Vid avverkning av virke vid gallring börjat handla om två maskintyper stickvägs- och beståndsgående skördare för att utföra gallring. Studiens syfte var att se om det fanns någon skillnad i antalet kvarvarande stammar efter gallring mellan de olika maskintyperna. För att komma fram till om det fanns någon skillnad mellan maskintyperna användes cirkelprovytor 5,64 m för att räkna stammar. Resultatet visade på skillnader i antal stammar per ha och också på en skillnad i grundyta. Beståndsgående skördare skapar förutsättningar för stabilare bestånd då inte breda stickvägar tas upp. / In thinnings two types of machines, strip road and stand-thinning machines are used. The study's purpose was to see if there was any difference in the number of stems per ha after thinning with the various machine types. To find out whether there was any difference between the types of machines circular plots were used, 5,64 m, to count the stem number and basal area. The results showed differences in the number of stems per ha and also showed a difference in basal area. Stand-thinning machines creates conditions for stable stands since wide strip roads doesn`t occur.

In Oregon, "Incompetent to Stand Trial (1ST) Patients" were observed to be increasing in number, remaining in the hospital longer, and costing more to treat. A study was designed to investigate variables that could be used to predict their length of stay at Oregon State Hospital. Data for thirteen independent variables (gender, age, having an Axis I psychosis level diagnosis, having an Axis I substance-related diagnosis, having an Axis II personality disorder diagnosis, evidence of involuntary medications, being on atypical medications at discharge, number of seclusion and restraint events, number of felony charges, number of misdemeanor charges, and number of inter-ward transfers) and one dependent variable (length of stay) were analyzed for 198 1ST patients discharged from Oregon State Hospital between January, 1999 and December, 2001. Bivariate correlations for all variables, and length of stay (LOS) means for all levels of each variable were examined and discussed. A standard multiple regression analysis was performed. The regression model accounted for 36.5% (32.7% adjusted) of the variability in (log) LOS. R for regression was found to be significantly different from zero. Five variables were found to be significant contributors to explaining the variability in (log) LOS: (square root) number of inter-ward transfers (16%), gender (5.8%), evidence of involuntary medications (5.2%), (square root) number of felony charges (2.8%), and (square root) number of seclusion and restraint events (1.6%). Despite accounting for more variability in LOS than several previous studies with psychiatric patients, 67.3% of the variability was unaccounted for by the regression model. Unstandardized regression coefficients for untransformed variables were interpreted, revealing that gender, number of inter-ward transfers, and evidence of involuntary medications significantly predicted the largest increases in LOS. Recommendations were made for further research related to LOS of 1ST patients. / Graduation date: 2003

The purpose of this study is to show the technical building requirements for modern arenas inSweden. The study will also create an understanding of how the requirements affect theSwedish football arenas which are affected by the regulations valid from 2014. As one of theSwedish football arenas there is Örjans Vall located in Halmstad. The aim of this study is todevelop alternative solutions regarding the technical problems Örjans Vall is facing 2014,when the new arena requirements for “Svensk elitfotboll” are taken into use. The solutions aremeant to be seen as suggestions which can inspire and guide the future planning for themodernization of Örjans Vall.In order to present a suggestion with technical building solutions the study contains differentphases. The first phase is an evaluation of the arena requirements and criteria, with focus onthe technical building requirements, which are of importance when creating solutions forÖrjans Vall. The second phase is a review of the arena situation in Sweden. The last phase isan evaluation of Örjans Vall made towards the previous evaluation of the requirements andcriteria as the basis.The evaluation of Örjans Vall shows which technical building defects the football arena have.A rebuild and expansion of Örjans Vall is essential and needs to take place before 2014 unlessan exemption is issued. When all the parts in a complete suggestion should be consideredfollows a discussion where each area is treated separately. All areas will then form the basisof a complete suggestion for how a future Örjans Vall could be designed. The basis for thediscussions are simple solutions were practical suggestions are presented. In the areas where asimple solution does not exist, other arenas in Sweden will be considered to inspire theproposal.The solutions include the defects in different areas but also renovations and extensions of thebleachers where the main defects are shown. The report presents four alternative renovationsand extensions of the bleachers where an overall proposal is developed to meet the spectatorinterests. / Syftet med denna studie är att påvisa de byggtekniska krav som ställs på moderna arenor iSverige. Studien ska också skapa en förståelse för hur kraven påverkar de fotbollsarenor vilkainnefattas av de föreskrifter som gäller fr.o.m. 2014. Som en del av de fotbollsarenor i Sverigesom omfattas av kraven finns Örjans Vall i Halmstad. Målet med denna studie är att ta framförlag på olika lösningar till de byggtekniska problem Örjans Vall står inför när de nyaarenakraven, för Svensk elitfotboll, träder i kraft 2014. Lösningarna ses som förslag vilka kaninspirera och vägleda vid den kommande projekteringen för moderniseringen av Örjans Vall.För att lägga fram ett förslag med byggtekniska lösningar innefattade studien olikadelmoment. Utvärdering av arenakrav och kriterier, med inriktning på de byggtekniska kravensom har betydelse vid utvärderingen av lösningar för Örjans Vall. En granskning avarenasituationen i Sverige och Allsvenskan har gjorts, där situationen idag och framtidsplanerredovisats. Sedan har en utredning av Örjans Vall på plats utförts, för att komplettera dentidigare utförda utvärderingen mot krav och kriterier.Utvärderingen av Örjans Vall visar vilka byggtekniska brister som fotbollsarenan har. En omochtillbyggnad av Örjans Vall är nödvändig och måste ske innan 2014 om inte dispensutfärdas. Då alla delar måste beaktas och behandlas i ett helhetsförslag följer en diskussiondär varje område behandlas var för sig. Alla områden kommer sedan ligga till grund för etthelhetsförslag på hur ett framtida Örjans Vall skulle kunna utformas. Till grund fördiskussionerna ligger enkla lösningar där praktiska förslag lyfts fram. I de områden där enenkel lösning inte anses finnas kommer övriga arena Sverige att beaktas för att lyfta framförslag.Lösningarna omfattar de utrymmesbrister som fanns men även om-och tillbyggnader avläktare där de största bristerna finns. Rapporten uppvisar fyra alternativa om- ochtillbyggnader av läktare där även ett helhetsförslag är utarbetat för att tillgodoseåskådarintresset.

In this thesis, solar-hydrogen Stand-Alone Power System (SAPS) which is planned to be built for the emergency room of a hospital is designed. The system provides continuous, off-grid electricity during the whole period of a year without any external electrical power supply. The system consists of Photovoltaic (PV) panels, Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) based electrolyzers, PEM based fuel cells, hydrogen tanks, batteries, a control mechanism and auxiliary equipments such as DC/AC converters, water pump, pipes and hydrogen dryers. The aim of this work is to investigate the optimal system configuration and component sizing which yield to high performance and low cost for different user needs and control strategies. TRNSYS commercial software is used for the overall system design and simulations. Numerical models of the PV panels, the control mechanism and the PEM electrolyzers are developed by using theoretical and experimental data and the models are integrated into TRNSYS. Overall system models include user-defined components as well as the default software components. The electricity need of the emergency room without any shortage is supplied directly from the PV panels or by the help of the batteries and the fuel cells when the solar energy is not enough. The pressure level in the hydrogen tanks and the overall system efficiency are selected as the key design parameters. The major component parameters and various control strategies affecting the hydrogen tank pressure and the system efficiency are analyzed and the results are presented.

Univ., Diss.--Bonn, 2006. / Literaturverz. S. [245] - 258.

Magistro darbe tiriama kertinių miško buveinių vertė alternatyviųjų kaštų metodu Darbo objektas – Kauno miškų urėdijos, girininkijų kertinės miško buveinės. Darbo tikslas – alternatyviųjų kaštų metodu įvertinti VĮ Kauno miškų urėdijos negaunamas pajamas dėl kertinių miško buveinių įsteigimo bei šių buveinių medieninės funkcijos kapitalizuotos vertės sumažėjimą dėl taikomų ūkinės veiklos apribojimų. Darbo metodai – Ištisinis statistinis metodas – duomenų apie kertines miško buveines rinkimui bei apdorojimui, alternatyviųjų kaštų metodas - kertinių miško buveinių ekonominiams skaičiavimams, taikant Faustmano miško žemės vertės formulę, naudojant MS EXCEL skaičiuoklę. Darbo rezultatai. Iš 1 ha kertinių miško buveinių dėl ūkinės veiklos apribojimų negaunamos vidutinės metinės pajamos svyruoja nuo 66 Lt/ha drebulynuose iki 208 Lt/ha ąžuolynuose. Negaunamų pajamų vertę labiausiai lemia vyraujanti medžių rūšis, esamas tūris ir medyno amžius. Vidutinės prarandamos metinės pajamos iš 1ha - 156 Lt. Visame kertinių miško buveinių plote vidutinės metinės prarandamos pajamos sudaro 205885 Lt. Dėl negaunamų pajamų sumažėja kapitalizuota medynų, patekusių į kertines miško buveines, vertė. Vertinant pagal Faustmano miško žemės vertės skaičiavimo metodą, visų kertinių buveinių kapitalizuota medieninės funkcijos vertė sumažėja 21,3 mln. Lt (vidutiniškai 24,7 tūkst. Lt/ha), lyginant su IV miškų grupei taikomu ūkiniu režimu. Tokia didelė vertė gali būti paaiškinta didele brandžių ąžuolynų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Value of woodland key habitat using the method of alternative costs is analyzed in the Master work. The object of the work – Kaunas state forests, woodland key habitat of state forests. The aim of the work – to evaluate decrease of annual income from timber and capitalized value of the stands in woodland key habitats in Public Institution Kaunas state forest enterprise because of restrictions applied to woodland key habitats. Methods of the work – continuous statistic method was used for collecting and processing data of woodland key habitat, alternative costs method was used for economic calculations of woodland key habitat applying Faustan formula of forest land value, using MS EXCEL spreadsheet. The results of the work. Average value of revenues of woodland key habitats of 1ha fluctuates according to dominant types of trees from 66 Lt/ha in aspen stands to 208 Lt/ha in oak stands. The value mostly depends on dominating tree species, age and volume of the stand. The average decrease of average annual revenues is 156 Lt/ha. The total average annual income lost by enterprise is 205885 Lt. Decrease of capitalised timbeer supply value of stands in woodland key habitats is as high as 21.3 mill. Lt, or 24.7 thou. Lt/ha, comparing to management practice applied to stands of IV forest group. Such a high value can be explained by big share of mature oak stands in woodland key habitats. Comparing to previous management regime, the decrease of the value is 13.8 mill. Lt.

Magistro darbe vertinama medynų įvairovė biologinės įvairovės požiūriu ir nustatomos teritorijos palankiausios biologinei įvairovei ir jos apsaugai. Darbo objektas – VĮ Dubravos mokomosios eksperimentinės miškų urėdijos Vaišvydavos girininkijos teritorija. Darbo tikslas - įvertinti Vaišvydavos girininkijos medynus biologinės įvairovės požiūriu ir nustatyti palankiausios biologinei įvairovei ir jos apsaugai teritorijas. Darbo metodai – 1958 m., 1978 m., 1988 m. ir 2003 m. miškotvarkų duomenų analizavimas ir nustatytų medynų rūšinės įvairovės rodiklių vertinimas bei, remiantis girininkijoje esančiomis saugomomis teritorijomis, kertinėmis miško buveinėmis ir retomis rūšimis, charakterizuojama girininkijos biologinė įvairovė ir nustatomos jos koncentracijos vietos. Darbo rezultatai. Atlikus tyrimus nustatyta, kad Vaišvydavos girininkijai tenkančio Dubravos girios masyvo dalyje 1958 m. augo 10, 1978 m. – 12, o 1988 – 2003 m. 13 medžių rūšių. Tai lėmė liepos, tuopos, klevo ir pocūgės atsiradimas medynuose. Nuo 1958 m. iki 1988 m. spygliuočių kiekis medynų sudėtyje didėjo, o nuo 1988 m. užfiksuotas spygliuočių sumažėjimas – jų kiekis medynų sudėtyje sumažėjo 3,6 %. Nagrinėtų įvairovės, proporcingumo bei vyravimo rodiklių dinamika rodo medynų rūšinės įvairovės mažėjimą iki 1988 m. ir didėjimą po 1988 m. Nagrinėjant atskirų augaviečių medynų rūšinės įvairovės dinamiką 1958 – 2003 m., pastebėta, kad didžiausia rūšinė įvairovė buvo Nc, Lc, Ld ir Uc augavietėse. Sudarant palankių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / There were estimated stand biodiversity and made biodiversity hotspots network was main object of the master work. The object of the work – Vaišvbydava forest districkt in Dubrava experimental educational state forest enterprise. The aim of the study – to estimate forest stand by biological diversity indexes and to establish the best spots to maintainig the biodiversity in Vaišvydava forest district. Working methods - forest management and data analysis of the stand species diversity indices of 1958, 1978, 1988, and 2003 years, the analysis of preservation territories, key habitats and rare and endangered species, and made biodiversity hotspots network. Study results - Number of trees in the stand in 1958 was 10 and in 1978 years was 12, 1988 and 2003 – 13. This led to the origin of july, poplar, maple and Douglas-fir. Diversity and Proportionality indexes decreased in 1958 – 1988 years period and was increasing in period from 1988 to 2003 years. Dominance index increased in 1958 – 1988 years, because the dominance of the pine and spruce in the stand and was increasing. But the same index was decreased in 2003 years. That happened because the invasion of the Ips typographus to the stands of spruces, and may be influenced in now a day’s politics of silverculture in Lithuania. It means that diversity of stand species is increasing, though it was decreased from 1958 to 1988 years. There were found 12 species of Data Red Book of Lithuania in Vaisvydava forest district, 1... [to full text]

The literary utopia is often accused of being an outmoded genre, a graveyard for failed social movements. However, utopian literature is a surprisingly resilient genre, evolving from the static, descriptive anatomies of the Renaissance utopias to the novelized utopian romances of the late nineteenth century and the self-reflexive critical utopias of the 1970s. The literary utopia adapts to the needs of the moment: what form(s) best represent the fears and desires of our current historical period? In this dissertation I perform a close reading of three exemplary texts: John Brunner’s Stand on Zanzibar (1968), Ursula K. Le Guin’s Always Coming Home (1985), and David Mitchell’s Cloud Atlas (2004). While I address topics specific to each text, my main focus is on the texts’ depictions of utopia and their spatialized narrative forms. In Stand on Zanzibar Brunner locates the utopian impulse in three registers—the political/bureaucratic, the technical/scientific, and the human(e)—and explores how their interplay constitutes the utopian space. In Always Coming Home Le Guin renovates the classical literary utopia, problematizing its uncritical advocacy of the “Judaeo-Christian-Rationalist-West” but preserving much of the older utopia’s form. In Cloud Atlas the networked narrative structure reflects and enables the heterogeneous, non-hierarchical, and processual utopian communities depicted in the novel. In these science fictional works the spatialized techniques of juxtaposition, discontinuity, and collage —commonly associated with a loss of historical depth and difference—are used to create utopian spaces founded on contingency and human choice. I contend that science fiction is a historical genre, one that is invested in representing societies as contingent historical totalities. Science fiction’s generic tendencies modify the context that a spatialized narrative form functions in, and in changing the context changes its effects. By utilizing a spatialized narrative form to embody a contingent practice, Brunner, Le Guin, and Mitchell cast the future—and the present—as historical, as something that can be acted upon and changed: they have provided us with strategies for envisioning better futures and, potentially, for mobilizing our visions of the future for positive change in the present.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Lic.-avh. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2007. / Härtill 2 uppsatser.