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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Properties of suspension plasma sprayed zirconia coatings using different plasma torches / Propriétés de dépôt d'oxyde de zirconium obtenus par la projection plasma de suspensions avec les torches différentes

Sokolowski, Pawel 25 November 2016 (has links)
Dans cette thèse plusieurs questions scientifiques concernant la projection plasma de suspensions (SPS) revêtements de zircone ont été étudiées. Les revêtements ont été analysées principalement en termes de l'application comme isolant top-coat des revêtements de barrière thermique (TBC). Ces revêtements multicouches sont appliqués sur les parties métalliques par exemple, Les turbines à gaz pour les protéger contre les charges thermiques élevées provoquées par les gaz d'échappement chauds. Mais l'évaluation initiale de la possibilité de l'utilisation de la projection plasma de suspensions pour produire la couche d'électrolyte en pile à combustible à oxyde solide (SOFC) a été fait aussi. SOFC semblent être les types de piles à combustible les plus prometteurs actuellement. (Voir le chapitre 1-2 de la revue de la littérature).Le premier objectif de recherche important était d'analyser la possibilité de produire des revêtements étant différents en termes de la microstructure. L'objectif principal était d'obtenir des revêtements caractérisés par une structure très poreuse et irrégulière (appelé colonnaires-like), mais aussi des revêtements très denses et homogènes avec typique, deux zones microstructure. A cet effet, les deux poudres de zircone ont été utilisées: (i) l'oxyde de zirconium entièrement stabilisé à l'yttria et (ii) de la zircone yttria-oxyde de cérium stabilisé. Les poudres ont des compositions chimiques différentes, la taille des particules et leur morphologie. Ces poudres ont été utilisées pour une formulation de suspension. L'autre variable dans le procédé de pulvérisation est la concentration de la suspension. La suspension avec une teneur en matières solides dans la gamme de 2,5 et 30 en poids % ont été préparées et projetée. Toutes les suspensions ont été produites au laboratoire. Un concept très important de ce travail est l'utilisation de quatre différents, disponibles dans le commerce, des torches à plasma, à savoir: (i) SG-100, (ii) TriplexPro-200, (iii) Axial III et (iv) WSP-H 500. Les torches étaient différentes en termes de conception, l'énergie électrique, le modede stabilisation du plasma et l'angle d'injection de suspension. En raison des grandes différences entre les torches à plasma et SPS set-ups les paramètres du procédé de pulvérisation ont été choisis dans chaque cas individuellement. La dernière variable dans la conception de l'expérience était la topographie et la rugosité du substrat afin d'évaluer son influence sur les revêtements des mécanismes de croissance-up. Les substrats ont été préparés avant la projection par: (i) le grenaillage, (ii) le traitement au laser et par (iii) le broyage. L'expérience de projection large a permis une analyse complexe de SPS revêtements microstructure, des mécanismes de croissance des revêtements et le développement de processus SPS lui-même. [...] / In this PhD thesis several scientific issues regarding Suspension Plasma Sprayed (SPS) zirconia coatings were studied. The coatings were analyzed mainly in terms of the application as insulating top-coat of Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBC’s). These multilayer coatings are applied onto the metallic parts of e.g. gas turbines to protect them against high temperature loads caused by the hot exhaust gases. But the initial assessment of the possibility of the use of Suspension Plasma Spraying to produce electrolyte layer in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells was done also. SOFC’s seem to be the most promising fuel cell types currently. (See Chapter 1-2 with the literature review) The first important research goal was to analyze the possibility of producing coatings being various in terms of the microstructure. The main aim was to obtain coatings characterized by very porous and irregular structure (called columnar-like) but also very dense and homogeneous coatings with typical two-zones microstructure. For this purpose two zirconia powders were used: (i) fully yttria-stabilized zirconia and (ii) ytrria-ceria-stabilized zirconia. The powders had different chemical composition, particle size and morphology. These powders were used for a suspension formulation. The other variable in the spray process was suspension concentration. The suspension with a solid content in range of 2.5 and 30 wt. % were prepared and sprayed. All suspensions were home-produced. A very important concept of this work was the use of four various, commercially-available, plasma torches, namely: (i) SG-100, (ii) TriplexPro-200, (iii) Axial III and (iv) WSP-H 500. The torches were different interms of design, electric power, plasma stabilization mode and the suspension injection angle. Due to the big differences between plasma torches and SPS set-ups the spray process parameters were chosen in each case individually. The last variable in theexperiment design was the topography and roughness of substrate in order to evaluate its influence on the coatings growth-up mechanisms. The substrates were prepared prior to spraying by: (i) grit-blasting, (ii) laser-treatment and by (iii) grinding. The wideii spray experiment allowed complex analysis of SPS coatings microstructure, coatings growth-up mechanisms and the development of SPS process itself. [...]
2

Etude de la voie de signalisation activée par les acides aminés extracellulaires chez la levure : rôle du complexe ubiquitine ligase SCFgrr1 et inhibition exercée par la perméase Gap1

Jean, Cathy 22 June 2009 (has links)
La détection des nutriments extracellulaires est cruciale pour une croissance cellulaire optimale. Certaines protéines de la catégorie des transporteurs membranaires sont dépourvues d’activité de transport et agissent plutôt comme senseurs des nutriments externes. Les senseurs de glucose Snf3 et Rgt2 ainsi que le senseur des acides aminés Ssy1 de la levure sont les représentants les mieux connus de cette classe de senseurs. Au cours de ce travail, nous nous sommes concentrés sur la voie de signalisation activée par Ssy1, le senseur d’acides aminés extracellulaires. L’activation de cette voie conduit à l’induction transcriptionnelle de plusieurs gènes codant pour des perméases d’acides aminés. La protéine Ssy1 insérée dans la membrane plasmique est associée à une protéine membranaire périphérique, Ptr3, elle-même associée à une endoprotéase, la protéine Ssy5. La protéine Ssy1 détecte la présence d’acides aminés dans le milieu, ce qui conduit à l’activation Ptr3-dépendante de l’endoprotéase Ssy5 selon un processus nécessitant également la présence du complexe ubiquitine ligase SCFGrr1. Une fois activée, l’endoprotéase Ssy5 catalyse le clivage endoprotéolytique des facteurs de transcription Stp1 et Stp2. Les facteurs Stp1 et Stp2 ainsi libérés de leur extrémité N-terminale inhibitrice migrent alors du cytoplasme vers le noyau où ils activent, avec l’aide du facteur de transcription Uga35, la transcription du gène AGP1 et d’autres gènes de perméases d’acides aminés. Au début de ce travail, le rôle précis du facteur Ptr3 ainsi que le mécanisme d’activation de l’endoprotéase Ssy5 par les acides aminés n’étaient pas encore connus. Il en était de même du mode d’action du complexe ubiquitine ligase SCFGrr1 au niveau du complexe Ssy1-Ptr3-Ssy5. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons pu montrer par des analyses bioinformatiques que la protéine Ptr3 possède deux régions très conservées. La partie N-terminale contient un domaine présentant les caractéristiques à la fois du domaine RING et du domaine U-Box. La partie C-terminale contient quant à elle sept répétitions WD40 qui confèrent généralement une structure en tonneau créant une zone d’interaction avec d’autres protéines. Nous proposons que cette région constitue probablement la plate forme d’interaction avec Ssy1, Ssy5 et elle-même. Notre étude a montré que la région formée des sept répétitions WD40 est essentielle et suffisante pour la fonction de Ptr3 dans la transmission du signal. Nous avons ensuite mis en évidence que la protéine Ptr3 est instable. Ce résultat suggérait un rôle éventuel du complexe ubiquitine ligase SCFGrr1 dans l’ubiquitination de Ptr3. Cependant, nos travaux ne nous ont pas permis d’établir clairement que la protéine Ptr3 est ubiquitinée par le complexe SCFGrr1. Nous nous sommes alors tournés vers l’endoprotéase Ssy5 comme cible potentielle de ce complexe. Au moment d’entamer nos expériences, le mécanisme d’activation de l’endoprotéase Ssy5 suite à la détection des acides aminés par Ssy1 demeurait encore inconnu. Nos résultats ont permis de montrer que le pro-domaine N-terminal de l’endoprotéase Ssy5 subit une ubiquitination catalysée par le complexe SCFGrr1 en réponse aux acides aminés. Nous proposons que cette modification permet la levée de l’inhibition exercée par ce pro-domaine sur le domaine catalytique C-terminal de l’endoprotéase et par conséquent permet le clivage endoprotéolytique des facteurs Stp1 et Stp2. La perméase générale des acides aminés, Gap1, est la principale voie d’entrée des acides aminés quand les cellules sont cultivées sur un milieu pauvre en azote. Si la concentration en acides aminés du milieu devient plus élevée, la perméase Gap1 est ubiquitinée et emportée dans des vésicules d’endocytose pour être dégradée. En parallèle, l’expression des gènes d’autres perméases d’acides aminés, tel que AGP1, est induite via la voie de signalisation Ssy1. Les perméases ainsi synthétisées rejoignent la membrane plasmique pour assurer l’entrée des acides aminés dans la cellule. Des études antérieures de notre laboratoire avaient révélé que la stabilisation de la perméase Gap1 à la membrane plasmique a pour effet d’empêcher l’induction du gène AGP1 via la voie Ssy1. Pour étudier ce phénomène, nous avons commencé par mieux caractériser les facteurs de transcription Stp1 et Stp2 ce qui nous a permis de montrer que ces deux protéines – considérées jusqu’ici comme étant de fonction redondante – sont activées dans des conditions différentes de disponibilité en acides aminés externes. Nous avons ensuite pu montrer que l’inhibition exercée par la perméase Gap1 sur l’induction d’AGP1 se produit non pas aux étapes de clivage endoprotéolytique ou de translocation dans le noyau des facteurs Stp, mais bien au niveau de leur recrutement au promoteur du gène cible. Finalement, nous présentons un modèle de la voie de signalisation Ssy1 rassemblant l’ensemble de nos résultats.
3

Synthèse et caractérisation de nanocomposites à base de ZnO pour des applications thermoélectriques / Synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites with ZnO for thermoelectric applications

Byl, Céline 02 April 2015 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif l’obtention de nanocomposites denses ZnO/SiO2 afin d’améliorer les propriétés thermoélectriques de l’oxyde de zinc. Ce manuscrit décrit différents aspects de l’élaboration tant en terme de synthèse que de densification de nanocomposites ZnO/SiO2 ainsi que leur caractérisation. Afin d’obtenir des nanoparticules en grande quantité, de bonne cristallinité et de taille inférieure à 10 nm, l’optimisation d’une synthèse par voie polyol en jouant sur différents paramètres (pH, température, taux d’hydrolyse, solvant, surfactant) a été réalisée. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence l’intérêt d’utiliser l’acide benzoïque comme surfactant pour éviter l’agglomération de ces nanoparticules. La modification de surface des nanoparticules par de la silice a ensuite été explorée. Cette modification a été réalisée par une méthode classique, le procédé Stöber, ainsi que par une technique moins conventionnelle, l’ALD. Une étude approfondie de la densification par SPS à la fois de l’oxyde de zinc et des nanoparticules recouvertes a été décrite. L’influence de la couche amorphe déposée sur la croissance cristalline des nanoparticules a été démontrée. Nous avons par ailleurs pu mettre en exergue une pollution importante par du carbone lors de la densification des composés entrainant des modifications importantes des propriétés de transport. Le résultat majeur de cette thèse est la mise en évidence de clusters d’oxyde de zinc fortement dopés dans ces composés qui remet en question les mécanismes de transport dans le ZnO. / This study is focusing on the synthesis of nanocomposites of Al doped ZnO/SiO2 with high density in order to increase the thermoelectric properties of ZnO. This work describes the optimization of the synthesis by investigating the effect of different experimental parameters (temperature, type of surfactant, degree of hydrolysis, nature of the solvent, pH) to obtain large amount of nanoparticles with size below 10 nm and good crystallinity. We have identified that using benzoic acid as surfactant could avoid the formation of particle aggregates. The modification of nanoparticles surfaces with SiO2 was investigated by using two methods the Stöber process and ALD. The possibility of ZnO and nanocomposite powder densification by spark plasma sintering was also tackled as well as the role played by the main parameters of the method (applied pressure and the best moment of its application, heating rate). The influence of the amorphous shell on the limiting grain growth during the sintering was demonstrated. Furthermore, a carbon accumulation which modifies the thermoelectric properties in the densified pellet was demonstrated. The source of it was assigned in part to the densification process. The most significant result of this study was the finding of the presence of ZnO clusters strongly doped wich could have fundamental implications as it may reopen the discussion on the transport mechanism in ZnO.
4

La valutazione di modelli e sperimentazioni di progettazione partecipata sociale e socio-sanitaria / Evaluation of models and experimentation of social and social health participatory planning

Martino, Fausta <1979> 10 June 2016 (has links)
Fino ad oggi i servizi sociali hanno offerto interventi e prestazioni di tipo riparatorio, con la frammentazione della domanda e di conseguenza l’individualizzazione dell’offerta. L’obiettivo è quello di svolgere una ricerca esplorativa di studio di casi, avendo come livello di indagine il micro (l’esperienza di attivazione di processi partecipativi nell’ambito dei servizi sociali e sociosanitari in unità ecologiche e non necessariamente in unità amministrative) con la messa a sistema di buone prassi partecipative attraverso la valutazione delle stesse. Questo lavoro ha visto la collaborazione della scrivente con l’Agenzia sociale e sanitaria della regione Emilia Romagna. / Up until today, social services have offered reparatory interventions and activities, which caused fragmentation of requests and therefore individualisation of the offer. The objective of this research is to explore different cases, with a perspective focused on a micro-level i.e. how participatory processes are started in the field of social and social health services in ecological and not necessarily administrative units, through good participatory practices characterised by their own evaluation. This research has been made in collaboration with “Agenzia sociale e sanitaria della regione Emilia Romagna”.
5

Spray Parameters Influence on Suspension Plasma Sprayed Zirconia coatings properties / Inverkan av sprutparametrar hos suspensionplasmasprutade zirkoniaskikt.

Ru, Tao January 2014 (has links)
Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are a simple and proven method to protect hot section components. Suspension Plasma Spray (SPS), an emerging process technology to generate TBCs, compared with traditional Atmospheric Plasma Spray APS, can deposit thinner coat-ings with finer microstructure. Operating parameters play an important role in developing certain properties of coating. In this thesis work, power level, gas flow rate, number of spray-ing strokes, spray gun's nozzle size i.e. internal diameter and suspension rate were controlled to produce coatings with different microstructures and porosity levels. According to the ex-perimental results, the power level of plasma gun play an essential role on coating micro-structure, for instance, the density of vertical cracks increased with growing the power level. The number of spraying strokes showed also an impact on coating porosity. However, due to different nozzle sizes i.e. diameter, the same coating property were controlled by different operating parameters. For coatings deposited by small and large nozzles, their coating thick-ness and roughness mainly relied on power level and gas flow rate. In contrary, it seems that the coating roughness was not influenced by the same parameters when it was deposited by medium nozzle. Also, gas flow rate do not have as big as influence on coating thickness
6

Relazionarsi oggi nella web society / Relate today in the web society

Canestrini, Edi <1983> January 1900 (has links)
L’avvento delle Information and Communication Technology (ICT) e successivamente quello di Internet nella sua evoluzione in Web 2.0 caratterizzato dall’insieme di tutte quelle tecnologie e applicazioni che permettono un alto grado di interattività tra utenti, ha portato alla diffusione della percezione di una realtà condivisa attraverso nuove possibilità e modalità di scambio comunicativo e socio-relazionale che hanno prodotto, e stanno tutt’ora producendo, sostanziali cambiamenti sul nostro essere sociali e relazionali. Ci troviamo infatti a vivere in quella che è stata definita la web society (Cipolla, 2013), la società dalla comunicazione in Rete, della socializzazione che vive e si dipana anche attraverso i social media. L’ipotesi generale che ha sostenuto l’intero lavoro qui esposto è che il web partecipi attivamente alla costruzione e al cambiamento delle dinamiche relazionali e sociali che caratterizzano il nostro fare società, attraverso l’offerta di una moltitudine di spazi interattivi mediante cui i soggetti riuscivano a soddisfare, ricercare, coltivare, mantenere ed ampliare le proprie relazioni sociali e affettive. Il lavoro qui esposto, ponendosi in un’ottica esplorativa presenta i risultati di una ricerca che ha permesso di mettere in luce e descrivere il rapporto della popolazione italiana, dai 14 ai 65 anni con internet e le innovazioni tecnologiche, gli stili di navigazione, l’utilizzo dei social network, la penetrazione dell’uso delle nuove tecnologie per svolgere determinate azioni socio-relazionali, ma anche il ruolo di internet all’interno delle relazioni amicali e di quelle sentimentali e le percezioni rispetto al rapporto internet e sessualità umana. Per raggiungere l’obiettivo si è adottata una metodologia mixed e sono stati utilizzati innovativi strumenti di indagine afferenti agli e-methods. / The work here Exposed, placing itself in a explorary perspective Presents the result That have allowed to put into light and describe the relationship of the Italian population, 14 to 65 years old with internet and Technological Innovations, the Styles of Navigation, the social network use, the rules and the penetration of ICT in specific socio-relational actions, but also the Role of the Internet in relationships with customers and friendship, on the sentimental relationship and perceptions to the rules of Internet on human sexuality. For do this we have adopted a mixed methodology and some of the innovative tools of the e-methods.
7

Religione e sfera pubblica in Polonia. L'influenza della Conferenza Episcopale e dei movimenti pro-life sulla legislazione "eticamente sensibile". / Religion and public sphere in Poland. The influence of the Episcopal Conference and the pro-life movement on "ethically sensitive" legislation.

Capacci, Giulia <1980> 09 June 2016 (has links)
Il presente lavoro tratta l'influenza della Chiesa Cattolica in Polonia nella stesura della legislazione nazionale relativa all'interruzione di gravidanza e alla fecondazione assistita, nella loro costruzione discorsiva e nella loro collocazione ed espressione nel discorso pubblico. La tesi è divisa in tre parti. La prima fornisce un substrato di riferimento tramite un percorso torico e di revisione della letteratura che inquadra e motiva gli stretti rapporti esistenti fra Stato, Chiesa e identità in Polonia, creando la diade stereotipica Polak / Katolik. La seconda verifica la persistenza di questo binomio: attraverso l'analisi di dati provenienti dalla WVS e dal CBOS polacco, misuriamo il livello di religiosità e l'impatto della religione sulla vita quotidiana, sui comportamenti e sulle scelte morali della popolazione. Il tasso di aderenza alle pratiche religiose non si è modificato in maniera significativa nel corso dell'ultimo ventennio. Sebbene l'affiliazione sia maggiore per alcune categorie socio-demografiche, le differenze sono modeste e le correlazioni sovente non significative. Il ruolo storico della Chiesa Cattolica in Polonia e la diffusa e profonda religiosità del Paese costituiscono il framework dello spazio sociale in cui si articola il discorso pubblico. Nella terza parte, tramite Critical Discourse Analysis, abbiamo esaminato sia il discorso della Conferenza Episcopale Polacca sia la rappresentazione a mezzo stampa dei temi. Dall'analisi del corpus, emerge che il discorso pubblico è caratterizzato da parzialità, con una prevalenza pro-life in termini sia di linguaggio sia di messaggio. La semantica pro-vita si è trasferita non solo dal vocabolario orientato a quello quotidiano, ma anche dalla sfera della discussione sui diritti riproduttivi alle definizioni sociali di concetti più generali, configurando una “barriera discorsiva”. La stampa cattolica, inoltre, è particolarmente attiva nella trattazione di questi argomenti, mentre quella di sinistra mostra un ruolo meno incisivo nel prendere posizione sul tema. / The topic of the present work is the influence exerted by the Catholic Church in Poland on the drafting of national legislation on abortion and IVF, on their discursive construction and their collocation and expression in the public discourse. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first provides a theoric and historical framework motivating the close relations existing between State, Church, and identity in Poland, creating the stereotypical dyad Polak / Katolik. The second part verifies the persistence of this juxtaposition: through the analysis of data from the WVS and the Polish CBOS, we measure the level of religiosity and the impact of religion on daily life, behaviours, and moral choices of the population. Adherence rate to religious practices has not changed significantly over the last two decades. Although the affiliation is higher for some socio-demographic categories, differences are small and correlations often insignificant. The historical role of the Catholic Church in Poland and the widespread and deep religiosity of the country creates the social framework in which the public discourse is developed. In the third part, through Critical Discourse Analysis, we examined both the public discourses of the Polish Episcopal Conference and the representation of the issues in the national press. The analysis shows that public discourse is characterized by partiality, with a pro-life prevalence in terms of both language and message. Pro-life semantics moved not only from the oriented vocabulary to the everyday one, but also from the sphere of the discussion on reproductive rights to social definitions of more general concepts, configuring a “discursive barrier”. Moreover, while the Catholic press is particularly active in the discussion, the leftist one shows a less significant role in taking a position on the issue.
8

Industrin och SPS : Möjligheter utifrån människa, teknik och organisation / The Industry and SPC : Possibilities from a human, technical and organizational perspective

Andersson, Dennis, Andersson, Victor January 2012 (has links)
Detta examensarbete utförs i samarbete med företaget Järn AB, vilket är ett svenskt företag med gjuteri, pulvermetallurgi samt bearbetningsverksamhet. Produkterna är av varierande typ, storlek och volym, avsedd för ett brett kundsegment däribland fordonsindustrin samt maskintillverkare. Företaget har mer än 500 anställda och namnet Järn AB är fiktivt. Syftet med arbetet är att föreslå ett angreppssätt för hur Järn AB kan gå vidare med statistisk processtyrning (SPS). Detta angreppssätt ska baseras på erfarenheter från fordonsindustrin samt litteraturstudier. Studien kommer grunda sig utifrån perspektiven människa, teknik och organisation. Resultatet kommer även utmynna i ett praktiskt förslag som ger företaget konkreta exempel kring införandet av SPS. Förslagen i studien kommer grunda sig på fyra studiebesök som valts ut under arbetets gång. Tre av de valda företagen är framstående i kvalitetsfrågor inom svensk industri och det fjärde företaget jobbar med statistisk processtyrning i stor utsträckning. De besökta företagen har olika typer av processer, däribland gjuteri- och bearbetningsprocesser som också återfinns hos uppdragsgivaren. Det har också utförts en nulägesbeskrivning hos Järn AB för att se vilka möjligheter det finns med statistisk processtyrning och jämföra utgångsläget med studieobjekten.  Resultatet av studiebesöken gav att inget av de svenska företagen använde SPS i dagsläget även om vissa hade erfarenheter från ett tidigare användande och flera såg framtida möjligheter med SPS. Om personalen involveras i SPS-arbetet och får ansvaret för detta arbete så kommer det ge ökad motivation och större chans att skapa ett långsiktigt arbete. Det förutsätter att systemet är lättanvänt samt att användaren har fått rätt utbildning i området. Det är också viktigt att det går att justera en parameter i processen som är direkt kopplad till utfallet av SPS. De processer som visat sig lämpliga för SPS hos Järn AB är de bearbetningsprocesserna som inte är självjusterande. Gjuteri- och pulverpressning är relativt komplexa processer som gör det svårt att knyta specifika parametrar till utfallet och behöver mer utredning innan SPS kan införas. De styrdiagram som har visat sig lämpliga utifrån process- och hårdvarutekniska aspekter är R-diagram då dessa lämpar sig vid införandet av SPS på variabeldata och har stöd i föreslagen mjukvara. Vid ett senare skede är det också värt att titta på andra typer av styrdiagram som EWMA och CUSUM.
9

La cooperazione dell'UE nella creazione di uno spazio sicuro nella globalizzazione come possibile modello per la regione dell'Asia Centrale / The EU's cooperation in creating a secure space in globalization as a possible model for the region of Central Asia

Atymtayeva, Zhazira <1976> 28 May 2015 (has links)
Gli ultimi anni hanno visto importanti cambiamenti positivi nella cooperazione interstatale in Asia centrale. Crescenti minacce come il terrorismo internazionale, l'estremismo religioso e politico, il traffico di droga, ecc, causati dagli interessi geopolitici e geo-economici delle potenze mondiali, hanno contribuito alla formazione di una politica estera più coordinata e coerente degli Stati della regione. Questo processo si manifesta nella partecipazione attiva dell’istituzionalizzazione della Shanghai Organizzazione del Commonwealth (SOC), Conferenza sulle misure di costruzione d’interazione e fiducia in Asia (CICA) e Organizzazione del Trattato di Sicurezza Collettiva (CSTO). Problemi moderni di sicurezza in Asia centrale dovrebbero essere risolti in dei nuovi modi, non convenzionali. Le nuove minacce alla sicurezza richiedono modi non standard per risolvere il problema. Considerate le differenze fondamentali dell'Unione europea e degli Stati dell'Asia centrale nei valori e dal punto di vista in materia di sicurezza. I paesi dell'Asia centrale non sono pronti per l'integrazione politica. Nonostante questo, nell’Asia centrale sono state adottate misure per contrastare le minacce non convenzionali. L’esperienza europea di unire gli sforzi della regione per garantire la sicurezza interna, può essere utilizzata dai paesi dell'Asia centrale, soprattutto, in primo luogo sulla formazione del quadro istituzionale e giuridico per la cooperazione operativa delle forze dell'ordine per le seguenti aree: • prevenzione del traffico di droga attraverso gli Stati dell'Asia centrale; • lotta contro nuove forme di terrorismo ed estremismo; • limitare la dimensione della migrazione clandestina; • migliorare la protezione giuridica dei cittadini. Fino a poco tempo fa, questi temi hanno ricevuto poca attenzione, sia nella teoria sia nella pratica, poiché i problemi di sicurezza della società erano principalmente ridotti per evitare il pericolo di guerra. / Recent years have seen major positive changes in interstate cooperation in Central Asia. Growing threats such as international terrorism, religious extremism and political, drug trafficking, etc., caused by geopolitical and geo-economic interests of the world powers, have contributed to the formation of a more coordinated and coherent foreign policy of states in the region. This process is manifested in the active participation of the institutionalization of the Shanghai Organization of the Commonwealth (SOC), Conference on measures of interaction and confidence building in Asia (CICA) and the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO). Modern problems of security in Central Asia should be solved in new ways, unconventional. The new security threats require non-standard ways to solve the problem. Given the fundamental differences of the European Union and Central Asian states in the values ​​and in terms of safety. The Central Asian countries are not ready for integration policy. Despite this, in Central Asia have been taken to counter unconventional threats. The European experience to join efforts in the region to ensure internal security, can be used by Central Asian countries, especially in the first place on the formation of the institutional and legal framework for operational cooperation of law enforcement for the following areas: • prevention of drug trafficking through Central Asian states; • fight against new forms of terrorism and extremism; • limit the scale of illegal migration; • improve the legal protection of citizens. Until recently, these issues have received little attention, both in theory and in practice, since the security problems of the company were mainly reduced to avoid the danger of war.
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Negoziazioni intergenerazionali dell'autonomia abitativa in contesti di working class / Intergenerational negotiations of independent living in working class context

Mattioli, Elena <1983> 27 May 2015 (has links)
Nell’ambito della riflessione sui processi di riproduzione e trasmissione intergenerazionale delle disuguaglianze sociali, la presente tesi dottorale propone un’analisi in prospettiva intersezionale dei percorsi verso l’indipendenza abitativa dei giovani bolognesi di origine popolare, e il ruolo svolto dalle loro famiglie in questi percorsi. Nell’approfondimento teorico si offre una ricostruzione del dibattito sociologico nazionale e internazionale sul tema delle disuguaglianze sociali e abitative delle giovani generazioni, nonché dello studio della classe sociale e i principali approcci presenti in letteratura. La ricerca sul campo si concentra, in particolare, sui modi in cui le famiglie appartenenti ad una determinata classe sociale, intesa nel senso conferito al termine da Bourdieu, negoziano e sostengono la transizione all’indipendenza abitativa dei loro figli. L’approfondimento empirico consiste in una ricerca qualitativa longitudinale retrospettiva, condotta nel bolognese nel 2013-2014 su un campione di famiglie working class. Ai giovani-adulti coinvolti e ai loro genitori è stato chiesto di ricostruire le loro biografie attraverso lo strumento delle life histories. La ricerca evidenzia il delinearsi di “micro sistemi economici” familiari specifici e creativi. Le molteplici forme di sostegno genitoriale nei percorsi di autonomizzazione dei figli, individuate nel corso dell’analisi del materiale raccolto, si innestano quindi all’interno di un più ampio sistema di supporto intergenerazionale, che continua anche dopo l’uscita dalla famiglia di origine, a conferma dello stretto legame che caratterizza le famiglie italiane. Nello studio una particolare attenzione viene rivolta alle logiche di legittimazione del sostegno genitoriale, adottate dalle famiglie per orientare i propri interventi di aiuto. Infine, mettendo a confronto la concezione di indipendenza dei giovani adulti con quella dei loro genitori, l’indagine rileva l’esistenza di una apparente contraddizione tra le rappresentazioni dell’indipendenza e dell’autonomia abitativa e i comportamenti attuati nella vita quotidiana, contraddizione che trova una risoluzione nella negoziazione, tra le due diverse generazioni, del concetto stesso di indipendenza. / The present doctoral thesis offers an intersectional analysis of the housing pathways of working class young people in Bologna, and of the role played by their family in the transition towards independent living, within a broader reflection on processes of reproduction and intergenerational transmission of social inequalities. The first part sets out the national and international sociological debate on youth’ social and housing inequalities, as well as the debate on social class. In the second part, the focus is on the empirical research. In particular, questions are raised on how families belonging to a particular social class, as understood in Bourdieu’s terms, negotiate and support the transition to independent living of their adult-children. The empirical study consists of a retrospective longitudinal qualitative research, carried out in Bologna in 2013-2014 on a sample of working-class families. Through life histories, young-adults and their parents were asked to reconstruct their biographies and housing experiences. The research highlights the emergence of specific and creative "micro-economic family systems". Through analysis on the collected materials, it was possible to identify several forms of parental support in young-adults’ pathways towards independent living, embedded in a wider system of intergenerational support, which continues even after leaving the family nest and confirms once again the strong ties characterizing Italian families. In the study, particular attention is given also to logics of legitimacy of parental support, underlying working class families' decisions of helping their adult-children. Finally, by comparing young adults’ idea of independence with that of their parents, the research reveals an apparent contradiction between representations of autonomy and independent living and everyday life practices, which is being solved by negotiating, between the two generations taken in exam, the meaning of independence itself.

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