English and Indian historians have devoted considerable research and analysis to the genesis of the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 but have ignored contemporary British reaction to it, a neglect which this study attempts to satisfy.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-Diss.--Bonn. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Military mutinies are occurring more frequently in the last two decades than ever before. Mutinies impact every region of the world. Given that they are occurring more frequently, impact every region, and often have disastrous implications, scholars must answer the foundational question: why do mutinies occur? What are the proximate domestic conditions that give rise to military mutinies? This project makes three contributions. First, I set out to formally define mutinies and collect a new dataset that will allow scholars to examine mutinies empirically. Second, I present a theoretical framework that explains when and why mutinies will occur. Finally, I present three novel empirical tests of the theory. The first portion of this dissertation defines mutinies and describes the data collection process. I present the Military Mutinies and Defections Databases (MMDD). Using news articles from various sources, I code 460 mutiny events from 1945 – present day. I code a number of other variables that give users details about the event, such as: whether or not violence was used, whether or not civilians were killed, and whether or not soldiers defected from the military apparatus. Next, I utilize a nested principal agent model to describe when mutinies are likely to occur. Agent models describe hierarchical relationships of delegation. A nested structure allows for multiple agents and multiple principals in a given model. I apply this nested structure to the military to generate three various nests. The first examines foot soldiers as an agent of the military leadership. In this nest, policy failures (e.g., bad strategy) secured by the military leadership will drive foot soldier mutinies. The second nest explores foot soldiers as agents of the executive, a civilian principal. In this nest, I expect that situations that place soldiers in conflict with the executive will generate shirking. The final nest considers foot soldiers and military leadership as collective agents of the executive. I theorize that risk aversion and divergent preferences will drive shirking, or mutinies, in this nested structure. The final nest presents an interesting trade-off for a coup-worried leader. I argue that while executives can utilize regime securing strategies, such strategies might actually agitate the military and drive low level military rebellions. Coup proofing, a common practice among executives that are worried they will be ousted by the military, effectively wards of coups but can generate unintended consequences. Specifically, I expect that counterbalancing measures and other coup proofing tactics should spur mutinies because the intended purpose of these measures is to create coordination challenges which likely spur military splintering. The first empirical chapter sets out to explore the relationship between civil conflict and the likelihood of mutinies. I expect that when civil wars are extremely bloody or long lasting, mutinies will be more likely as war-weary soldiers no longer want to invest in the war effort. I find evidence that indeed civil war intensity and duration contribute to the probability of a state experiencing a mutiny. The second empirical chapter explores scenarios that pit foot soldiers preferences against the executive’s. I expect that scenarios that impose steep costs on foot soldiers, yet provide some benefit to the executive are likely to spur mutinies. I find evidence that protest events and divisionary conflict spur mutinies. The final empirical chapter explores the military apparatus as a whole. I find that coup proofing measures increase the likelihood of mutinies. Additionally, I find that scenarios that are likely to spur widespread dissent among military actors will increase the likelihood of a mutiny in the context of steep coordination challenges that stifle coup activity. The final chapter concludes by providing policy recommendations. I offer recommendations for leader states (e.g., major powers and democratic leaders in the international system) and for states experiencing mutinies. I conclude by discussing the many possible extensions for this project. This section seeks to emphasis the fact that this is a young, novel research program with many promising avenues for future research.

This study of Western Empire is split into two distinct parts: (1) historical research of the life of the vessel, relying on primary documents; and (2) analysis of the deep water survey data. The first part concentrates on the historical documents that constitute the history of Western Empire. The second part begins with a review of the tools and procedures used in performing the deep water survey. An analysis of the information that can be taken from such a study will follow, and it concludes with suggestions for remotely operated vehicle operators when performing an on-the-fly survey of shipwrecks in deep water. The official ship logs, crew agreements, and contemporary newspaper articles are used to recreate the life of Western Empire and shed light on a period in which wooden sailing ships were being displaced by iron ships and steam power.

Vill man bygga en API tjänst idag existerar det en mängd olika ramverk att välja mellan, varav några av dessa använder reaktiva system. Denna teknik tillåter värden att använda sina resurser på ett mycket mer effektivt sätt än med de icke reaktiva ramverken. Två ramverk som kan användas för att utnyttja denna teknik är Spring Boot och Quarkus. Spring Boot är ett väl etablerat API ramverk med mycket inbyggd funktionalitet som hjälper utvecklare att bygga robusta API tjänster. Quarkus å andra sidan är ett nyare ramverk med fokus på att vara en liten och lätt API som är främst för containers. Även fast dom fokuserar på olika saker borde dom i slutet presentera på samma nivå och ge snarlika resultat. Målet med denna studie är att jämföra reaktiva API tjänster med icke-reaktiva API tjänster med hjälp av Spring Boot och Quarkus. Samt svara på frågor om vilket ramverk och teknik som är den bästa för olika scenarion. För att få kunskap om ämnet om reaktiva system gjordes det först en teoretisk studie för att veta vad som definierar ett reaktivt system samt vad som krävs av operativsystemet för att exekvera en sådan tjänst. För att kunna utföra jämförelsen byggdes det en reaktiv samt icke-reaktiv variant av de två olika ramverken som ger totalt fyra applikationer att jämföra. Flera olika tester var byggda och exekverade på de fyra olika applikationerna. Resultaten visade att reaktivt Quarkus var överlägsen jämfört med de andra applikationer när storleken på transaktionerna var små. I de fall att transaktionerna var stora eller behövdes behandlas var istället Spring Boot bättre. Jämförelsen av CPU- och minnesanvändning resulterade i att reaktivt Quarkus använder både mindre minne och använder mindre CPU. / As technology evolves, more and more companies strive to automate as much work as possible. The use of chatbots in messaging apps is becoming more and more common as replacements in the operation of customer service because of the efficiency and reliability it poses. Replacing customer service with chatbots also saves companies money. In this paper an IT company have asked for the implementation and proof of concept of integration between their server-side application, to Microsoft Teams. They want it to be possible to use a chatbot in Teams to send tickets containing data to their system in order to be handled by users of their application. In this paper a solution to this problem is described as well as discussions about the chosen implementation. The discussion is focused on the final solution, user tests, related work, ethical issues as well as future work. User tests of the implemented solution are included in the results. The conclusion of the work is that this implementation is useful and saves time and effort both for the customer and the employees. There is much potential for future work to be expanded upon, including specialized Ticket Forms and implemented AI.

This thesis examines martial race ideology in the British Army during the mid-nineteenth century. A “martial race” was a group of people that the British considered to excel in the art of warfare due to biological and cultural characteristics. This thesis examines perceived “martial” natures or lack thereof of the Highland Scots and the Irish during this era. Central to this analysis are the Crimean War (1853-1856) and the Indian Mutiny of 1857 which provided opportunities for soldiers to display their “martial” qualities. The Crimean War was the first war where the daily newspapers covered every aspect of the war using correspondents, and it gave soldiers the chance to gain recognition through this medium. The Indian Mutiny represented a crisis for Britain, and it gave soldiers the opportunity to be recognized as “stabilizers of the empire.” However, despite their similarities, the Highland regiments became some of the most revered regiments while the Irish came to be seen as untrustworthy, leading many in the British government to initiate efforts to decrease the role that the Irish played in Britain’s conflicts. This reluctance was due to the turmoil that erupted as a result of the anti-Union Fenian Brotherhood in Ireland during the 1860s. The difficulty in stabilizing Ireland in the wake of Fenian terrorist attacks also exposed old prejudices of the Irish related to religion, race, and class. This was evidenced through parliamentary debates and British newspapers reporting on the crises.

No description available.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Em 12 de junho de 1839, alguns dos cativos a bordo do brigue-escuna Laura Segunda, que partiu do MaranhÃo para Pernambuco, realizaram um motim nas costas do litoral do Cearà e assassinaram seis pessoas, o capitÃo, o contramestre, o prÃtico, dois marujos e um passageiro. Depois de desembarcar na praia do Iguape, os escravos foram presos e, dentre eles, nove foram acusados e levados a julgamento em Fortaleza, onde seis foram condenados à pena de morte, um a galÃs perpÃtuas, outro a aÃoites e andar com ferros, e o Ãltimo absolvido. O julgamento ocorreu de forma sumÃria, indicando a necessidade de se punirem rÃpida e exemplarmente os responsÃveis por aquele âhorroroso atentadoâ. A pesquisa pretende analisar o motim e os eventos que envolveram os pretos da Laura. Para isso, se propÃe a examinar a navegaÃÃo de cabotagem realizada entre o Norte e o Nordeste do Brasil, em especial do Parà a Pernambuco, para se entender o mundo do trabalho em que estavam inseridos os marinheiros cativos do Laura Segunda. AlÃm disso, busca-se compreender e relacionar os diversos movimentos realizados durante a dÃcada de 1830, que fomentaram um clima de grande instabilidade polÃtica e social no Brasil e permitiram o aparecimento de alguns atos de rebeldia produzidos pela escravaria. O motim no Laura Segunda foi um deles. As memÃrias do motim e dos eventos que envolveram os pretos da Laura ficaram vivas na capital cearense durante bastante tempo. Desta forma, procura-se compreender quais os seus significados e apropriaÃÃes pela sociedade cearense, em especial o grupo dos cativos. / On the 12th of June, 1839, a number of slaves on board the brig-schooner Laura Segunda, which had earlier left Pernambuco en-route to MaranhÃo, mutinied off the coast of CearÃ, killing six people: the captain; the boatswain; the pilot; two of the sailors and a passenger. After landing on the beach at Iguape, the slaves were captured and nine of them charged and taken to be prosecuted in Fortaleza, where six were sentenced to death, one to life imprisonment with forced-labour, yet another to being whipped and forced to go around in irons, and the last acquitted. The trials were summary in nature, demonstrating the need for a prompt and exemplary punishment of those responsible for the "horrendous attack". The present research aims to examine the mutiny and the various events which surrounded the negro slaves on board the Laura. To this end we propose examining the system of cabotage shipping carried out between the North and Northeast of Brazil, in particular that from Parà to Pernambuco, in an attempt to understand the work environment of the slave-sailors on the Laura Segunda. In addition, we wish to investigate and detail the various movements which occurred during the 1830s and which fostered a climate of political and social instability in Brazil, paving the way for various acts of rebellion by the slaves, of which the mutiny on the Laura Segunda was one. The memory of the mutiny and the events surrounding the negros on board the Laura remained alive in Fortaleza for some considerable time. We plan to arrive at an appreciation of the meaning of these events and how they were appropriated by Cearà society, and in particular by the slaves.

Rebels haven’t always been sexy. In fact, throughout history “fighting the power” has often revealed the ugliest side of human nature. Of course, sometimes rebellion is necessary, even if it isn’t pretty, but it should never be considered lightly. So, under what circumstances is rebellion against authority—particularly a governing authority—morally sound? Is mutiny ever justified? Such questions are difficult, perhaps impossible, to answer, but literature can be a powerful tool for dissecting them. Captain Frederick Marryat (1798-1848), often called the father of naval fiction, used his novels to air these and other morally ambiguous questions for an early Victorian readership. At a time when widespread poverty, food shortages, and social injustices were leading to heated protests, Marryat’s microcosmic ships were a space to think through issues of rebellion, discipline, and the appropriate use of authority. This thesis analyzes two of Marryat’s novels, The King’s Own (1830) and Mr. Midshipman Easy (1836), highlighting themes of authority/discipline and the rhetorical functions of his didactic style. It’s easy to oversimplify Marryat—a patriotic ship captain and veteran of the Napoleonic Wars—as a classic establishment figure, but a close reading of these texts reveals that he was much more than an imperial flag-waver.