Title: An analysis of safety measures in Tipsport arena for dealing with emergencies Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze technology in Tipsport Arena ice stadium in Holešovice in terms of safety and security measures and to evaluate the internal measures of HC Sparta Praha. Identify emergency situations that may arise at the ice rink and bring preventive measures generated against these situations. Methods: In this thesis compilation methods were used for the analysis of the key points about technology and hazardous substances used at the ice rink, security plans arising from legislation and an analysis of the integrated rescue system. In the practical part, a technology and safety measures selected ice rink, the used of methods of analysis, observation and interviews. Results: Safety measures Tipsport arena is evaluated as positive and its analysis is given in the safety measures servicing of refrigeration devices, security controls before organizing events, breakdown of activities performed by fire hazard and are accompanied by the documentation of fire protection in Tipsport arena. Keywords: leak, ammonia, system, stadium, failure

This study focuses on a cultural phenomenon that is driven by the demolition of Major League Baseball stadiums, ballparks, and fields. Prompted by their inherent role in the evolution of the sport and the inadequacies of the existing historic preservation framework, this study examines how American society preserves this utilitarian form, after their demolition, through observations, data collection, and analysis. In doing so, this study exposes that Major League Baseball stadiums, ballparks, and fields are preserved through the use of nine overlapping preservation methods, which memorialize five significant features. However, though these preservation methods do not prevent Major League Baseball stadiums from being demolished, they do illustrate how our society alternatively preserves historically and culturally significant resources when the existing historic preservation framework is rendered incompatible.

Since the identification, in the UK, of the need for further information on the dynamic loading of grandstands in the early 1990s, a number of research projects have investigated the issues relating to dynamic loading of structures due to groups of people participating in synchronised activities. These studies have, to date, largely focused on producing load models to accurately represent the dynamic crowd load and the human-structure interaction. However, whilst the vibrational response of grandstand structures is becoming better understood, the question arises as to what level of dynamic response is acceptable to the users. Currently there is very little experimental data available regarding human perception of vibrations in such crowd loading situations. As a result those producing design standards and design guides have very little information on which to base serviceability requirements. To address this, tests have been carried out at the University of Bath using a section of grandstand, whose dynamic properties could be varied, with the aim of developing acceptability criteria. Groups of participants were subjected to a range of vibrations induced by selected members of the group jumping in synchrony. Both those seated and jumping during the tests were asked to rate their perception and emotion of each vibration as well as the acceptability of the vibration in a real grandstand situation. These ratings were then used to statistically model perception and emotion to find the key vibration characteristics influencing the human response of both the seated and jumping participants prior to developing acceptability curves for each group. It was found that those seated are more sensitive to vibrations than those jumping to create them. The response of the jumpers is relatively simple and can be fairly accurately modelled using just a single variable namely the square of vertical RMS displacement. The seated response is much more complex but can be relatively accurately represented using logarithm of vertical RMS acceleration. The proposed acceptability criteria and load model generally tie in well with previously published guidelines provided that the serviceability criteria are in the same format as the original research upon which they were based (i.e. peak accelerations).

Este trabalho é fruto de uma pesquisa debruçada sobre o período da história do futebol brasileiro conhecido como crise do amadorismo, que atravessa as décadas de 1910 e 1920, até 1933, ano em que o futebol profissional se formaliza em São Paulo. O intuito desta investigação história consiste em identificar as origens de uma das maiores rivalidades do futebol brasileiro, o derby Corinthians e Palmeiras, à luz das dinâmicas sociais, econômicas e políticas envolvidas com o processo de profissionalização desse esporte que produzem seus maiores símbolos de desenvolvimento: os estádios. / This work is the result of a research bent over the period of the Brazilian football history known as \"crisis of amateurism\" that crosses the 1910s and 1920s, until 1933, the year that professional football is formalized in São Paulo. The purpose of this research is to identify the history origins of one of the greatest rivalries in Brazilian football, Corinthians and Palmeiras derby, in light of the dynamic social, economic and political involved with the process of professionalization of the sport they produce their greatest symbols of development: stadiums.

A presente pesquisa teve como principal objetivo compreender quais os efeitos que a transformação de um estádio brasileiro de futebol em uma arena multiuso, à luz das exigências da Federação Internacional de Futebol (FIFA), traz para as formas de torcer. Para tanto, foi realizada uma etnografia nos jogos da Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras (SEP) disputados no Allianz Parque, inaugurado em 2014 após quatros anos de reforma no Estádio Palestra Itália, campo pertencente à Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras (SEP), considerado um dos clubes de maior relevância no cenário futebolístico de São Paulo e do Brasil. Com base em meses de observações, pôde-se perceber um fluxo de práticas torcedoras entre o que acontece dentro e fora da arena. Isto porque a localização do Allianz Parque, na zona oeste paulistana, possibilita a criação de uma territorialidade palmeirense, onde equipamentos físicos, tais quais bares e sedes de torcidas organizadas, misturam-se a um código moral, regido pelo clubismo, nas ruas do entorno da arena. / This research sought to understand the effects that the transformation of a Brazilian football stadium into a multi-purpose arena, according to the demands of FIFA - International Federation of Association Football -, brought to the act of supporting a club. In order to do so, it presents an ethnography of the games played at the Allianz Parque. The arena was innaugurated in 2014, after four years of renewal work on the Palestra Itália Stadium, a field belonging to the Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras (SEP), considered one of the most relevant football clubs in both São Paulo and Brazil. After months of observations, it was possible to notice a flow of practices of support between what happens inside and outside the arena. That happens because the place where the Allianz Parque is built, to the west of town, creates a \'Palmeiras territoriality\' in which physical equipment such as pubs and football firms headquarters mix themselves into a moral code guided by the club itself in the streets surrounding the arena.

TITTLE: Violence in Czech Football and Hockey Stadiums AUTHOR: Bc. Tomáš Sekan DEPARTMENT: Department of Physical Education SUPERVISOR: PaedDr. Ladislav Pokorný ABSTRACT: The thesis 'Violence in Czech Football and Hockey Stadiums' is focusing on the supporters' violent and agressive behavior during competitive games in the Czech Republic. This thesis is studying all parties involved (football hooligans, police officers, a psychologist) and concentrating on the public opinion on this specific subject and stadium visits themselves. Interviews, questionnaires, observation and content analysis were all used for the purposes of this thesis. Subsequently, the thesis is analyzing available resources to understand what actions are currently being taken by football and ice-hockey associations to fight the violence, and if these actions can be considered successful. KEYWORDS: Violence, football, hockey, stadium, crowds

Esta tese pretendeu discutir como o processo de elitização dos estádios de futebol, o chamado “caso Aranha” e certo retorno da Coligay atravessaram o currículo de masculinidade dos torcedores do Grêmio que frequentam estádio. Os estádios de futebol inserem os sujeitos torcedores em diferentes pedagogias culturais. A modernização dos espaços do torcer que vem ganhando andamento no Brasil, especialmente, a partir da década de 1990, foi catalisada com a realização da Copa do Mundo no País, em 2014. Com isso, diferentes olhares foram colocados para os estádios, os torcedores e suas práticas. Normativas vindas da FIFA e de federações nacionais têm colocado em questão práticas historicamente autorizadas nos estádios de futebol. Nessa investigação procurei observar como os torcedores do Grêmio foram interpelados por esses diferentes conteúdos ao realizarem um trânsito entre o estádio Olímpico Monumental e a Arena do Grêmio. Para a construção do material empírico realizei uma etnografia na Arena do Grêmio que me permitiu discutir como o sujeito coletivo ‘torcida do Grêmio’ recebeu esses diferentes movimentos. Além disso, observei alguns ditos individuais e de que maneira eles ressoaram ou não nesse espaço. Por fim, produzi um terceiro material através de diálogos com pequenos grupos de torcedores que me permitiram perguntar mais diretamente como estes indivíduos percebiam a elitização dos estádios, a interdição de cânticos e eventuais episódios de racismo e homofobia. Essa investigação dialoga com um vasto conjunto de trabalhos na área das Ciências Humanas e Sociais que problematizam diferentes aspectos do futebol como prática de lazer e esportiva, especialmente a partir da realização dos megaeventos esportivos no Brasil, Copa do Mundo de 2014 e Jogos Olímpicos de 2016. Ao mesmo tempo inova ao analisar estes fenômenos a partir de categorias do campo da Educação, no viés dos Estudos Culturais, dos estudos de gênero e da sexualidade e numa perspectiva feminista e pós-estruturalista. Em minha dissertação de mestrado (2009) procurei olhar para um currículo de masculinidade nos estádios de futebol. Voltei a olhar para o mesmo fenômeno com um afastamento temporal e espacial, uma vez que o clube em que realizei minha inserção etnográfica mudou de estádio, tendo no conceito de currículo uma centralidade analítica para examinar novamente os fenômenos que ocorrem nos estádios e o que eles poderiam me dizer sobre essas masculinidades construídas através das narrativas que ali circulam e disputam significados. É possível apontar que os torcedores se entendem em trânsito e percebem certa diferença nas formas adequadas de ocuparem o novo estádio sendo necessário algum tipo de adaptação. O processo de elitização acaba produzindo certa dicotomia entre o torcedor, representado como autêntico e popular, e o consumidor que seria alguém estranho ao estádio. A esse consumidor podem se somar outras alteridades do torcedor que poderiam incluir mulheres, crianças e homens mais velhos. Na Arena é possível visualizar uma relação em tensionamento entre o torcedor e a torcida. Ora as ações do torcedor são narradas a partir da pertença ao coletivo, ora o sujeito pode ser individualizado e a coletividade se esvazia. Ainda é muito cedo para saber o que acontecerá com esse currículo de masculinidade dos torcedores de estádio a partir da desnaturalização de algumas práticas. Agora, mais do que antes, há um jogo a ser jogado sobre as construções das masculinidades torcedoras nos estádios de futebol. / This thesis intended to discuss how the elitization process of the football stadiums, the so called “Aranha Case” and a certain return of the Coligay crossed the Grêmio fans’ masculinity curriculum of those who go to the stadium. The football stadiums insert the fan individuals in different cultural pedagogies. The modernization of the fan’s spaces which has been getting progress in Brazil, especially from the 1990s, was catalyzed with the realization of the World Cup in the Country, in 2014. Hence, different viewpoints were placed for the stadiums, for the fans and their practices. Normative rulings coming from FIFA and from national federations have been calling into question practices historically authorized in the football stadiums. In this investigation, I tried to observe how the Grêmio fans were challenged for these different contents when they performed a transit from the Olímpico Monumental Stadium to the Grêmio Arena. For the construction of the empirical material, I have done ethnography at the Grêmio Arena which allowed me to discuss how the collective subject ‘Grêmio Crowd’ received these different movements. Besides, I observed some individual sayings and how they resounded, or not, in this space. At last, I produced a third material through dialogs with small groups of fans which allowed me to question more directly how these individuals perceived the elitization of the stadiums, the interdiction of singings and eventual episodes of racism and homophobia. This investigation dialogs with a vast set of works in the area of Human Sciences and Social Sciences which discuss different aspects of football as leisure and sportive practices, especially from the realization of the mega sports events in Brazil, the World Cup of 2014 and Olympic Games of 2016. At the same time it innovates as it analyzes these phenomena from categories of the Education field, within the Cultural Studies, the gender and sexuality studies under a feminist and post-structuralist perspective. In my MA dissertation (2009) I tried to look at a curriculum of masculinity in the football stadiums. I now look at the same phenomenon, but with a temporal and spatial estrangement, once the club when I realized my ethnographic insertion moved to another stadium, having in the curriculum concept an analytical centrality to again examine the phenomena which occur in the stadiums and what they could tell me about these masculinities constructed through the narratives that circulate in such spaces and how they dispute significance. It is possible to point out that the fans understand each other in transit and that they perceive certain difference in the adequate ways of occupying the new stadium which makes necessary some kind of adaptation. The process of elitization ends up producing certain dichotomy between the fan, represented as authentic and popular, and the consumer, who would be someone strange to the stadium. To this consumer other fan’s alterities can be added, which could include women, children and older men. At the Arena it is possible to visualize a relation in tensioning between the fan and the crowd. Sometimes the fan’s actions are narrated from the collective allegiance, sometimes the subject can be individualized and the collectiveness empties out. It is still too early to know what will happen with this stadium fan’s masculinity curriculum from the denaturalization of some practices. Now, more than ever, there is a game to be played about the constructions of the fan masculinities in the football stadiums.

A presente pesquisa teve como principal objetivo compreender quais os efeitos que a transformação de um estádio brasileiro de futebol em uma arena multiuso, à luz das exigências da Federação Internacional de Futebol (FIFA), traz para as formas de torcer. Para tanto, foi realizada uma etnografia nos jogos da Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras (SEP) disputados no Allianz Parque, inaugurado em 2014 após quatros anos de reforma no Estádio Palestra Itália, campo pertencente à Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras (SEP), considerado um dos clubes de maior relevância no cenário futebolístico de São Paulo e do Brasil. Com base em meses de observações, pôde-se perceber um fluxo de práticas torcedoras entre o que acontece dentro e fora da arena. Isto porque a localização do Allianz Parque, na zona oeste paulistana, possibilita a criação de uma territorialidade palmeirense, onde equipamentos físicos, tais quais bares e sedes de torcidas organizadas, misturam-se a um código moral, regido pelo clubismo, nas ruas do entorno da arena. / This research sought to understand the effects that the transformation of a Brazilian football stadium into a multi-purpose arena, according to the demands of FIFA - International Federation of Association Football -, brought to the act of supporting a club. In order to do so, it presents an ethnography of the games played at the Allianz Parque. The arena was innaugurated in 2014, after four years of renewal work on the Palestra Itália Stadium, a field belonging to the Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras (SEP), considered one of the most relevant football clubs in both São Paulo and Brazil. After months of observations, it was possible to notice a flow of practices of support between what happens inside and outside the arena. That happens because the place where the Allianz Parque is built, to the west of town, creates a \'Palmeiras territoriality\' in which physical equipment such as pubs and football firms headquarters mix themselves into a moral code guided by the club itself in the streets surrounding the arena.

Este trabalho é fruto de uma pesquisa debruçada sobre o período da história do futebol brasileiro conhecido como crise do amadorismo, que atravessa as décadas de 1910 e 1920, até 1933, ano em que o futebol profissional se formaliza em São Paulo. O intuito desta investigação história consiste em identificar as origens de uma das maiores rivalidades do futebol brasileiro, o derby Corinthians e Palmeiras, à luz das dinâmicas sociais, econômicas e políticas envolvidas com o processo de profissionalização desse esporte que produzem seus maiores símbolos de desenvolvimento: os estádios. / This work is the result of a research bent over the period of the Brazilian football history known as \"crisis of amateurism\" that crosses the 1910s and 1920s, until 1933, the year that professional football is formalized in São Paulo. The purpose of this research is to identify the history origins of one of the greatest rivalries in Brazilian football, Corinthians and Palmeiras derby, in light of the dynamic social, economic and political involved with the process of professionalization of the sport they produce their greatest symbols of development: stadiums.

This study examined the use of historical names vs. corporate names of stadiums by newspapers in Major League Baseball game stories. The study includes a sample of stories from seven major league teams from the first season that each team played in a corporate-named stadium after playing the preceding year in a historically-named park. A content analysis of 725 newspaper articles was performed. The hypotheses and exploratory questions tested the frequency of use comparing the corporate name to the historical name and also examined where in the sports section the names were appearing and where the names were being used in the stories. Also tested was how hometown newspapers of teams were handling the change. The study found the corporate name was used nearly 70 percent of the time. Thirty percent historical may be a large enough number to concern corporations spending tremendous sums of money on naming rights.