The analysis of HRV is an advanced and noninvasive method which is used to investigate the involuntary nervous system. It is also one of the important parameters of its proper function. Heart rate variability can also be analyzed by entropy, which studies the discrepancy of the RR intervals of the HRV signal and thus can be used to diagnose cardiac diseases

The presented thesis deals with the use of MR spectroscopy methods for the study of heart metabolism, namely the determination of the lipid content in the heart tissue. The aim of the thesis was the optimization of the examination protocol for the use in the routine examination of patients. The heart examination by means of MR spectroscopy is due to movements caused by the heart rhythm and breathing very challenging. We have, therefore, proposed the measurement protocol, when the measurement is controlled both by ECG signal and the signal monitoring breathing of the examined subject. To achieve sufficient quality of MR spectra we also proposed the use of an advanced method (GREshim) for the adjustment of the homogeneity of the static magnetic field. Using the optimized examination protocol we have examined a group of 14 healthy volunteers. An average content of lipids in the myocardium equal to 0,7 % as determined from the performed measurements is in agreement with published data.

Risk of death from cardiovascular disease is substantially increased throughout winter season and by exposure of organism to acute cold stress. However, several studies have suggested that some cold acclimation models could act cardioprotectively. The thesis is focused on effects of acute and chronic cold acclimation on swelling of rat heart mitochondria. Mitochondrial swelling is, besides other things, caused by massive influx of Ca2+ into the mitochondria especially during ischemia-reperfusion injury. By that, mitochondria permeability transition pore is being opened and subsequently, this could end up in mitochondrial burst and cell death, eventually. Lower rate of mitochondrial swelling indicates greater mitochondrial resistance. The results express higher mitochondrial resistance after acute cold exposure and chronic cold acclimation. Key words: cold, mitochondria, Ca2+ ions, swelling, MPTP, myocardium, ROS, ischemia

Cardiac failure is one of the leading cause of deaths worldwide. Potential therapeutic approach, which overcome invasive organ transplantation and delivery of immunosuppressive drugs, is lacking nowadays. However, research of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy displays immunomodulation potential, which can further promote variety of organ regeneration without need of drug treatment. Xenopus tropicalis immature Sertoli cells (XtiSCs) culture was established in our laboratory from juvenile Xenopus tropicalis male. XtiSCs possess immunomodulatory capacity and differentiation to cardiomyocytes after the treatment with the inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) CHIR99021. To test the survival rate of transplanted XtiSCs we firstly microinjected treated cells directly inside tadpole's heart. XtiSCs proliferated there for the whole tested time period (30 days). However, after direct heart XtiSCs injection and subsequent cardiac injury in adult frog, no cells were localized in wound area. Thus, we focused on remote control of cardiac regeneration using XtiSCs without CHIR99021 treatment. We injected cells inside skeletal muscle bed and confirmed their survival and proliferation. Moreover, if cells were transplanted 3 days before heart injury, it resulted in significant reduction of fibronectin...

Cardiovascular intervention studies are a very important issue given that the ischaemic heart disease is one of the main mortality and morbidity causes in the Western world. Cardioprotection is mediated through a variety of signalling pathways in the cell that may directly or indirectly affect energy metabolism and mitochondria. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury of the heart significantly affect mitochondrial function revealing a potential therapeutic target. The role of mitochondria in the myocardium is not only in the field of energy homeostasis, but also in mediating the cellular response to reduced oxygen supply and in apoptosis regulation. This thesis aims to elucidate the response of the hypertrophied heart of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and the derived conplastic strain with mitochondrial genome of normotensive Brown Norway (SHR-mtBN ) to the cardioprotective regime of adaptation to chronic normobaric hypoxia (CNH, Fi 0.1). The adaptive changes were studied at the cellular, protein and gene levels using Real-time RT-PCR, Biomark Chip Analysis, Western Blot, spectrophotometric measurements of enzyme activity and quantitative immunofluorescence analyses. The present thesis was based on a different cardioprotective phenotype between SHR and SHR-mtBN strains, i.e. a significantly smaller...

Within the span of few decades, there has been a significant increase in diabetes mellitus and chronic stress in developed countries, such as the Czech Republic. These conditions have a significant negative effect on physical and mental health. Repeated and long-term exposure to raised levels of glucose, overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and the increase in plasma levels of stress hormones affects most of the organs in the body, including the heart. The cardiovascular system is regulated by a broad number of neurotransmitters, hormones and neuropeptides. Alterations in the innervation of the cardiovascular system, as a result of both diseases, can affect its physiological functions. The present thesis focuses not only on the role of the classic, but primarily on the peptidergic innervation of the heart. The aim was to contribute to the explanation of the impact of neuropeptides and their shared receptor systems on the genesis and the development of heart damage due to diabetes mellitus and/or exposure to stressors. Knowledge of the physiological characteristics of neuropeptides and their involvement in the pathogenesis of both diseases and related complications could be helpful in determining the optimal treatment method or alternatively allow us to use the cardio protective effect of...

The object of the work are phraseological units with somatic components «head» and «heart». Phraseological units of each group are analyzed by a semantic and structural perspective. An etymologic explanation is introduced and then phraseological units are illustrated within a Russian context. The foundations of the Russian and Czech languages are deduced by exploration of the differences and similarities of the phraselogical units.

The thesis intends to show, using the specific example of Jan and Anna Podlipný, a typical Prague family active in public life on the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Both the public activities and the private lives of the married couple are described. The thesis introduces the family of both Podlipnýs, particular focus being on the free time activities of the family members; home theatre is of special importance in this context. The core of the thesis is a discussion of the public activities of Jan and Anna Podlipný. Public life of Jan Podlipný is divided in his work for the Prague administration and in various interest groups. Emphasis is placed on years 1897-1900 when he was the mayor of Prague; the thesis also partially discusses his work as a lawyer and a member of the Young Czech Party. Podlipný is also introduced as a member of the Sokol union, the first head of the Czech Sokol Community and a member of the Society for the Construction of a Monument of Master Jan Hus. Podlipný's efforts in the cooperation between Sokol and the Union of French Gymnasts are also mentioned, and briefly also the other organisations he was active in. Anna Podlipná is introduced primarily as a wife and a mother. Emphasis is placed on her activities in the Domácnosť (Household) and České srdce (Czech Heart)...

This thesis "I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go" (Exod 4:21b) deals with the hardening of Pharaoh's heart in the first part of the book of Exodus (Exod 1-15). It seeks to answer the questions of what it means "harden heart", who, when, how and why hardened Pharaoh's heart, what are the implications for Pharaoh (especially whether the Pharaoh could freely change his decision and implement it) and what is God who hardens someone's heart (whether he is not only sovereign and powerful, but also a good, wise and righteous). This thesis includes my own translation, lexical, grammatical, diachronic and synchronic analysis, examination of the text in the context of the Old and New Testament and history of interpretation. Emphasis is placed on the most accurate translation (distinction of three different Hebrew verbs and their semantic nuances, distinction of different verb stems of stative verbs and distinction of description of the condition and change of the condition etc.). The main conclusion of this work is that God not limit Pharaoh's freedom to freely make decisions by "hardening" of his heart, but that he strengthened him that he would be able to freely decide whether to obey the Lord despite increasing pressure of "plagues", and in order to show whether his verbally...

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