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Light and rapid constructions as well as considerations such as improved line of sight and increased capacity for modern stadium structures make them vulnerable for vibration serviceability problems. These problems are also observed at convention centers, large shopping malls, concert halls and ballrooms. Especially when the individuals in a crowd are involved in some sort of coordinated motion, this type of loading creates the most potential for high levels of vibration. In order to understand the causes of vibration, vibration levels, service and safety levels, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) can be implemented to track and evaluate performance of a structure during events such as games at football stadia. SHM becomes a critical need especially when decisions such as repair and retrofit are to be made for the structure. The main objectives of this study are a) to determine the impact of vibration to human comfort levels; b) to identify dynamic loading for the coordinated motion; c) to determine the structural performance by means of a detailed model validated using experimental data. In order to achieve these objectives, a football stadium was monitored for three years to establish the vibration levels during different games and different events in each game such as goals, interceptions, playing a particular song. It is seen that certain events and long periods of playing particular songs induced vibration levels that are at the threshold of human comfort based on the design codes. To simulate the crowd motion due to this song, a laboratory study was designed and conducted to experimentally determine the forcing functions due to jumping with the rhythm of the song. The spectral analysis of the stadium data and the song also revealed that the first mode frequency of the stadium and the dominant frequency of the music are very close, creating iv resonance conditions. Further investigative studies were conducted by developing a finite element (FE) model of the stadium, which was validated using the results of the modal analysis from the ambient vibration data. Subsequently, the FE model was employed to simulate forcing functions obtained from the laboratory studies to explore the vibration levels, dynamic response as well as the response of the structure when it is retrofitted by additional elements. In addition, different aspects of model development, with respect to the physical model of the stadium were outlined in terms of design considerations, instrumentation, finite element modeling, and simulating dynamic effect of spectators. Finally, the effectiveness of the retrofit by adding elements to the steel structure of the stadium was explored by simulating the crowd motion with the FE model.

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My graduate thesis is a study of telluric and tectonic architecture. These two ideas inspired me to design a baseball stadium for the town of Blacksburg, Virginia that portrayed the contrasting concepts "of the earth" and "of the sky." / Master of Architecture

This work provides an in-depth-view of driver motivational aspects when driver assistance Systems (DAS) are considered. Thereby, the role of driver actual experience with DAS use was also identified and highlighted. A central outcome of this thesis is the STADIUM model describing the interplay of motivational factors that determine the engagement in secondary activities while taking actual DAS use experience into account. The role of motives in showing attentive behaviour depending on DAS (the navigation system) could also be underlined. The relevance, enrichment and need of combining qualitative and quantitative approaches when the effects of safety countermeasures on driver behaviour are investigated could also be shown. The results are discussed in terms of hierarchical driver behaviour models, the theory of planned behaviour and its extended versions and the strengths of the introduced studies and limitations. Implications for traffic safety are provided and future research issues are recommended. / Diese Arbeit liefert einen gründlichen Einblick, welche Rolle motivationale Aspekte spielen, wenn Fahrerassistenzsysteme (FAS) genutzt werden. Dabei wurde auch die Funktion der tatsächlichen Erfahrung mit FAS identifiziert und hervorgehoben. Ein zentrales Ergebnis dieser Arbeit ist das STADIUM Modell, welches das Zusammenspiel motivationaler Faktoren in Abhängigkeit von der tatsächlichen Erfahrung mit FAS erklärt, die wiederum bestimmen, inwieweit und ob andere Aktivitäten während des Fahrens ausgeführt werden. Außerdem konnte unterstrichen werden, welche Rolle Motive spielen, aufmerksames Verhalten in Abhängigkeit von der Nutzung von FAS (dem Navigationssystem) zu zeigen. Zusätzlich konnte dargestellt werden, wie relevant, bereichernd und nützlich es ist, qualitative und quantitative Methoden zu kombinieren, wenn die Effekte von FAS auf das FahrerInnenverhalten untersucht werden. Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert indem auf hierarchische Fahrerverhaltensmodelle, auf die Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens und ihre erweiterten Versionen und auf die Stärken und Schwächen der Studien Bezug genommen wird. Es werden Implikationen dargestellt und zukünftige Forschungsfragen und Problemstellungen empfohlen.

This thesis explores the access of care for the terminally ill in hospitals from 1945 until present. Issue include humane access to medics and nurses for terminally ill patients, and focus on the changes in care over time. The focus of exploration is palliative care in hospitals, awareness of palliative care, and the education of medics and nurses in this domain. Studies of postwar information is an integral part of this thesis's empirical research. This thesis deals with death as a taboo of modern society, and aspects of experiences of the terminally ill in last phase of life. The postwar period has emphasized spirituality, but the quality of care in the hospitals has worsened over time. After 1948, in the period of real socialism, there has been a measured deficit of psychological and spiritual support, less involvement from sanitary personnel, but a measured increase from the support of families. The present has put emphases on expertise, but there is less family cohesion and space for family care. The growing bureaucracy of sanitary care, and in general, more serious cases, has led to the work becoming harder.

Sport in Brno has its own great tradition, which is visible on huge stadiums situated in the sports complex Za Luzankami. Unfortunately, stadiums dilapidated and the whole areal turn to brownfield. The proposal of new multipurpose Kometa Arena, located at the site of the original, now demolished stadium, together with the planned new football stadium will initiate the reconstruction of the district, and get it back to past glories. The stadium belongs to the category of buildings where form follows function, which in this case primarily allow for a quality perspective on the pitch for a large number of spectators. In this case, the stands are also the main supporting structure of the whole stadium. On platforms anchored to the stands are located the modifiable cells containing functions related to the arena. The appearance of the stadium is determined by transparent facade that allows the neighborhood to see what is happening in the stadium and provides interesting views from high arena of the surrounding park, arboretum and the city.