Purpose – The purpose of this research paper is to explore the challenges faced by Pakistani entrepreneurs in different cultural context of Sweden and Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach – In order to collect primary data, authors has conducted six interviews of Pakistani entrepreneurs. Three entrepreneurs were taken from Pakistan and three were taken from Sweden. For this research paper, authors has used Inductive approach as Research approach, Case study as research design, Qualitative data as research strategy, primary and secondary data as data sources and in-depth semi-structured interviews as data collection method, purposive and snowball method were used to select sample size. For the sake of collecting secondary data, two search engines were used; One Search and Google Scholar. Different published articles and journals were utilized in order to critically analyze Literature on similar topic. Conclusion – Challenges faced by Pakistani entrepreneurs in Pakistan are brand registration problem, corruption, Lack of support, Labour problem, Law and order, High taxes, Loan problem, Load shedding problem, high approach and high rental expenses. Explored challenges in Sweden are; Language barrier, Employees problem, Loan problem, High taxes, Saturation, less availability of shops, Racism, requirements for Swedish licences. Research limitations/implications – This research paper is only limited to Pakistani entrepreneurs who have start-ups in Pakistan and in Sweden.

The diploma thesis deals with the influences that affect young people aged 18 to 24 in the establishment of start-ups. The main aim was to find out which environmental factors influence emergence of youth start-ups and how they differ in Europe, China and the US over time. The thesis describes three models that explain the entrepreneurial intentions and that serve better understanding of human behavior in setting up businesses. Further the thesis includes a description of the individual and environmental factors that are based on current studies. Due to the title of thesis only the impact of environmental factors was tested. The analysis was conducted on a public data of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor.

Using data from the Kauffman Firm Survey (KFS), this thesis explores the effects that innovation activities has on the survival of new firms. The KFS follows 4,928 American start-ups from 2004 to 2011. A probit model is used to examine the relationships that may exist between a number of different variables relating to innovation and survival. The results indicate that firms that invest in research and development (R&D) and machinery and equipment persistently are more likely to survive than those that do not, or those that only invest once in these types of innovative business activities. Also, with regards to intellectual property (copyrights, trademarks and patents), firms that hold these types of intellectual property have a better chance of survival than those that do not hold any intellectual property.

This diploma thesis is dedicated to marketing of start-ups and the most frequent mistakes they make in this field. The goal of this thesis is to propose recommendations for start-up founders which could help them avoid mistakes while building their business. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part defines the concept of start-ups, explores their history and introduces the main issues start-ups have to deal with in the field of marketing. The second part contains interviews with start-up founders, employers and investors. The third part identifies the main problematic areas of start-ups' marketing and introduces recommendations and best practices for start-up founders, which is supposed to increase their chances to build a successful company.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze crowdfunding campaigns on Kickstarter, and contribute towards increasing the effectiveness of such campaigns, as most campaigns are unsuccessful. The theoretical part will focus on defining crowdfunding as the new phenomena of capital distribution and compared with other forms of financing new ideas. The empirical part focuses on a paired comparison analysis of campaigns from two various locations and three industries in total. Factores affecting the successfulness are analyzed and a pattern which would help towards solving the initial problem is looked for. The aim of the thesis was fulfilled by giving recommendations which have an impact on the success rate.

Sebastián Álvarez Licenciado en Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencias Sociales con énfasis en Comercio Internacional. Actualmente, Analista de Inversiones para Colombia, Perú y Ecuador de la Embajada del Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte en Colombia. / Krystel Castillo Licenciada en Relaciones Internacionales, con amplia experiencia en pequeñas y medianas empresas. Actualmente, Analista de Inversiones para México y Colombia, de la Embajada del Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte en México / El propósito principal del foro es explicar la oferta comercial del Reino Unido para empresas y start-ups latinoamericanas. Se abordará las ventajas estratégicas que convierten al Reino Unido en un destino idóneo para start-ups que estén buscando tener una presencia internacional. De igual forma, se abarcarán los servicios que el Departamento de Comercio Internacional puede proporcionar a las empresas peruanas que deseen internacionalizarse y forjar lazos comerciales robustos con el Reino Unido.

This study explores the accessibility of prime retail space to start-up retailers from the landlord’s perspective. The purpose of this study is to determine the degree to which prime space is accessible to start-ups retailers. The study also aims to identify the factors influencing start-up access to prime space, the strategies used by start-ups to access prime space and the criteria by which landlords evaluate these start-ups. The study followed an inductive, qualitative approach. Ten in-depth interviews with leasing decision makers were conducted. The interviews were summarised and the data units therein categorised. The categories were then analysed and testable propositions were developed from these emergent categories. By applying analytic induction in light of the theory base, a set of explanatory models were derived. The study finds that prime retail space is not easily accessible by start-ups. However, it also provides a deeper understanding of the context in the form of a set of explanatory models for the phenomena observed. Armed with this understanding, start-ups can modify their approach and vastly improve their access to prime space. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

This diploma thesis deals with the impact of venture capital financing on the performance of selected companies. In the theoretical portion of this paper, an analysis of foreign studies is performed. There are also several reasons discussed for government support and the impact of venture capital on the macroeconomic level. In the practical part of diploma thesis, the performance of Czech VC-backed firms is calculated. Then the impact of venture capital on Czech and foreign companies is commented on. In the following portion of this diploma thesis, multiple linear regression is made in order to discover which factors have the most significant impact on the performance of the selected Czech companies. In the closing segment, the results and findings are discussed as well as the recommendations for policy-makers that should be made.

The issue of the division of equity is one that founders of joint ventures inevitably face during the start-up phase of business development. Whilst this is an issue of great importance in that it shapes the capital structure of the business (Roberts and Zender, 2008) and impacts on the future productivity of founder members (Holstrom, 1982), it is an area that has received little systematic attention in academic literature. Hellman and Wasserman (2011) conducted a large scale study of equity splits in start-up’s and noted that the three factors of (1) the value of the idea, (2) past entrepreneurial experience and (3) capital contribution played a significant role in determining the division of equity. This study employs a qualitative research methodology to investigate the process of equity negotiation with the aim of identifying further factors that may guide decisions in equity negotiation. The key findings of the research are that the dynamics of the interpersonal relationships that exist between founder members appear to influence equity negotiations, in that preserving goodwill in these relationships was a factor that motivated founder members to lean towards equal equity splits. The two phenomena that are associated with a need to preserve goodwill within the relationship are the existence of a relationship prior to entering into business, and the business venture being based on a shared idea.Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

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