Analysis of Appalachian Spring, Rodeo, and Billy the Kid

This diploma thesis studies the use of air springs for race car, precisely Formula Student race car. Research part of the thesis deals with choosing suitable air spring for given application. In practical part, there is computation of parameters for appropriate setting of air spring, so it will comply with the rules of Formula Student. There is also simulation of air spring functionality in real use.

Vill man bygga en API tjänst idag existerar det en mängd olika ramverk att välja mellan, varav några av dessa använder reaktiva system. Denna teknik tillåter värden att använda sina resurser på ett mycket mer effektivt sätt än med de icke reaktiva ramverken. Två ramverk som kan användas för att utnyttja denna teknik är Spring Boot och Quarkus. Spring Boot är ett väl etablerat API ramverk med mycket inbyggd funktionalitet som hjälper utvecklare att bygga robusta API tjänster. Quarkus å andra sidan är ett nyare ramverk med fokus på att vara en liten och lätt API som är främst för containers. Även fast dom fokuserar på olika saker borde dom i slutet presentera på samma nivå och ge snarlika resultat. Målet med denna studie är att jämföra reaktiva API tjänster med icke-reaktiva API tjänster med hjälp av Spring Boot och Quarkus. Samt svara på frågor om vilket ramverk och teknik som är den bästa för olika scenarion. För att få kunskap om ämnet om reaktiva system gjordes det först en teoretisk studie för att veta vad som definierar ett reaktivt system samt vad som krävs av operativsystemet för att exekvera en sådan tjänst. För att kunna utföra jämförelsen byggdes det en reaktiv samt icke-reaktiv variant av de två olika ramverken som ger totalt fyra applikationer att jämföra. Flera olika tester var byggda och exekverade på de fyra olika applikationerna. Resultaten visade att reaktivt Quarkus var överlägsen jämfört med de andra applikationer när storleken på transaktionerna var små. I de fall att transaktionerna var stora eller behövdes behandlas var istället Spring Boot bättre. Jämförelsen av CPU- och minnesanvändning resulterade i att reaktivt Quarkus använder både mindre minne och använder mindre CPU. / As technology evolves, more and more companies strive to automate as much work as possible. The use of chatbots in messaging apps is becoming more and more common as replacements in the operation of customer service because of the efficiency and reliability it poses. Replacing customer service with chatbots also saves companies money. In this paper an IT company have asked for the implementation and proof of concept of integration between their server-side application, to Microsoft Teams. They want it to be possible to use a chatbot in Teams to send tickets containing data to their system in order to be handled by users of their application. In this paper a solution to this problem is described as well as discussions about the chosen implementation. The discussion is focused on the final solution, user tests, related work, ethical issues as well as future work. User tests of the implemented solution are included in the results. The conclusion of the work is that this implementation is useful and saves time and effort both for the customer and the employees. There is much potential for future work to be expanded upon, including specialized Ticket Forms and implemented AI.

Mikrotjänstarkitektur är den senaste trenden inom mjukvaruutveckling som gör det möjligt att bygga komplexa system från mindre tjänster utformade för att vara självförsörjande och fokuserade på en specifik affärsfunktionalitet. Dessa kan utvecklas, testas, driftsättas och skalas oberoende av varandra, vilket gör att team kan vara mer autonoma och leverera värde till kunder snabbare. Bolagsverket är i processen att övergå till en arkitektur baserad på mikrotjänster men dess långa historia av omfattande end-to-end-tester som är komplexa att sätta upp, långsamma att köra och kräver mycket resurser gör det svårt att testa att integrationerna fortsätter att fungera efter att ändringar har införts. Contract testing underlättar denna verifiering. Studien implementerar Consumer-Driven förhållningssättet till tekniken med ramverken Pact och Spring Cloud Contract med syftet att undersöka hur integrationen mellan två tjänster som kommunicerar via ett REST API kan testas isolerat, samtidigt som man säkerställer att de kommer att fortsätta att interagera som förväntas när den faktiska integrationen testas. De kvantitativa och kvalitativa resultaten från fem semistrukturerade intervjuer visar att Bolagsverket i genomsnitt skulle kunna minska tiden det tar att leverera en funktion med 24 %, öka frekvensen av distribution med 42 % och minska infrastrukturkostnader med 52 %. Det här skulle göra det möjligt att ersätta end-to-end tester tidigt i utvecklingscykeln med kontraktstester och att ha en enda testmiljö med fullständiga integrationer innan driftsättning till produktion. Tekniken har emellertid vissa inneboende kostnader och garanterar i sig inte alla fördelar med en mikrotjänstarkitektur / Microservices architecture are the latest trend in software development enabling to build complex systems from smaller services designed to be self-sufficient and focused on a specific business functionality. These can be developed, tested, deployed, and scaled independently, allowing teams to be more autonomous and deliver value to customers faster. The Swedish Companies Registration Office, Bolagsverket, is in the process of transitioning toward a microservices architecture but its long history of extensive reliance on end-to-end tests that are complex to set up, slow to run, and require plenty of resources makes it difficult to test that the integrations continue to work after changes are introduced. Contract testing facilitates such verification. The study implements the Consumer-Driven approach to this technique with the frameworks Pact and Spring Cloud Contract with the objective of investigating how the integration between two services communicating via a REST API can be tested in isolation, while ensuring that they will continue to interact as expected when the actual integration is tested. The quantitative and qualitative results from five semi-structured interviews show that, on average, the agency could decrease the time it takes to deliver a feature by 24%, increase the deployment frequency by 42%, and reduce infrastructural expenses by 52%. This would allow to replace end-toend tests early in the development cycle with contract tests, and to have a sole test environment with complete integrations before deploying to production. However, the technique has some inherent costs and on its own does not guarantee all the benefits of a microservices architecture

The spa area is located in western Switzerland in Yverdon-les-Bains, which extends along the southern shores of Lake Neuchâtel. The aim was to replace the current Spa complex which capacity and operationally not meet today's requirements and also to increase capacity accommodation in the form of hotel. New spa complex is placed as solitaire in the area between the spa parks which creates fluent transition between them. Spa function is divided into multiple objects that have their own character, but which in their complexity creates one house. These objects "float" on the surface of the water, unites them and divides its operations at the same time.

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Web Technologies, particularly the web application, have become an essential component of the business world in our daily life. By utilizing the web application, it is convenient for human beings to search the information, make the payment and communicate with others through Internet. However, according to a report from the Society of Digital Agencies, 77% of companies believe that poor website user experience is a weakness for their clients, which making poor user experience the most significant weakness agencies identified. As for current monolithic web application of booking course system, all the components are tightly integrated in one module so that it is difficult to maintain and make changes for both currents functions and new functions. In addition, the algorithms of some functions are vulnerable. For example, the offer code corresponding to the one course can be used for another course that should not be on sales promotion. This thesis presents a decoupling of the monolithic architecture. The monolithic architecture composes all in one piece and implement an alternative solution for booking course system based on representational state transfer web service, spring, WordPress and bootstrap frameworks. Moreover, this thesis focuses on improving the vulnerable algorithm for the old booking system. In the end, some non-functional requirement like user experience will also be taken in consideration. In this thesis, the result proves the feasibility of the decoupling monolithic architecture by exploiting RESTful web services. / Webbtekniker, speciellt webbapplikationer, har blivit en viktig komponent för företags dagliga verksamhet. Genom att använda webbapplikationer blir det enkelt för människor att söka information, göra betalningar och kommunicera med andra på Internet. Men enligt en rapport från the Society of Digital Agencies upplever 77% av företagen att en dåligt webbupplevelse påverkar slutkunderna, vilket gör webbupplevelsen till den största påverkande faktorn som the Society of Digital Agencies har identifierat. Det existerande webbokningssystemet är en monolit, där samtliga komponenter är tätt integrerade i en modul. Denna integrerade arkitektur gör det svårt att underhålla och förändra systemet. I tillägg finns det sårbarheter i systemet, som till exempel att rabattkoder för en kurs kan användas även på andra kurser, som inte ska rabatteras. Uppsatsen presenterar en frikoppling av den integrerade strukturen för systemet. Den nya arkitekturen bygger på representational state transfer web services, spring, wordpress samt bootstrap ramverken. I tillägg förbättras även de sårbara algoritmerna i det existerande bokningssystemet. Slutligen inkluderas ickefunktionella krav på användarvänlighet. I den här avhandlingen visar resultatet att det är möjligt att avmontera monolitisk arkitektur genom att utnyttja RESTful webbtjänster.

A bigraph-driven vending machine is implemented. The application is realized as a Spring-based webservice. Actions can be initiated by REST endpoints. The system follows a rule-based architecture, where possible operations are grounded on a rule set. Bigraphical Reactive Systems are used for the specification and execution. The actual state of the application is a bigraph stored in a database, which can be viewed and altered directly in the database. A history of states is kept - the application can be transferred to any prior state. The application can be updated or extended by merely changing the bigraphical database model.:First Part: A system of a vending machine is specified and analyzed using BDSL. This concerns the static and dynamic aspects of the system. Second Part: The analysis results are re-used for the implementation using Bigraph Framework. The application is realized as a webservice that is built using the Spring framework. / Ein bigraph-gesteuerter Verkaufsautomat wird implementiert. Die Anwendung ist als Spring-basierter Webservice realisiert. Aktionen können über REST-Endpunkte initiiert werden. Das System folgt einer regelbasierten Architektur, bei der die möglichen Operationen auf einem Regelsatz beruhen. Für die Spezifikation und Ausführung werden Bigraphical Reactive Systems verwendet. Der aktuelle Zustand der Anwendung ist ein in einer Datenbank gespeicherter Bigraph, der direkt in der Datenbank eingesehen und verändert werden kann. Es wird eine Historie der Zustände geführt - die Anwendung kann in einen beliebigen früheren Zustand überführt werden. Die Anwendung kann aktualisiert oder erweitert werden, indem lediglich das bigraphische Datenbankmodell geändert wird.:First Part: A system of a vending machine is specified and analyzed using BDSL. This concerns the static and dynamic aspects of the system. Second Part: The analysis results are re-used for the implementation using Bigraph Framework. The application is realized as a webservice that is built using the Spring framework.

Transmissibility is the most common metric used for isolator characterization. However, engineers are becoming increasingly concerned about energy transmission through an isolator at high frequencies and how the compliance of the machine and foundation factor into the performance. In this study, the transfer matrix approach for isolator characterization is first reviewed. Two methods are detailed for determining the transfer matrix of an isolator using finite element simulation. This is accomplished by determining either the mobility or impedance matrix for the isolator and then converting to a transfer matrix. One of the more useful metrics to characterize the high frequency performance of an isolator is insertion loss. Insertion loss is defined as the difference in transmitted vibration in decibels between the unisolated and isolated cases. Insertion loss takes into account the compliance on the source and receiver sides. Accordingly, it has some advantages over transmissibility which is a function of the damping and mounted resonant frequency. A static analysis is to preload the isolator so that stress stiffening is accounted for. This is followed by modal and forced response analyses to identify the transfer matrix of the isolator. In this paper, the insertion loss of spring isolators is examined as a function of several geometric parameters including the spring diameter, wire diameter, number of active coils, and height. Results demonstrate how modifications to these parameters affect the insertion loss and the first surge frequency.

Benthic invertebrates inhabiting boreal rivers are exposed to very large seasonal variations in their physical environment. The extremes are in winter when the littoral area freezes solid and in spring when water flow increases rapidly. In the North Swedish river Vindelälven, the invertebrates fell into three main categories according to their seasonal lateral distribution. One category of animals was stationary in the littoral zone and let itselt freeze into the ice, adopting a "take it" alternative. The category consisted of many species belonging to several higher taxa. By overwintering in ice, the animals avoided predation for nearly half the year and they were in the productive littoral at the same time as they thawed out from the ice in spring. On the other hand the animals had to withstand sub-zero temperatures. A typical representative for this category of animals was the semivoltine snail Gyraulus acronicus. It is a less mobile species connected to dense stands of macrophytes, which are found only in the littoral zone of the river. Nearly the whole population was found overwintering successfully enclosed in ice. Its shell and epiphragm could serve as mechanical protection when frozen into the ice. G. acronicus was cold-hardy only during late autumn and early winter, but it could stand prolonged sub-zero exposure during the proper time. A second category of animlas avoided being frozen by performing lateral movements to deeper parts of the river, adopting the Vleave it" alternative. No species tested in this category were found cold-hardy. It consisted of mobile species known to utilize sedimentated detritus which was only found in greater amounts in the littoral zone of the river. In springtime, prior to spring flood peak, these species colonized promptly the former frozen zone. This behaviour was most pronounced in several lentie mayfly species. An extreme case of migratory behaviour was found in the mayfly Pararneletus chelifer which not only moved towards the river bank but continued up into small tributaries. The shoreward movements of mayflies both allowed the nymphs to avoid the high current velocities in the central part of the river during spring flood time and to utilize the food resources in the flooded areas. A third category of animals avoided the ice by living stationary in the sublittoral zone, adopting the "never face it" alternative. This category was dominated by filter feeders. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå university, 1982, härtill 5 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu