a mancha marrom e mancha branca, as semeaduras de Abril, Junho, Julho e Agosto apresentaram maiores severidades de doenças. As linhagens IVD1-9, IVD1-10, 7D, 10D e 2F podem ser indicadas no desenvolvimento de sintéticos resistentes. / Corn is one of the most widely cultivated crops in the worldwide. The incidence and severity of diseases affecting crops have increased significantly in the past years, leading to yield losses and affecting grain quality. Many studies have been carried out with the attempt to identify hybrids that are resistant to the main diseases, but few reports have studied inbred lines. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: 1) identify resistant and susceptible inbred lines based on the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) for tropical rust, southern rust, gray leaf spot, northern leaf blight, physoderma brown spot and phaeosphaeria leaf spot; 2) identify resistant and susceptible inbred lines based on adaptability and stability parameters for symptoms of gray leaf spot (GLS), northern leaf blight (NLB), physoderma brown spot (PBS) and phaeosphaeria leaf spot (PLS); 3) identify the best planting dates, with the highest occurrence of diseases, for the purpose of evaluating inbred lines and other genotypes for resistance. For AUDPC, fifty inbred lines, derived from populations with flint and dent grains, were evaluated in randomized block designs with three replications, at 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after planting in two seasons. For the analysis of adaptability and stability, forty-one inbred lines were evaluated in randomized blocks with three replications, 30 days after silking, in eleven planting dates, using regression analysis method. The scale of scores from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 corresponding to 0, 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 and > 80% of leaf area with disease symptoms was used. For AUDPC, the joint analysis of variance was significant for TR, SR, GLS and PLS, while the interaction inbred lines x environments, was significant for TR and SR. For GLS and NLB, forty-one inbred lines were classified as resistant and the highest severities of diseases occurred in planting dates between June and September. The inbred lines IVF1-3, IVF1-7, IVF1 -9, IVF1-10, IVF1 -11, IVF1 -25, IVF1-230, IVD1-2, IVD1 -2-1, IVD1-3, IVD1-9, IVD1 -12, 2F, 3F, 6F, 9F, 10F, 4C, 2D and 7D were classified as resistant to the diseases studied and are indicated to produce synthetics. For PBS and PLS, the plating dates of April, June, July and August showed higher disease severity. The inbred lines IVD1-9, IVD1-10, 7D,10D and 2F may be indicated to produce synthetics.

No description available.

No description available.

Eco Log AB i Söderhamn är en tillverkare av skogsmaskiner. De tillverkar både skotare och skördare. På deras skördare sitter fyra pendelarmar som ersätter hjulupphängningen på fordonet. Dessa motverkar att fordonet lutar vid körning i sluttningar. Varje pendelarm drivs av en hydraulkolv som justerar nivelleringen. Då inga beräkningar med avseende på utmattning och livslängd genomförts sedan en omkonstruktion av pendelarmarna är det nödvändigt att analysera och utvärdera pendelarmarna. Syftet med examensarbetet är att analysera ett antal, maximalt tre, av pendelarmens svetsfogar med avsikt på utmattning. Jämförelse mellan de tre olika utvärderingsmetoderna Effective notch stress, Nominell spänning och Hot spot kommer genomföras. På begäran av Eco Log redovisas ej några värden på beräknade livslängder och spänningar utan endast en jämförelse mellan de olika metoderna redovisas där Nominella spännings-metoden används som referensvärde. En inledande spänningsanalys på en pendelarm på deras största skördare, Eco Log 590D, genomfördes. Denna analys, där endast en förenklad pendelarm användes, visade att det mest belastade svetsförbandet befann sig i nivå med infästningen av lagret i ytterlådans konstruktion. Detta svetsförband analyserades sedan vidare med avseende på utmattning. De mer noggranna utmattningsanalyserna baserades på tre olika utvärderingsmetoder för spänningar, Hot spot-, Effective notch stress- och Nominella spännings-metoden. Hot spot-metoden inkluderar membranspänningar och böjspänningar för det utvalda svetsförbandet. Effective notch stress inkluderar mebramspänningar, böjspänningar och den olinjära spänningstoppen för att kunna analysera spänningskoncentrationer i svetsrot eller tå. Nominella spänningar inkluderar normalspänningar. Genom att modellera det utvalda svetsförbandet med dessa tre metoder erhölls information om den maximala spänningsvidden. Denna spänningsvidd applicerades sedan i en arbetsgång för utmattningsberäkningar där en livslängd beräknades fram. Denna livslängd blev för Nominella och Effective notch-metoden blev densamma och för Hot spot-metoden blev den dubbelt så lång. Denna beräkningsgång baseras på International Institute of Welding.Denna beräknade livslängd var betydligt mindre än vad Eco Log hade förväntat sig. Dock är osäkerheten vid beräkningar och test med avseende på utmattning stor och därav borde även provning genomföras för att säkerställa livslängden. / Eco Log AB is a manufacturer of forestry equipment. They manufacture both forwarders and harvesters. On their harvesters there are four pendulum arms that replace the suspension on their vehicles. The pendulum arms anti tilts the vehicle when driving in slopes. Every pendulum arm is individually driven by hydraulic cylinders that adjust the leveling. Given that no calculations with respect to fatigue and service life since a redesign were made, analysis and evaluation of the pendulum arm was necessary. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze an number of, maximum three, of the pendulums welds with respect to fatigue. Comparison between three different evaluation methods Effective notch stress, Nominal stress and Hot spot will be conducted. On request from Eco Log no values regarding calculated service lifetime and stress will be presented, only a comparison between the different methods were the Nominal stress-method is used as reference. An initial stress analysis on the pendulum arm on their largest harvester, the Eco Log 590D, was conducted. This analysis, which only used a simplified pendulum arm, indicated that the most load carrying load were located at the attachment of the bearing thus on the outer box-constructuib. This welded joint was then further analyzed with respect to fatigue. These fatigue analysis was based on three different evaluation methods, Hot spot-, Effective notch stress- and Nominal stress-method. The Hot spot method includes membrane stress and bending stress for the selected weld. Effective notch stress includes membrane stress, bending stress and the nonlinear stress peak in order to analyze stress concentration in the weld root and weld toe. Nominell stress includes normal stresses. By constructing the selected welded joint with these three evaluation methods, information regarding the maximal stress range was given. This stress range was then applied to a specific working procedure for fatigue calculations were the results obtained in expected service-life. The service-life for the Nominal and Effective notch stress-method were almost identic meanwhile for the Hot spot-method the service-life was twice as long. This working procedure is based on the International Institute of Welding. This calculated service-life were significantly less than what Eco Log had expected. The uncertainty of calculation for fatigue is however big and therefore testing should also be carried out to ensure the service life of pendulum arm.

The purpose of this study is to analyze baseball collision by using finite element method, and investigate batting effect on the sweet spot on the bat and then change the baseball geometry parameter. In addition, the researcher would like to investigate the effect of flight on batted ball by changing swing parameter. LS-DYNA is used to simulate collision on the different position on the bat after using SolidWorks to build modal, then compare the results to locate the exact position of sweet spot on the bat. By building different weight, length and radius of bat barrel, and simulate collision individually, the researcher wishes to investigate the influence of changing bat geometry parameter to batting effect on sweet spot. At last changing the undercut distance and bat swing angle, two of the swing parameter, to simulate collision, and the results of collision are used to get flight trajectory by numerical method, then analyze the influence of changing swing parameter to batted ball range. This study can provide bat geometry characteristic, swing information, and a reference for choosing a baseball bat, even help adjust batting feel for the batter.